A Propos des Noms D'instruments

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-323
Author(s):  
Anne Poncet-Montange
Keyword(s):  
Selectional Restrictions ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Adverbial Phrase ◽  
Sufficient Precision

In this article, we attempt to find syntactic properties that might characterize instrumental nouns, i.e. nouns denoting a tool or a machine. We examine a number of properties, both distributional and transformational, that have traditionally been associated with instrumental nouns and demonstrate that those properties are neither specific to instrumentals nor common to all instrumentals. Such nouns, which typically appear in adverbial phrases, also raise the question of selectional restrictions between the verb, object and adverbial phrase in a sentence. Certain syntactic constructions help decide whether an instrumental adverb is semantically appropriate to the verb, but not with sufficient precision.

Conciliating States and Locations: Towards a More Comprehensive and In- Depth Account of the Spanish Copula Estar

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Eugenia Mangialavori
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Selectional Restrictions ◽  
Complementary Distribution ◽  
Spatial Domains ◽  
Structural Analogy ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Copular Clauses

AbstractThe case of estar may reveal how different proposals of study have failed to grasp grammatically relevant semantic features shared by its occurrences. The results of this study indicate that an integrative analysis of estar clauses would account not only for the consistent lexical properties observed - comprising (a)analogous lexical-syntactic structure predicting possible copular complements, (b)analogous selectional restrictions and (c)interpretative effects -, but also for the complementary distribution of two aspectually nontrivial verbal alternations (ser / estar and estar / haber). Our proposal lays on the standard syntactic structure of copular clauses - assumed to embrace locative clauses, against what traditional Spanish grammar suggests - in combination with (i) the structural analogy between estar’s alternative complements (APs and PPs) and (ii) the understanding of states as abstract spatial domains (be at). Thus, the eventual differences between clauses like ‘estoy triste’ and ‘estoy en casa’ could be accounted for by virtue of the semantic / syntactic properties of the lexical head selected.

Zur Syntax hypothetischer Vergleichssätze im Deutschen

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bücking
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Selectional Restrictions ◽  
Free Relative ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Basic Semantic ◽  
As If

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the syntactic properties of hypothetical comparison clauses (¼ HCCs) in German. These are introduced either by als (‘as’) or wie (‘how’); for example, Ben fährt Rad, {als wenn er betrunken wäre / als ob er betrunken wäre / als wäre er betrunken / wie wenn er betrunken wäre} (‘Ben is cycling as if he were drunk’). I argue that als in als-HCCs contributes a prepositional C-head that involves idiosyncratic selectional restrictions regarding the embedded conditional clause. HCCs with wie, by contrast, are treated as by and large ordinary free relative clauses; what sets them apart from other free relative clauses is that their initial wh-phrase is extracted from an empty VP, which is licensed by the explicit conditional antecedent. The proposed analyses are backed up by evidence from the following sources: (i) the behavior of HCCs with regard to diagnostics for (dis) integration/subordination as opposed to coordination, (ii) basic semantic properties of HCCs, and (iii) structural contrasts between HCCs introduced by als and HCCs introduced by wie. I spell out the proposals in terms of Sternefeld’s (2006) featuredriven lexicalist syntax model.

Sentence Repetition: A Clinical Marker for Developmental Language Disorder in Danish

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4450-4463
Author(s):  
Rikke Vang Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Clinical Marker ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Good Identification ◽  
Syntactic Properties

Purpose The aim of the study was to explore the potential of performance on a Danish sentence repetition (SR) task—including specific morphological and syntactic properties—to identify difficulties in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) relative to typically developing (TD) children. Furthermore, the potential of the task as a clinical marker for Danish DLD was explored. Method SR performance of children with DLD aged 5;10–14;1 (years;months; n = 27) and TD children aged 5;3–13;4 ( n = 87) was investigated. Results Compared to TD same-age peers, children with DLD were less likely to repeat the sentences accurately but more likely to make ungrammatical errors with respect to verb inflection and use of determiners and personal pronouns. Younger children with DLD also produced more word order errors that their TD peers. Furthermore, older children with DLD performed less accurately than younger TD peers, indicating that the SR task taps into morphosyntactic areas of particular difficulty for Danish children with DLD. The classification accuracy associated with SR performance showed high levels of sensitivity and specificity (> 90%) and likelihood ratios indicating good identification potential for clinical and future research purposes. Conclusion SR performance has a strong potential for identifying children with DLD, also in Danish, and with a carefully designed SR task, performance has potential for revealing morphosyntactic difficulties. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10314437

The Impact of Quantitative Easing on Emerging Markets – Literature Review

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Piotr Bartkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sufficient Precision

AbstractThe article presents the results of the review of the empirical literature regarding the impact of quantitative easing (QE) on emerging markets (EMs). The subject is of interest to policymakers and researchers due to the increasingly larger role of EMs in the world economy and the large-scale capital flows occurring after 2009. The review is conducted in a systematic manner and takes into consideration different methodological choices, samples and measurement issues. The paper puts the summarized results in the context of transmission channels identified in the literature. There are few distinct methodological approaches present in the literature. While there is a consensus regarding the direction of the impact of QE on EMs, its size and durability have not yet been assessed with sufficient precision. In addition, there are clear gaps in the empirical findings, not least related to relative underrepresentation of the CEE region (in particular, Poland).

Focus Position for Stripping Remnant

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Al Zahrani ◽  
Khulud Helal Al Thagafi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Focus Position ◽  
Focus Movement ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Pf Deletion ◽  
Minimalist Framework

The current paper examines the syntactic properties of HA stripping: a type of ellipsis. Within the Minimalist framework, the paper adopts the PF-Deletion approach to show that stripping in HA is derived firstly by the movement of the remnant constituent from TP to Focus Position (FP), and, secondly, by the deletion of the TP. These two operations are licensed by the Ellipsis feature (E) located in the focus head F°. Thus, on the one hand, the paper contributes to the existing body of literature supporting the hotly-debated issues on the movement of the stripping remnants, and on the other, enriches the very minimal HA studies on ellipsis. The findings show that HA stripped constituents must move to Spec, FP, before the TP- deletion process. Two pieces of evidence in support of the focus movement to FP spring from Island sensitivity and p-stranding facts in HA.

Validation of A Simple HPLC-UV Method For the Quantification of Andrographolide in Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (Snedds) For Dissolution Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syukri Y ◽  
Afetma D. W. ◽  
Sirin M. ◽  
Fajri R. ◽  
Ningrum A. D. K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Dissolution Medium ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Sufficient Precision

This research aim to validation of a simple, rapid and accurate HPLC-UV method for the quantification of andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata Ness in Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) formulation during the dissolution test. The assay was performed using a XTerra® MS C18 column (150 mm X 4.6 mm, five μm) with a mobile phase of methanol and water (70: 30), at 0.8 mL/min flow rate and UV detection of 229 nm. Simulation gastric fluid (SGF) and intestinal fluid (SIF) were prepared as dissolution medium. The validation parameter was conducted including the test on linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. The result showed an excellent linearity with r = 0.999 and good selectivity for both medium dissolution. The method showed sufficient precision, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) smaller than % Horwitz. The accuracy reported as % recovery was found to be 102.61 and 101.17 % in each SGF and SIF dissolution medium. LOD and LOQ were found 0.46 and 1.40 in SGF medium, 0.87 and 2.64 in SIF medium. In conclusion, the HPLC method developed showed specificity and selectivity with linearity in the working range, good precision and accuracy and suitable for quantification andrographolide in SNEDDS formulation.

Overview

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haspelmath
Keyword(s):  
Functional Variation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Typological Approach ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

This book examines the connections between the formal and functional (semantic and syntactic) properties of indefinite pronouns. It considers the main theoretical debates surrounding the semantic and syntactic properties of indefinite pronouns as well as the diachronic sources of the markers of indefinite pronouns. It describes the new generalizations that emerge from the typological and diachronic research and provides explanations. It also outlines the goals and methods of the typological approach, focusing on the important preconditions for typology such as the availability of data from a variety of languages. Other topics covered by the book include the space of formal and functional variation found in indefinite pronouns, implicational universals, theoretical approaches to the functions of indefinite pronouns such as the tradition of structuralist semantics, the grammaticalization of indefinite pronouns, further sources of indefinite pronouns that cannot be easily subsumed under grammaticalization, and the cross-linguistic patterning of negative indefinite pronouns.

Commands in Wolaitta

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeb Amha
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Type ◽  
Positive Polarity ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Leave Taking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Syntactic Properties

This chapter examines expressions of commands (imperatives) in Wolaitta and the ways in which the imperative is distinguished from statements and questions. Although each sentence type is formally distinct, imperatives and questions share a number of morpho-syntactic properties. Similar to declarative and interrogative sentences, imperatives in Wolaitta involve verbal grammatical categories such as the distinction of person, number, and gender of the subject as well as negative and positive polarity. In contrast to previous studies, the present contribution establishes the function of a set of morphemes based on -árk and -érk to be the expression of plea or appeal to an addressee rather than politeness when issuing a command. Instead, politeness in commands is expressed by using plural (pro)nominal and verbal elements. The imperative in Wolaitta is a robust construction which is also used in formulaic speeches such as leave-taking as well as in blessing, curses, and advice.

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