Testing a procedure to determine spatial proximity in semi-free-ranging macaque groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-54
Author(s):  
Laura Mármol ◽  
Hélène Meunier ◽  
Ruth Dolado ◽  
Francesc S. Beltran
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Spatial Variables ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Individuals’ spatial position is affected by social factors. The majority of studies correlating spatial position and social factors have used methods with drawbacks. A more complete method was developed by Dolado & Beltran (2011) in captive animals. The present study aimed to apply a modified version of this method in two semi-free-ranging macaque groups. The proposed method divides group’s surroundings into different subareas, selecting different points in each subarea and calculating the coordinates of these points. We filmed each group and analyzed the videos using an activated time transition recording to determine the individuals’ coordinates. With these data, we calculated spatial variables, allowing us to obtain groups’ spatial patterns. The current method improves on previous procedures and could be applied to larger study areas and groups than the method of Dolado & Beltran (2011), thus representing a viable option for studying spatial distribution patterns in semi-free-ranging macaque groups.

scholarly journals The spatial distribution patterns of rainfall use efficiency (RUE) of evergreen coniferous forests in Chinese subtropical zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-502
Author(s):  
Xiu-Juan ZHANG ◽  
Jun-Bang WANG ◽  
Chu WU ◽  
Kamil KUČA
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
Use Efficiency

Rainfall use efficiency (RUE) of subtropics evergreen coniferous forests and RUE spatial patterns in Chinese subtropical zone were estimated. RUE and ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP) spatial distribution, as well as the relationship between RUE and rainfall were particularly focused. RUE of subtropical evergreen coniferous forests and the spatial patterns were estimated based on the data collected from the related weather stations and peer-reviewed literatures. In our study, a gradually increasing tendency of NPP from northwestern to southeastern part of the subtropical zone is observed. No significant differences in RUE among these tree species are visible. RUE of the evergreen coniferous forests reduces as the rainfall increases. RUE reaches the peak when rainfall is less than 700 mm. However, the distribution of RUE is not evident. In linear regression, longitude, latitude, and PAR account for approximately 1.4% of the variability in RUE. These findings suggest that the RUE of evergreen coniferous forests in southern China has a functional convergence.

DISTRIBUTION OF INSECTS IN SOYBEAN FIELDS

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merle Shepard ◽  
G. R. Carner
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Poisson Series ◽  
Binomial Distributions

AbstractA 3-year study of spatial distribution patterns of insect pests in soybean fields revealed that the Poisson series described the distribution of most species. These species were: green cloverworms, Plathypena scabra (Fabricius); velvetbean caterpillars, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner; loopers Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and Heliothis spp. The Poisson with zeros distribution was second in characterizing the spatial patterns of many of the species. Field counts of Mexican bean beetles, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, fitted the Neyman’s type A and negative binomial distributions most often.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns and Interspecific Associations During Natural Regeneration in Three Types of Secondary Forest in the Central Part of the Greater Khingan Mountains, Heilongjiang Province, China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyu Zhang ◽  
Lingbo Dong ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Zhaogang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Interspecific Associations ◽  
Adult Trees

Seedling and sapling spatial patterns are important in community regeneration, and understanding the natural regeneration mechanisms of tree species in relation to spatial patterns will help improve forest management and community restoration efficiency. Based on data from three fixed plots established in birch forests (BF), coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests (CBMF) and coniferous mixed forests (CMF) in the central Greater Khingan Mountains in Heilongjiang Province, China, in 2017, we used the univariate and bivariate O-ring functions of the point pattern analysis method to evaluate the spatial patterns and associations of the main tree species in these three forest types at different development stages and identified the community successional stages according to the interspecific associations between dominant tree species and other tree species. The results showed that Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii in BF exhibited identical spatial distribution patterns and had a tendency to transition from an aggregated to a random distribution from saplings to adult trees, whereas every tree type in CBMF generally showed a random distribution. Adult trees of the main tree species in CMF, i.e., L. gmelinii and Picea koraiensis, mainly showed a random distribution, but P. koraiensis at other size classes generally showed an aggregated distribution. The intraspecific associations of the main tree species in BF and CMF at different development stages were constrained by the spatial scale within a given scope, while those in CBMF at different development stages were not significantly constrained by spatial scale. The results also show that the density of the three forest types was affected by the distance between the individuals of the various tree classes and adult trees, with different levels of influence. We analyzed the interspecific associations between dominant tree species and other tree species and then assessed community succession progress and found that the BF and CMF exhibited medium-term community succession, while the CBMF was in the primary stage. Our results further show that the spatial distribution patterns of the tree species in the small-diameter classes were jointly affected by adjacent habitats and diffusional limitations and that scale dependence existed in the intraspecific and interspecific associations. The analysis of the natural regeneration of spatial distribution and interspecific associations represents an efficient way to explore the stability of forest communities and dynamic changes in interspecific relationships during succession. The study results thus provide a theoretical basis for developing rational forest management measures.

DISPERSION PATTERNS OF ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED WITH POULTRY MANURE IN ENCLOSED HOUSES IN MASSACHUSETTS: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECTS OF MANURE MOISTURE AND ACCUMULATION TIME

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Geden ◽  
J. G. Stoffolano
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Accumulation Time ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Dispersion Patterns ◽  
Arthropod Predator

Arthropod predator-prey distribution patterns were examined in poultry manure with respect to spatial position, manure moisture content and age of the manure habitat. The predators, Carcinops pumilio (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Histeridae) and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) (Acarina: Macrochelidae) and their sphaerocerid and acarid prey were concentrated in the surface region of the manure and were more abundant towards the crest than the bases of rows of mature droppings. Fly larvae, acarid mites, M. muscaedomesticae females and Ca. pumilio larvae were more abundant in wetter than dry manure. Macrocheles muscaedomesticae females and Ca. pumilio adults appeared to prefer older to fresher manure, even though prey were more abundant in the latter.

Spatial distribution of tree species in a species-rich subtropical mountain forest in central China

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 826-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yili Guo ◽  
Junmeng Lu ◽  
Scott B. Franklin ◽  
Qinggang Wang ◽  
Yaozhan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Spatial Distribution Patterns ◽  
Aggregation Intensity

Inferring the processes underlying the spatial distribution patterns of tree species is fundamental for understanding species coexistence. Here, we examined spatial distribution patterns of woody plants by using the univariate pair correlation function to quantify spatial patterns of species in a fullly mapped 25 ha subtropical plot in China. We analyzed the relationships between the species attributes and spatial distribution patterns of 137 tree species with at least one individual per hectare. The results showed that aggregated distributions were the dominant pattern for species in the Badagongshan subtropical forests, and that the percentage of significantly aggregated species decreased with increasing spatial scales. Rare species were more aggregated than intermediate and abundant species, but they were more easily influenced by habitat heterogeneity. Also, there was significantly negative relationship between species abundance and species aggregation intensity. The aggregation intensity showed negative relationships to species mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and maximum DBH, i.e., species became more regularly spaced as species stature increased. Species functional traits (e.g., growth form and phenological guild) also had obvious effects on the spatial patterns of species. However, spatial patterns of tree species were not related to the dispersal mode. Our results partially conformed to the prediction that species’ attributes influenced species’ spatial patterns following similar laws, even after controlling for the effects of habitat heterogeneity. Consequently, species attributes (species abundance, mean DBH, maximal DBH, growth form, phenological guild, etc.) and habitat heterogeneity may primarily contribute to spatial patterns and species coexistence in natural forests.

Modeling spatial distribution of the unionid mussels and the core-satellite hypothesis

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooi-Ling Lee ◽  
Donald DeAngelis ◽  
Hock-Lye Koh
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Limited Movement ◽  
Unionid Mussels ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Fish Hosts

This paper discusses the spatial distribution patterns of the various species of the Unionid mussels as functions of their respective life-cycle characteristics. Computer simulations identify two life-cycle characteristics as major factors governing the abundance of a species, namely the movement range of their fish hosts and the success rate of the parasitic larval glochidia in finding fish hosts. Core mussels species have fish hosts with large movement range to disperse the parasitic larval glochidia to achieve high levels of abundance. Species associated with fish host of limited movement range require high success rate of finding fish host to achieve at least an intermediate level of abundance. Species with low success rate of finding fish hosts coupled with fish hosts having limited movement range exhibit satellite species characteristics, namely rare in numbers and sparse in distributions.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution patterns of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in a fine-scale agricultural landscape based on geostatistical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Yu Li ◽  
Yan-Ting Chen ◽  
Meng-Zhu Shi ◽  
Jian-Wei Li ◽  
Rui-Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Geostatistical Analysis ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractA detailed knowledge on the spatial distribution of pests is crucial for predicting population outbreaks or developing control strategies and sustainable management plans. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is one of the most destructive pests of cruciferous crops worldwide. Despite the abundant research on the species’s ecology, little is known about the spatio-temporal pattern of P. xylostella in an agricultural landscape. Therefore, in this study, the spatial distribution of P. xylostella was characterized to assess the effect of landscape elements in a fine-scale agricultural landscape by geostatistical analysis. The P. xylostella adults captured by pheromone-baited traps showed a seasonal pattern of population fluctuation from October 2015 to September 2017, with a marked peak in spring, suggesting that mild temperatures, 15–25 °C, are favorable for P. xylostella. Geostatistics (GS) correlograms fitted with spherical and Gaussian models showed an aggregated distribution in 21 of the 47 cases interpolation contour maps. This result highlighted that spatial distribution of P. xylostella was not limited to the Brassica vegetable field, but presence was the highest there. Nevertheless, population aggregations also showed a seasonal variation associated with the growing stage of host plants. GS model analysis showed higher abundances in cruciferous fields than in any other patches of the landscape, indicating a strong host plant dependency. We demonstrate that Brassica vegetables distribution and growth stage, have dominant impacts on the spatial distribution of P. xylostella in a fine-scale landscape. This work clarified the spatio-temporal dynamic and distribution patterns of P. xylostella in an agricultural landscape, and the distribution model developed by geostatistical analysis can provide a scientific basis for precise targeting and localized control of P. xylostella.

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