scholarly journals Editing and genre conflict

Pragmatics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk Pander Maat
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
The Press ◽  
Positive Statements ◽  
Press Report ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Although corporate press releases are ‘preformulated’ to fit some of the conventions of journalistic reports, their style at times seems quite different from the one favoured by journalists. That is, there appear to exist stylistic conflicts between the press release genre and the press report genre. This study investigates the nature of these conflicts by means of a corpus analysis of the reworking strategies employed by journalists that actually use press releases to compose press reports. Roughly, two orientations can be discerned behind the journalistic transformations of release copy: Readability and neutrality. In order to improve readability, journalists create shorter and less complex sentences, use everyday words, replace numbers and symbols by words, and insert short bits of background information. In order to preserve neutrality, they remove company and product names, tone down or remove positive statements, and introduce the company as source for statements they do not want to be responsible for. Some transformations are more complex in that they are carried out in both directions: For instance, the company name may be removed as the subject in a press report sentence, but in other cases it may be introduced in the press report. These two-way operations are shown to be sensitive to different orientations at the same time. For instance, removing company names from the subject position may help preserve neutrality, while introducing it may personalize the text and hence improve readability. In the discussion, the genre conflict between press releases and press reports is analyzed in terms of the incompatibility of the stylistic constraints both genres need to satisfy. Some of the incompatibilities derive from differences in the communicative purposes characteristic of the two genres, while others probably have to do with the specific organizational context that co-determines the style of press releases.

The Fugitive and the Forum

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
Jorge Luis Borges ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

I, the one that is me, am the one who is at the centre of all this. In his discussions of the multiplicity of I, Pessoa has shown, though, that this state is not a stable one, that the one that I am is not static and single but, with each new heteronym assumed, another I becomes me. Pessoa describes the phenomenology in one of his most famous, and most autobiographical, poems—the poem he calls his ‘Autopsychography’. The phenomenology is that of the fugitive. The fugitive is the one who, in sustaining a multiplicity of heteronymic identities, feels nothing but estrangement, an emptiness of personality. Estrangement consists not in disidentification with any of the heteronyms but rather in merely contingent identification with each and every one. Jorge Luis Borges provides a fine depiction of fugitive phenomenology in his story Everything and Nothing. The phenomenology of the fugitive is that of introspective attention, an impartial analysis of the multiplicity of the inner lives which are one’s own. The subject position as such is rightly conceptualized as a meeting place, a forum, for them all.

scholarly journals Lexical Variants of Fixed Word Combinations in Political-Social Press Releases

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (26) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Joanna Bryła-Lech
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Fixed word combinations and their modifications are frequently used by journalists in press releases of a political and/or social profile. Analyzing the source material gathered from “Gazeta Wyborcza” in 2001, I found many lexical variants of phrasemes and proverbs.The most interesting modifications appeared in the headlines. This article describes a few such examples.Fixed word combinations make it easier for senders of political-social announcements to express their thoughts indirectly. They can be used to convey irony, mockery, or aversion towards a person or the subject of the statement in a veiled way. The proper understanding (i.e., in accordance with the sender’s intentions) of such a constructed announcement often requires some intellectual effort from the reader. It is a kind of game. Interpreting the metaphorical sense causes a relationship to form between the participants of the communicative process.Changeable modifications appear as a result of the replacement of one component by a different word, which from the sender’s point of view is more attractive than the one in the base form (Bąba 1989, p. 54). This leads to the appearance of so-called lexical variants. Most frequently, these units are not fixed in the Polish language, but are created especially for the needs of a certain text. They enable the meaning of a phraseme or proverb to be matched to the content of the article, which constitutes the context of its usage. They usually narrow the meaning.The modified phrasemes and proverbs attract the reader’s attention, convincing him of the sender’s views. The language of politics and the media is the language of manipulation and persuasion. Fixed word combinations are very important language devices that facilitate an effective influence on the reader/receiver.

The Position of the Insurance Press in relation to Insurance Offices and Insurance Interests

1881 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Cornelius Walford
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

I think the time has arrived when the subject indicated in the title of this paper may be fairly and fully considered. It is certainly one which must frequently have presented itself to the managerial mind; and there can be no reason why this question should not be discussed with as much philosophic calmness as any of the many theoretical problems, or points in practice, which continually present themselves for reflection, and perchance for decision.The point may indeed arise—whether I am the proper person to introduce the topic. I take the individual responsibility of deciding in the affirmative. I have, on the one hand, been as frequently assailed by the insurance press, as any one, and, on the other, received as much kindness and friendly recognition as any man can desire, and more than I claim to deserve. It may be that in either case the extreme has been reached, or passed. I have the advantage of having been a writer upon the press, insurance and general, from the days of my youth, and I say at once that my sympathies are largely on that side. But I think that the familiarity which draws me to the side of its virtues, also renders me, at least in some degree, cognizant of its short-comings. I have the further advantage of having been on various occasions consulted by managers on the one hand, and by editors on the other, upon the points which I now proceed to discuss.

scholarly journals Zum Auftritt der Figur 'Professor' in Berufungsverfahren

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
Status Position

The contribution discusses the casting and performance of the character 'a professor'. In contrast to other academic characters such as 'an author' or 'a colleague', the character 'professor' is embedded in the organizational context of the university. Going beyond an understanding of 'professor' as a mere status position, the contribution proceeds from an understanding of the 'professor' as a subject position with specific rights, duties and expectations towards it. Drawing on archived files of appointment procedures, the contribution examines the casting and performance of the subject position 'a professor'.

scholarly journals (Black) Non-Analysis: From the Restrained Unconscious to the Generalized Unconscious

Labyrinth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Nicholas Eppert
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Social Death ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Opening Up

This paper is a contribution to the ongoing studies revolving around the fields of Afro-Pessimism and Non-Philosophy. It is focused mostly on a short essay that Francois Laruelle wrote in 1989 called "The Concept of Generalized Analysis or 'Non-Analysis" that eventually became part of a larger work called Theorie des Etrangers, while also drawing on the latter for support. The focus is set not in terms of exegesis or commentary but in tandem with the work of Frank Wilderson III to borrow from both of their works and formulate a move from the "White restrained Unconscious" to the "(Black) generalized Unconscious". In the first section I articulate Laruelle and Wilderson's critiques of the common-sense image of the Unconscious. And in the second section I make the move from the White restrained Unconscious to the (Black) generalized Unconscious by arguing that the former is embedded within a metaphysical sovereignty of desires that excludes (Black) desires. The "White restrained Unconscious" is constituted by what Laruelle calls a "half loss" or a loss which loses itself. For this reason the (Black) generalized Unconscious cannot appear within it, for it is an absolute loss, or what Laruelle calls the Joui-sans-Jouissance. The White generalized Unconsicous blocks (Black) loss out by a transference mechanism. The opening up of the White restrained Unconscious to the (Black) generalized Unconscious which is its Identity in the last instance can only be done by "ending the World". Using Jared Sexton's notion of the "social life of social death" I show that this desire to end the world allows for a seeing from perspective of the "One" which is the subject position of the (Black) Non-Analyst and allows for a dualysis of the desires of the White restrained Unconscious.  

scholarly journals O ENCONTRO ENTRE SUBJETIVIDADE E ALTERIDADE NA CRÍTICA DAS PRÁTICAS JORNALÍSTICAS: aproximações de pesquisa

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Marcia Veiga da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Epistemology ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Postdoctoral Research ◽  
The One

A partir do livro O nascimento de Joicy, de Fabiana Moraes, inicio as aproximações com a autora como possível interlocutora de minha pesquisa de pós-doutorado, que enseja conhecer práticas jornalísticas mais afeitas a alteridade. Entre os desafios dessa aproximação está o de relacionar o livro com as práticas jornalísticas compreendidas como Os novos jornalismos investigativos (NEVEU, 2016), bem como com as características que delimitam o conceito de Livro de repórter (MAROCCO, 2010). Outro desafio é o de refletir sobre as descrições da jornalista sobre suas práticas como um deslocamento do modo de objetivação jornalística circunscrita num tipo de autorialidade individual, nos termos de Ringoot e Marocco (2015). Considerando também a posição de sujeito da jornalista por um viés de gênero, faço uma leitura da reflexividade sobre as práticas, proposta pela autora, a partir da epistemologia feminista.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Práticas jornalísticas; alteridade; livro de repórter; subjetividade.     ABSTRACT From the book “O nascimento de Joicy”, by Fabiana Moraes, I begin approaching the author as a possible interlocutor of my postdoctoral research, which hopes to acknowledge journalistic practices more associated with otherness. Among the challenges of this approaching is the one of relating the book with the journalistic practices comprehended as the new investigative journalism, and also the characteristics that delimit the concept of a reporter's book. Another challenge is to reflect about the journalist's descriptions about her practices as a displacement of the circumscribed way of journalistic objectification in a kind of individual authoriality, on the terms of Ringoot e Marocco (2015). Considering also the subject position of the journalist in a gender view, I made a reading of the reflexivity about the practices, proposed by the author, based on the feminist epistemology.   KEYWORDS: Journalistic practices; otherness; reporter's book; subjectivity.     RESUMEN A partir del libro O nascimento de Joicy, de Fabiana Moraes, empecé las aproximaciones con la autora como posible interlocutora de mi investigación postdoctoral, que pretende conocer las prácticas periodísticas más afectas à la alteridad. Entre los desafíos de la aproximación está el de relacionar el libro con las prácticas periodísticas comprendidas como Os novos jornalismos investigativos (NEVEU, 2016), así como con las características que delimitan el concepto de “Libro de reportero” (MAROCCO, 2010). Otro desafío es el de reflexionar sobre las descripciones de la periodista sobre sus prácticas como un desplazamiento del modo de objetivación periodística circunscrita en un tipo de autorialidad individual, en los términos de Ringoot y Marocco (2015). Considerando también la posición del sujeto periodista por un bies de género, hago una lectura de reflexividad sobre las prácticas, propuesta por la autora, desde la epistemología feminista   PALABRAS-CLAVE: Crítica de la práctica periodística; alteridad; libro de reportero; subjetividad.

scholarly journals Ultimate attainment of anaphora resolution in L2 Chinese

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Xia Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Judgment Task ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
L2 Chinese ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Null Element ◽  
External Interface ◽  
Discourse Interface

The current study tests the Interface Hypothesis through forward and backward anaphora in complex sentences with temporal subordinate clauses in highly proficient English-speaking learners’ second-language (L2) Chinese. Forward anaphora is involved when the overt pronoun ta ‘he/she’ or a null element appears in the subject position of the main clause, whereas backward anaphora is involved when it is in the subject position of the temporal clause, because the main clause always follows the temporal clause in Chinese. Specifically, the article tests the syntactic and discourse constraints in the interpretation and representation of ta and the null element in complex sentences. Ta is constrained by the syntactic cyclic-c-command condition. Thus it is possible for ta to refer to the other sentential subject in forward anaphora, but not in backward anaphora in Chinese. Unlike English, Chinese allows a null element in subject positions of finite subordinate and main clauses. It is proposed in the article that the null element in these positions is a Øtopic, a syntax–discourse interface category. Results from an acceptability judgement task and a picture judgment task indicate that Øtopic at the external interface has been acquired, whereas the cyclic-c-command condition within narrow syntax is fossilized in L2 Chinese.

scholarly journals Existential and locative constructions in Mandarin Chinese

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-267
Author(s):  
Waltraud Paul ◽  
Yaqiao Lu ◽  
Thomas Hun-tak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Existential Sentences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Locative Inversion ◽  
Existential Construction ◽  
Source Structure

AbstractDespite previous studies (cf. among others Huang 1987. Existential sentences in Chinese and (in)definiteness. In Eric J. Reuland & Alice G.B. Ter Meulen (eds.), The representation of (In)definiteness, 226–253. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; Li, Yen-Hui Audrey. 1990. Order and constituency in Mandarin Chinese. Dordrecht: Kluwer; Li, Yen-Hui Audrey. 1998. Two types of existential sentences. Illinois Papers in Linguistics 26. 175–191; Pan, Haihua. 1996. Imperfective aspect zhe, agent deletion, and locative inversion in Mandarin Chinese. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 14(2). 409–432), the defining characteristics of existential sentences in Chinese (including potential equivalents of locative inversion in English) have remained controversial. This is shown to be due to the failure to acknowledge the existence of two different constructions, the existential construction (ExC) ‘Ø V DP’ where a sentence-initial phrase indicating location (PlaceP) is not required, on the one hand, and the locative construction (LoC) with an obligatory PlaceP, on the other: ‘PlaceP V DP’. Only the ExC can serve as a diagnostic context for unaccusative verbs, whereas the LoC allows for a wide range of verbs, including a subset of unergative verbs. Furthermore, two types of LoC need to be distinguished, depending on the type of aspect (perfective aspect -le vs imperfective aspect -zhe), giving rise to different semantics. Both have, however, in common that the PlaceP occupies the subject position (SpecTP), not the topic position, and that it is merged in SpecTP, not moved there, as evidenced by the systematic lack of a corresponding source structure with the PlaceP in postverbal position.

Notes on the history of reciprocal NP-strategies in Semitic languages in a typological perspective

Diachronica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elitzur A. Bar-Asher Siegal
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Argument Position ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
European Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Among Semitic reciprocal constructions, a division is seen between two types: 1) two-unit constructions, with two components, each filling a different argument position of the verb, and 2) one-unit constructions, with an anaphora that co-refers with the subject (that must be plural) and occupies only the non-subject position required by the verb. The goal of this paper is to explain how these constructions developed, specifically: 1) how did the various types of two-unit constructions evolve? and 2) could diachronic chains be identified in order to explain the development of the one-unit constructions from the two-unit constructions? Previous work on question (1) focuses on the range of phrases that tend to develop into reciprocal markers. Such accounts, however, do not explain how these constructions developed the specific meanings they have. I argue that consideration of the semantics of these constructions is crucial for understanding their evolution. Instead of ‘reciprocal constructions’ it is better to see them as denoting ‘unspecified relations’. As for (2), various attempts have been made to explain such processes focusing on Indo-European languages, which do not capture the Semitic developments; therefore I propose an alternative hypothesis, according to which the one-unit constructions result from a reanalysis of the two-unit constructions.

scholarly journals Indeterminação do sujeito no português brasileiro: o pessoal tá inventando moda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Quarezemin ◽  
Gabriel Fuchsberger
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

This paper describes and analyses a new strategy of subject indetermination in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). The new strategy presents generic noun phrases, such as tu/você (‘you’), a gente (‘we’), o cara (‘the guy’), a pessoa (‘the person’), etc., in the subject position without an explicit referent. We argue that the type of sentence addressed in this study is devoid of referentiality. Its emergence seems to have to do with the fall of the clitic se, on the one hand, and with the need to fill the pre-verbal position, on the other.

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