scholarly journals Glimpses of semantic restructuring of English emotion-laden words of American English L1 users residing outside the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Dewaele
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
American English ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Self ◽  
Semantic Representations ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The present exploratory study focuses on the effect of living outside the USA on the understanding of the meaning, the perceived offensiveness and the self-reported frequency of use of four English emotion-laden words of British origin and four English emotion-laden words of American origin among 556 first (L1) users of American English. Statistical analyses revealed that the scores of the Americans living in the UK or in non-English-speaking countries differed significantly from those of compatriots living in the USA. Positive relationships emerged between multilingualism and scores on the dependent variables for the four British words, but no link emerged between languages known and the dependent variables for the American words. This is interpreted as an indication that semantic representations of emotion-laden words originating from another variety of the L1 are relatively weaker and are more likely to shift as a result of exposure to their use in other varieties, and the knowledge of other languages.

Identification of English vowels by non-native listeners: Effects of listeners’ experience of the target dialect and talkers’ language background

2020 ◽  
pp. 026765832096564
Author(s):  
Shinsook Lee ◽  
Jaekoo Kang ◽  
Hosung Nam
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
American English ◽  
British English ◽  
Language Background ◽  
English Vowels ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

This study investigates how second language (L2) listeners’ perception is affected by two factors: the listeners’ experience with the target dialect – North American English (NAE) vs. Standard Southern British English (SSBE) – and talkers’ language background: native vs. non-native talkers; i.e. interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit (ISIB) talker effects. Two groups of native-Korean-speaking listeners with different target English dialects – L1-Korean listeners of English as a second language (ESL) in the USA and L1-Korean ESL listeners in the UK – were tested on the identification of 12 English vowels spoken by native and non-native (L1-Korean) talkers of NAE and SSBE. The results show that the L2 listeners’ experience with the target dialect had a significant impact on the accuracy of their identification of the L2 vowels. However, no ISIB-talker effects were observed for the L1-Korean listener groups regardless of the listeners’ differences in experience with the two varieties of English. The study adds to the L2 sound acquisition literature and the ISIB literature by looking into L2 learners’ identification of L2 vowels, taking into account the learners’ differences in experience with two standard varieties of English (NAE and SSBE) and the interaction between the learners’ experience with the two varieties and ISIB-talker effects. It also sheds some light on the issue of adult L2 learners’ ability to learn the vowels of a new target variety.

Comparative Attributes of Effective Health Services Managers and Definitions of Organizational Effectiveness in Australia, the UK and the USA

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Boldy ◽  
S. Jain ◽  
G. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Organizational Effectiveness ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Political Skills ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Perceived Relevance ◽  
The Uk

This paper explores and contrasts the perceptions of 855, mainly health services managers and 1452 students from three major English-speaking countries regarding the attributes needed for becoming effective managers in their country. Also addressed are country differences and similarities in the perceived relevance of particular indicators of organizational effectiveness. Despite Australia's British heritage, respondents from this country were found to be more similar to those from the USA, than those from the UK, in their views regarding the attributes of effective managers. Australian and American respondents rated ‘nurturing’ personality skills relatively highly, as they did ‘classical’ management skills. UK respondents rated ‘classical’ management skills as more important than ‘political’ skills.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of food items on fast-food ‘kids’ menus’: comparisons across countries and companies

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2263-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Hobin ◽  
Christine White ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Maria Chiu ◽  
Mary Fodor O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectiveTo compare energy (calories), total and saturated fats, and Na levels for ‘kids’ menu’ food items offered by four leading multinational fast-food chains across five countries.DesignA content analysis was used to create a profile of the nutritional content of food items on kids’ menus available for lunch and dinner in four leading fast-food chains in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA.SettingFood items from kids’ menus were included from four fast-food companies: Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), McDonald's and Subway. These fast-food chains were selected because they are among the top ten largest multinational fast-food chains for sales in 2010, operate in high-income English-speaking countries, and have a specific section of their restaurant menus labelled ‘kids’ menus’.ResultsThe results by country indicate that kids’ menu foods contain less energy (fewer calories) in restaurants in the USA and lower Na in restaurants in the UK. The results across companies suggest that kids’ menu foods offered at Subway restaurants are lower in total fat than food items offered at Burger King and KFC, and food items offered at KFC are lower in saturated fat than items offered at Burger King.ConclusionsAlthough the reasons for the variation in the nutritional quality of foods on kids’ menus are not clear, it is likely that fast-food companies could substantially improve the nutritional quality of their kids’ menu food products, translating to large gains for population health.

Continuity, Dissonance and Location: An Anglosphere Research Agenda

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Andrew Mycock ◽  
Ben Wellings
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Uk

This chapter maps out an agenda for those wishing to research the Anglosphere. It does so by examining the elements of political and ideational continuity between the present-day Anglosphere and its antecedents such as Greater Britain and the English-speaking peoples. It also analyses the dissonance within and amongst members of the Anglosphere and thus assesses the potential for the realisation of the diverse political goals that its proponents claim. In searching for the locations where this idea has been realised, it suggests that Brexit increased the salience of the Anglosphere in the United Kingdom and beyond. The chapter notes the changing scope of definitions of the Anglosphere from proponents and analysts alike. It focuses on the five ‘core’ states of the Anglosphere – the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand – but is sensitive to overlapping and intersecting relationships, such as the Commonwealth and the Anglo-American ‘special relationship’. By examining the narratives that the idea of the Anglosphere generates this chapter argues that the hierarchies and tensions intersecting it both sustain and constrain this durable yet thin political ideology.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of Thai University Students’ Understanding of World Englishes

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saksit Saengboon
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
American English ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Thai English ◽  
Native English Speaking Teachers ◽  
Thai University

<p>This exploratory study investigated the perceptions of Thai university students towards World Englishes (WEs). One hundred and ninety-eight students from three universities in Bangkok were administered a questionnaire inquiring about definitions of WEs, the Kachruvian concentric circles, the concepts of standard and ownership of English, Thai English and the role of native vs. non-native English speaking teachers. Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents were ambivalent about WEs, although they still prized British and American English as most desirable. However, Thai English was perceived as undesirable, although they did not mind whether Thais may speak English with the Thai accent. Implications for classroom teaching and future research are provided.</p>

scholarly journals Different cultures, similar daydream addiction? An examination of the cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirit Soffer-Dudek ◽  
Eli Somer ◽  
Hisham M. Abu-Rayya ◽  
Barış Metin ◽  
Adriano Schimmenti
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Configural Invariance ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Maladaptive Daydreaming

AbstractBackground and aimsMaladaptive Daydreaming (MD) is a proposed mental disorder, in which absorption in rich, narrative fantasy becomes addictive and compulsive, resulting in emotional, social, vocational, or academic dysfunction. Most studies on MD were carried out on aggregated international samples, using translated versions of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS-16). However, it is unknown whether the properties of MD are affected by culture. Thus, we investigated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the MDS-16.MethodsWe recruited both individuals self-identified as suffering from MD and non-clinical community participants from four countries: the USA, Italy, Turkey, and the UK (N = 1,081).ResultsConfigural invariance was shown, suggesting that the hypothesized four-factor structure of the MDS-16 (including Yearning, Impairment, Kinesthesia, and Music) holds across cultures. Metric invariance was shown for Impairment, Kinesthesia, and Music, but not for Yearning, suggesting that the psychological meaning of the latter factor may be understood differently across cultures. Scalar invariance was not found, as MD levels were higher in the USA and UK, probably due to the over-representation of English-speaking members of MD communities, who volunteered for the study.Discussion and conclusionsWe conclude that the urge to be absorbed in daydreaming and the fantasies’ comforting and addictive properties may have different meanings across countries, but the interference of MD to one’s daily life and its obstruction of long-term goals may be the central defining factor of MD.

scholarly journals International differences in understanding recovery: systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Slade ◽  
M. Leamy ◽  
F. Bacon ◽  
M. Janosik ◽  
C. Le Boutillier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Key Recovery ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Uk

Aims.Mental health policy internationally varies in its support for recovery. The aims of this study were to validate an existing conceptual framework and then characterise by country the distribution, scientific foundations and emphasis in published recovery conceptualisations.Methods.Update and modification of a previously published systematic review and narrative synthesis of recovery conceptualisations published in English.Results.A total of 7431 studies were identified and 429 full papers reviewed, from which 105 conceptualisations in 115 papers were included and quality assessed using established rating scales. Recovery conceptualisations were identified from 11 individual countries, with 95 (91%) published in English-speaking countries, primarily the USA (47%) and the UK (25%). The scientific foundation was primarily qualitative research (53%), non-systematic literature reviews (24%) and position papers (12%). The conceptual framework was validated with the 18 new papers. Across the different countries, there was a relatively similar distribution of codings for each of five key recovery processes.Conclusions.Recovery as currently conceptualised in English-language publications is primarily based on qualitative studies and position papers from English-speaking countries. The conceptual framework was valid, but the development of recovery conceptualisations using a broader range of research designs within other cultures and non-majority populations is a research priority.

scholarly journals Does the Addition of Non-Approved Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for rtPA Impact Treatment Rates? Findings in Australia, the UK, and the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise E. Craig ◽  
Sandy Middleton ◽  
Helen Hamilton ◽  
Fern Cudlip ◽  
Victoria Swatzell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Uk

Background: Strict criteria for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) eligibility are stipulated on licences for use in ischaemic stroke; however, practitioners may also add non-standard rtPA criteria. We examined eligibility criteria variation in 3 English-speaking countries including use of non-standard criteria, in relation to rtPA treatment rates. Methods: Surveys were mailed to 566 eligible hospitals in Australia (AUS), the UK, and the USA. Criteria were pre-classified as standard (approved indication and contraindications) or non-standard (approved warning or researcher “decoy”). Percentage for criterion selection was calculated/compared; linear regression was used to assess the association between use of non-standard criteria and rtPA treatment rates, and to identify factors associated with addition of non-standard criteria. Results: Response rates were 74% AUS, 65% UK, and 68% USA; mean rtPA treatment rates were 8.7% AUS, 12.7% UK, and 8.7% USA. Median percentage of non-standard inclusions was 33% (all 3 countries) and included National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores > 4, computed tomography (CT) angiography documented occlusion, and favourable CT perfusion. Median percentage of non-standard exclusions was 25% AUS, 28% UK, and 60% USA, and included depressed consciousness, NIHSS > 25, and use of antihypertensive infusions. No AUS or UK sites selected 100% of standard exclusions. Conclusions: Non-standard criteria for rtPA eligibility were evident in all three countries and could, in part, explain comparably low use of rtPA. Differences in the use of standard criteria may signify practitioner intolerance for those derived from original efficacy studies that are no longer relevant.

scholarly journals Gender differences in citation impact for 27 fields and six English-speaking countries 1996–2014

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Mike Thelwall
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Citation Impact ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Author Citation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Article Citation ◽  
Citation Advantage

Initiatives addressing the lack of women in many academic fields, and the general lack of senior women, need to be informed about the causes of any gender differences that may affect career progression, including citation impact. Previous research about gender differences in journal article citation impact has found the direction of any difference to vary by country and field, but has usually avoided discussions of the magnitude and wider significance of any differences and has not been systematic in terms of fields and/or time. This study investigates differences in citation impact between male and female first-authored research for 27 broad fields and six large English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA) from 1996 to 2014. The results show an overall female first author citation advantage, although in most broad fields it is reversed in all countries for some years. International differences include Medicine having a female first author citation advantage for all years in Australia, but a male citation advantage for most years in Canada. There was no general trend for the gender difference to increase or decrease over time. The average effect size is small, however, and unlikely to have a substantial influence on overall gender differences in researcher careers.

Prosumption: bibliometric analysis using HistCite and VOSviewer

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hamad Hassan Shah ◽  
Shen Lei ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Dmitrii Doronin ◽  
Syed Talib Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Bibliographic Coupling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ranking Journal

Purpose Over the past decade, the term prosumption (denoting simultaneous consumption and production) has exhibited a dramatic increase in frequency of use in publications in the social sciences and business studies. This paper aims to explore the current state of research into prosumption, particularly related to marketing. Design/methodology/approach This study systematically reviews papers on prosumption extracted from the Web of Science, using two bibliometric analyses on 20 years of data: citation counts from HistCite and bibliographic coupling and cartography analysis from the visualization of similarities software VOSviewer. A total of 75 papers on prosumption were found from the period 1997-2017, and the most influential authors, articles, journals, institutions and countries among these were determined. Furthermore, bibliographic coupling and most co-occurrent keywords in the title, keywords and abstracts were found. Findings This study found that the USA and the UK were the most influential among prosumption publications. Ritzer was the most prominent author and Journal of Consumer Culture was the top-ranking journal. Three clusters were found using bibliographic coupling and cartography analysis: prosumer and co-creation, prosumer and user-generated content and prosumer and informational capital. Research limitations/implications This analysis provided a basis for conceptualizing publications on prosumption related to business and sociology in the discipline of marketing. Content analysis found that prosumption research in marketing is in early stages: little quantitative study has been conducted yet. Researchers have not yet constructed a quantitative measure for prosumption. Practical implications Business firms can engage prosumers to gain market share and competitive advantage, especially relative to value co-creation, with near-zero marginal cost. Originality/value This may be the first bibliometric analysis and systematic review of prosumption research in marketing studies. The achievements of this paper open new avenues for other prosumption researchers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document