scholarly journals Commentary on Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale by Court B. Cutting

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Tilo Hähnel
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Blues Music ◽  
Target Paper ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Empirical Investigations

This commentary discusses the target paper Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale by Court B. Cutting. Overall, the paper is an interesting and very valuable attempt to shed light on the intonation practice of blue notes in traditional blues music, using an empirical approach which is based in modern acoustic measurements. While the approach and empirical results presented in the target paper undoubtedly have their merits, the paper nonetheless raises some methodological and conceptual questions, leading to some further thoughts that are discussed in this commentary. The issues raised in this commentary might serve as guidance for future empirical investigations into the nature and usage of blue notes.

scholarly journals The time-varying causal relationship between the Bitcoin market and internet attention

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Fengbin Lu ◽  
Rui Tao ◽  
Shouyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Investor Attention ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe increasing attention on Bitcoin since 2013 prompts the issue of possible evidence for a causal relationship between the Bitcoin market and internet attention. Taking the Google search volume index as the measure of internet attention, time-varying Granger causality between the global Bitcoin market and internet attention is examined. Empirical results show a strong Granger causal relationship between internet attention and trading volume. Moreover, they indicate, beginning in early 2018, an even stronger impact of trading volume on internet attention, which is consistent with the rapid increase in Bitcoin users following the 2017 Bitcoin bubble. Although Bitcoin returns are found to strongly affect internet attention, internet attention only occasionally affects Bitcoin returns. Further investigation reveals that interactions between internet attention and returns can be amplified by extreme changes in prices, and internet attention is more likely to lead to returns during Bitcoin bubbles. These empirical findings shed light on cryptocurrency investor attention theory and imply trading strategy in Bitcoin markets.

scholarly journals Revisiting Dropout: Escaping Pressure for Training Neural Networks with Multiple Costs

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Sangmin Woo ◽  
Kangil Kim ◽  
Junhyug Noh ◽  
Jong-Hun Shin ◽  
Seung-Hoon Na
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Multiple Tasks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Shared Structure ◽  
Shed Light

A common approach to jointly learn multiple tasks with a shared structure is to optimize the model with a combined landscape of multiple sub-costs. However, gradients derived from each sub-cost often conflicts in cost plateaus, resulting in a subpar optimum. In this work, we shed light on such gradient conflict challenges and suggest a solution named Cost-Out, which randomly drops the sub-costs for each iteration. We provide the theoretical and empirical evidence of the existence of escaping pressure induced by the Cost-Out mechanism. While simple, the empirical results indicate that the proposed method can enhance the performance of multi-task learning problems, including two-digit image classification sampled from MNIST dataset and machine translation tasks for English from and to French, Spanish, and German WMT14 datasets.

Constituency Size and the Growth of Public Expenditures: The Case of the United Kingdom

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
George S. Ford ◽  
Mark Thornton ◽  
Marc Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Economics ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Constituency Size ◽  
Empirical Investigations

Abstract The growth of government has long been a core issue of public economics with a vast array of hypotheses offered and empirical investigations conducted. One key element of this quest, with respect to democratic governments, has been the size of the legislature which is seen increasing, decreasing, or neutral with respect to the growth of government. We argue that the inconclusive empirical results are the result of a misspecification and that instead of legislature size, it is constituency size that matters and that the larger the constituency size, the more government grows because of poorer representation. We test this hypothesis using the case of the United Kingdom over the 20th century and find that constituency size is positively related to the growth of government.

Knowledge artifacts: the implications of incommensurable dimensions for their design

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
Carla Simone
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Empirical Investigations ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to overcome the confusion generated by a loose definition of the term knowledge artifact (KA) and its impacts on the design of technologies supporting their use. Design/methodology/approach The paper looks at the conceptual foundations underpinning the concept of KA that are related to the way in which knowledge is conceived, and revisits the outcomes of empirical investigations to shed light on different aspects of the use of KA in various settings. Findings The paper identifies a class of KAs and its role in relation to other classes of KAs, as it emerges from the empirical investigations. Research limitations/implications The focus is on documental artifacts that are, however, widely used in different domains and organizations. New empirical work is needed to consider other kinds of artifacts and their role in knowledge-intense activities. Practical implications The paper aims to drive the attention of the designer on phenomena that hinder the acceptance, appropriation and effectiveness of the technologies they design to support a crucial aspect of collaboration. Originality/value The paper is original in the following ways: first, documenting the interplay between a kind of KA that is poorly considered in the literature with other classes of KAs; second, highlighting a set of principles that should guide the construction of computational KAs of a different nature.

scholarly journals Corpus analysis and conceptual relation patterns

Terminology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Condamines
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Conceptual Relation ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the notion of “conceptual relation pattern” via corpus analysis experiments. On the basis of this bottom-up approach, three major points are discussed. First the degree of dependency between conceptual relation patterns and corpus is examined. This dependency may range from insignificant to complete; it may also be related to corpus genre. Then, the limits of a purely binary conception of relations are examined through the description of patterns taking into account argument structure. Finally, an example in which application may influence pattern choice is presented. Some generally admitted classical assumptions are discussed and revisited under the light of empirical results.

scholarly journals Językoznawstwo korpusowe. Empiryczne podejście w badaniach humanistycznych

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Adrian Zasina
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
National Corpus

Corpus linguistics. An empirical approach to humanities researchThe aim of the article is to shed light on the methodology of corpus research in the humanities, primarily in linguistics. Corpus linguistics emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s, focusing on electronic language corpora. Corpora are collections of various types of texts written and spoken gathered in a computer database which makes it possible to automatically search for text units in their natural context. There are various types of corpora depending on the type of study. The first corpora were compiled for the English language, although more and more languages are acquiring their national corpora, like the National Corpus of the Polish Language, the Czech National Corpus or the National Corpus of the Russian Language.

scholarly journals Agnostic Interactionism and Sensitizing Concepts in the 21st Century: Developing Shaffirian Theory-Work in Ethnographic Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kelly ◽  
Michael Adorjan
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Real World ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Empirical Investigations

In this paper, we reflect upon our experiences taking a graduate qualitative methodol­ogy course with Dr. William (Billy) Shaffir. We highlight Billy’s approach to ethnographic research and his declaration to “just do it.” Rather than just absorbing theoretical knowledge from the liter­ature, Billy taught us to be wary of the dangers of a prior theorization and how it can distort rather than shed light on empirical investigations. Despite his belief that sociological theory is far too often abstract and removed from real-world contexts, he nevertheless provided us with a latent theoreti­cal commitment to concept formation, modification, and testing in the field that guides our research to this day. We explore Shaffir’s agnostic and at times ironic approach to theory and demonstrate how his specific type of theory-work, derived from Everett Hughes’ and Howard Becker’s interac­tionist perspective on “people doing things together,” influenced how many of his students study occupations and organizations via sensitizing concepts. Billy managed to get us to think differently about how we theorize in the field and how to cultivate a playful and healthy skeptical attitude towards its application. This type of agnostic-interactionism does not dismiss theory outright, but is always vigilant and mindful of how easy it is for practitioners of theory to slip into obfuscation and reification. We conclude with a Shaffir inspired theory-work that argues for the continuing sig­nificance of an agnostic stance towards ethnographic and qualitative inquiry; one that continues to sensitize the researcher to generic social processes through which agency-structure is mediated and accomplished.   

Phonological redeployment and the mapping problem: Cross-linguistic E-similarity is the beginning of the story, not the end

2021 ◽  
pp. 026765832110664
Author(s):  
John Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Mapping Problem ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Phonological Learning ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Local Nature

In this research note I want to address some misunderstandings about the construct of redeployment and suggest that we need to fit these behavioural data from Yang, Chen and Xiao (YCX) into a broader context. I will suggest that these authors’ work is not just about the failure of three models to predict equivalence classification. Equivalence classification is not the end of the story but only the beginning. We need to look at what cues are detected in the input, which subset of the input becomes intake, and how this intake is parsed onto phonological structures. The empirical results of YCX should not be viewed as some sort of non-result inasmuch as none of the proposed predictors of Mandarin equivalence classification foresaw that the Russian prevoiced stops and short-lag stops would be equated with the Mandarin short-lag stops. Rather, the empirical results need to be contextualized by considering such factors as cue reweighting as part of the learning theory which maps intake onto phonological representations. In this light, the results are not a repudiation of phonological redeployment, but help to shed light on the parsing of the acoustic signal, the importance of robust burst-release cues, and the non-local nature of L2 phonological learning (as opposed to noticing).

Spatial integration in perception and cognition: An empirical approach to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
External World ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractEvidence for a dysfunction in cognitive coordination in schizophrenia is emerging, but it is not specific enough to prove (or disprove) this long-standing hypothesis. Many aspects of the external world are spatially mapped in the brain. A comprehensive internal representation relies on integration of information across space. Focus on spatial integration in the perceptual and cognitive processes will generate empirical data that shed light on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Optimal immune specificity at the intersection of host life history and parasite epidemiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Downie ◽  
A. Mayer ◽  
C. J. E. Metcalf ◽  
A. L. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
History Data ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Recognition And Response ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractEpidemiology and life history are commonly hypothesized to influence host immune strategy, and the pairwise relationships between immune strategy and each factor have been extensively investigated. But the interaction of these two is rarely considered, despite evidence that this interaction might produce emergent effects on optimal immune strategy. Here we investigate the confluence of epidemiology and life history as it affects immune strategy through a demographically-framed model of sensitivity and specificity in parasite recognition and response. We find that variation in several different life history traits associated with both reproduction and longevity alters optimal immune strategies – but the direction and magnitude of these effects depends on how epidemiological risks vary across life. Drawing on published life history data, we also find that our predictions apply across chordate taxa. Our results shed light on the complex interactions shaping immune strategy and may prove valuable in interpreting empirical results in ecoimmunology.

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