scholarly journals Corpus analysis and conceptual relation patterns

Terminology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Condamines
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Conceptual Relation ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the notion of “conceptual relation pattern” via corpus analysis experiments. On the basis of this bottom-up approach, three major points are discussed. First the degree of dependency between conceptual relation patterns and corpus is examined. This dependency may range from insignificant to complete; it may also be related to corpus genre. Then, the limits of a purely binary conception of relations are examined through the description of patterns taking into account argument structure. Finally, an example in which application may influence pattern choice is presented. Some generally admitted classical assumptions are discussed and revisited under the light of empirical results.

scholarly journals Commentary on Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale by Court B. Cutting

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Tilo Hähnel
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Blues Music ◽  
Target Paper ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Empirical Investigations

This commentary discusses the target paper Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale by Court B. Cutting. Overall, the paper is an interesting and very valuable attempt to shed light on the intonation practice of blue notes in traditional blues music, using an empirical approach which is based in modern acoustic measurements. While the approach and empirical results presented in the target paper undoubtedly have their merits, the paper nonetheless raises some methodological and conceptual questions, leading to some further thoughts that are discussed in this commentary. The issues raised in this commentary might serve as guidance for future empirical investigations into the nature and usage of blue notes.

Soul searching and heart throbbing for biological modeling

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Young ◽  
Chi-Sang Poon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Models ◽  
Biological Modeling ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Biological Structures ◽  
Specific Implementation ◽  
Shed Light

Biological models are useful not only because they can simulate biological behaviors, but because they may shed light on the inner workings of complex biological structures and functions as deduced by top-down and/or bottom-up reasoning. Beyond the stylistic appeal of specific implementation methods, a model should be appraised according to its ability to bring out the underlying organizing and operating principles – which are truly the model's heart and soul.

Morphology and Argument Alternations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malka Rappaport Hovav
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Causative Alternation ◽  
Dative Alternation ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Argument Realization ◽  
Morphologically Rich Languages ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Theories of argument realization typically associate verbs with an argument structure and provide algorithms for the mapping of argument structure to morphosyntactic realization. A major challenge to such theories comes from the fact that most verbs have more than one option for argument realization. Sometimes a particular range of realization options for a verb is systematic in that it is consistently available to a relatively well-defined class of verbs; it is then considered to be one of a set of recognized argument alternations. Often—but not always—these argument alternations are associated morphological marking. An examination of cross-linguistic patterns of morphology associated with the causative alternation and the dative alternation reveals that the alternation is not directly encoded in the morphology. For both alternations, understanding the morphological patterns requires an understanding of the interaction between the semantics of the verb and the construction the verb is integrated into. Strikingly, similar interactions between the verb and the construction are found in languages that do not mark the alternations morphologically, and the patterns of morphological marking in morphologically rich languages can shed light on the appropriate analysis of the alternations in languages that do not mark the alternations morphologically.

The syntax of argument structure: Evidence from Italian complex predicates

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFFAELLA FOLLI ◽  
HEIDI HARLEY
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Light Verbs ◽  
Light Verb ◽  
Syntactic Approach ◽  
The Subject

This paper provides an analysis of Italian complex predicates formed by combining a feminine nominalization in -ata and one of three light verbs: fare ‘make’, dare ‘give’ and prendere ‘take’. We show that the constraints governing the choice of light verb follow from a syntactic approach to argument structure, and that several interpretive differences between complex and simplex predicates formed from the same verb root can be accounted for in a compositional, bottom–up approach. These differences include variation in creation vs. affected interpretations of Theme objects, implications concerning the size of the event described, the (un)availability of a passive alternant, and the agentivity or lack thereof of the subject argument.

scholarly journals The time-varying causal relationship between the Bitcoin market and internet attention

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Fengbin Lu ◽  
Rui Tao ◽  
Shouyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Investor Attention ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe increasing attention on Bitcoin since 2013 prompts the issue of possible evidence for a causal relationship between the Bitcoin market and internet attention. Taking the Google search volume index as the measure of internet attention, time-varying Granger causality between the global Bitcoin market and internet attention is examined. Empirical results show a strong Granger causal relationship between internet attention and trading volume. Moreover, they indicate, beginning in early 2018, an even stronger impact of trading volume on internet attention, which is consistent with the rapid increase in Bitcoin users following the 2017 Bitcoin bubble. Although Bitcoin returns are found to strongly affect internet attention, internet attention only occasionally affects Bitcoin returns. Further investigation reveals that interactions between internet attention and returns can be amplified by extreme changes in prices, and internet attention is more likely to lead to returns during Bitcoin bubbles. These empirical findings shed light on cryptocurrency investor attention theory and imply trading strategy in Bitcoin markets.

scholarly journals Revisiting Dropout: Escaping Pressure for Training Neural Networks with Multiple Costs

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Sangmin Woo ◽  
Kangil Kim ◽  
Junhyug Noh ◽  
Jong-Hun Shin ◽  
Seung-Hoon Na
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Multiple Tasks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Shared Structure ◽  
Shed Light

A common approach to jointly learn multiple tasks with a shared structure is to optimize the model with a combined landscape of multiple sub-costs. However, gradients derived from each sub-cost often conflicts in cost plateaus, resulting in a subpar optimum. In this work, we shed light on such gradient conflict challenges and suggest a solution named Cost-Out, which randomly drops the sub-costs for each iteration. We provide the theoretical and empirical evidence of the existence of escaping pressure induced by the Cost-Out mechanism. While simple, the empirical results indicate that the proposed method can enhance the performance of multi-task learning problems, including two-digit image classification sampled from MNIST dataset and machine translation tasks for English from and to French, Spanish, and German WMT14 datasets.

scholarly journals The hidden side of adverbs

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignazio Mauro Mirto
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Manner Adverb ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
A Share ◽  
Sentence Adverbs

This paper will address the predicative nature of manner adverb(ial)s and of three types of sentence adverbs (subject-oriented, modal, and evaluative) in Italian. Predication often becomes overt by means of morphological correlates. Is it possible to find any such evidence with invariable adverbs? To unveil their predicative nature, a procedure will be suggested in which two sentences, one with a -mente adverb, the other with its cognate adjective (a) share the content morphemes (identity of the signifiant) and (b) entail each other (identity of the signifié as regards semantic roles). A number of such pairs will be discussed, examples of which include: Intelligentemente, Leo intervenne ‘Cleverly, Leo intervened’ and Leo fu intelligente a intervenire ‘Leo was clever to intervene’. We aim to ascertain if the argument structure of the adjective and the semantic role(s) which it assigns can shed light on the very same properties of the cognate adverb.

scholarly journals Tunnekausatiivilauseen argumenttirakenne II

Virittäjä ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saara Huhmarniemi
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Generative Syntax ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
Express Emotion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complement Clause ◽  
Embedded Clause ◽  
Finite Clause

Suomen tunnekausatiivilause muodostuu tunnetta ilmaisevasta verbistä, johon liittyy tyypillisesti partitiivimuotoinen kokija, aiheuttaja tai kumpikin. Aiheuttaja voi olla paitsi nominatiivimuotoinen NP myös lausemainen, kuten ­A-infinitiivi, kun-lause, että-lause tai alisteinen kysymyslause. Tämän artikkelin tavoitteena on osoittaa generatiivisen syntaksin työkaluja käyttäen, että A-infinitiivi ja että-lause sijoittuvat tunnekausatiivi­lauseen argumenttirakenteessa komplementti­positioon, kun taas aiheut­tajana toimiva kun-lause voi sijoittua joko adjunkti- tai komplementti­positioon. Lisäksi artikkelissa esitetään Suomi24-korpusaineiston perusteella, että tunne­kausatiivien luokittelu tunne- ja tuntemusverbeihin korreloi lausemaisen aiheuttaja-argumentin yleisyyden kanssa. Artikkeli on toinen osa kahden artikkelin sarjasta. Ensimmäisessä osassa esitettiin, että aiheuttajana toimiva NP asettuu rakenteessa tyypillisesti ylemmäs kuin kokija. Koska lausemainen aiheuttaja asettuu välttämättä komplementtiin ja alemmas kuin kokija, tunnekausatiivilauseen argumenttirakenne näyttää siis vaihtelevan ainakin aiheuttaja-­argumentin tyypin mukaan.   The argument structure of the Finnish experiencer construction II: An embedded clause as a causer argument This paper investigates the Finnish experiencer construction, which involves a psychological predicate and two optional arguments: the nominative causer and the partitive experiencer. The causer argument can be clausal, such as the A infinitive, the kun clause, a finite clause headed by the complementizer että, or an embedded interrogative clause. Mua    jännittää                      kertoa   tämä         sulle. (colloquial) I.par   excite.caus.pres.3sg   tell.inf   this.nom   you.to ‘I’m excited to tell you about this.’ The aim of this paper is to show within the framework of generative syntax that the A infinitive and the finite complement clause occupy the complement position in the experiencer construction, while the kun clause may occupy either the adjunct or complement position. The syntactic analysis is complemented with a corpus analysis of a corpus taken from the Suomi24 online messaging site. The comprehensive Finnish grammar divides experiencer verbs into two classes: those that express emotion and those that express sensation. The corpus analysis shows that verb type correlates with the frequency of a clausal causer. This article is the second in a series of two. The first article investigated constructions in which the causer argument was an NP. It demonstrated that the causer NP -occupies a higher position in the argument structure than the experiencer NP. In this -article, the author argues that a clausal causer occupies a lower position than the experiencer. This means that the experiencer construction has alternating argument structures for different types of causers.

scholarly journals Positivity effect in aging: Evidence for the primacy of positive responses to emotional ambiguity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Petro ◽  
Ruby Basyouni ◽  
Maital Neta
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractOlder compared to younger adults show greater amygdala activity to positive emotions, and are more likely to interpret emotionally ambiguous stimuli (e.g., surprised faces) as positive. While some evidence suggests this positivity effect results from a relatively slow, top-down mechanism, others suggest it emerges from early, bottom-up processing. The amygdala is a key node in rapid, bottom-up processing and patterns of amygdala activity over time (e.g., habituation) can shed light on the mechanisms underlying the positivity effect. Younger and older adults passively viewed neutral and surprised faces in an MRI. Only in older adults, we found that amygdala habituation was associated with the tendency to interpret surprised faces as positive or negative (valence bias), where a more positive bias was associated with greater habituation. Interestingly, although a positive bias in younger adults was associated with slower reaction times, consistent with an initial negativity hypothesis in younger adults, older adults showed faster ratings of positivity. Together, we propose that there may be a switch to a primacy of positivity in aging.

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