Chapter 4. Why we need to investigate casual speech to truly understand language production, processing and the mental lexicon

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Casual Speech

scholarly journals Why we need to investigate casual speech to truly understand language production, processing and the mental lexicon

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin V. Tucker ◽  
Mirjam Ernestus
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Real Progress ◽  
Casual Speech

The majority of studies addressing psycholinguistic questions focus on speech produced and processed in a careful, laboratory speech style. This ‘careful’ speech is very different from the speech that listeners encounter in casual conversations. This article argues that research on casual speech is necessary to show the validity of conclusions based on careful speech. Moreover, research on casual speech produces new insights and questions on the processes underlying communication and on the mental lexicon that cannot be revealed by research using careful speech. This article first places research on casual speech in its historic perspective. It then provides many examples of how casual speech differs from careful speech and shows that these differences may have important implications for psycholinguistic theories. Subsequently, the article discusses the challenges that research on casual speech faces, which stem from the high variability of this speech style, its necessary casual context, and that casual speech is connected speech. We also present opportunities for research on casual speech, mostly in the form of new experimental methods that facilitate research on connected speech. However, real progress can only be made if these new methods are combined with advanced (still to be developed) statistical techniques.

scholarly journals Left cytoarchitectonic area 44 supports selection in the mental lexicon during language production

2009 ◽  
Vol 213 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 441-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Heim ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Angela D. Friederici ◽  
Katrin Amunts
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Mental Lexicon

Components of the mental lexicon

1981 ◽  
Vol 295 (1077) ◽  
pp. 397-410 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Rule Out

This paper sets out to identify, in information-processing terms, the elementary functional components of the mental lexicon and their interrelations. In particular it is concerned with the independent status of lexical codes for written and spoken language, and their relations to each other and to a language-free cognitive representation. Our evidence is based on the performance of language transcoding tasks (such as reading aloud or writing to dictation) in brain-damaged adult subjects. We review evidence for the functional independence of non-linguistic, cognitive representations, and for word-specific, lexical codes in both phonological and orthographic form. The data rule out the hypothesis of a modality-free or abstract lexicon mediating communication between lexical and cognitive representations. The data also reject the dominance of phonological over orthographic codes in access to and from word meanings. We can find no satisfactory evidence for independent lexicons used in language reception and language production.

Number in the Mental Lexicon

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Niels O. Schiller ◽  
Rinus Verdonschot
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Syntactic Feature ◽  
Grammatical Number ◽  
Recent Experimental Work ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter discusses the representation and processing of grammatical number in language comprehension and production. Grammatical number is regarded as a syntactic feature stored with a word's lemma, i.e. the syntactic word, in the mental lexicon. The chapter discusses the representation of grammatical number in the mental lexicon and how this feature is selected. Comparisons to other grammatical features, such as grammatical gender, are also made. Moreover, the chapter reviews experimental work both in the area of language comprehension and language production to shed light on the processing of grammatical number in human cognition. The chapter closes with a report on recent experimental work conducted on Konso, a Cushitic language spoken in the south of Ethiopia. In Konso, the number feature interacts with the gender feature. Data from picture-naming experiments demonstrate that so-called plural gender should be interpreted as a gender feature rather than as a number feature.

Word Blends as Sublexical Substitutions

1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Stuart Laubstein
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Complete Part ◽  
Production Models

AbstractThe standard structural approach to word blends, such as noise1/sound2 → nound, has been to assume they involve a splicing together of the two words, where part of word2 is used to complete part of word1. The splice position has then been used as the source of mental lexicon generalizations. On the basis of 166 naturally occurring word blends, this article argues for a different approach—a “substitution” approach. The approach allows a comparison of the properties that word blends share with sublexical exchanges, anticipations, perseverations and substitutions; in addition, it accounts for the convergence of these properties. The substitution analysis allows a principled distinction between target and intruder; it predicts metrical structure output, and possible and impossible errors; moreover, the substitution analysis simplifies and constrains language production models.

Issues in Language Sample Collection and Analysis With Children Using AAC

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Van Tatenhove
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Language Sample Analysis ◽  
Language Sample

Language sample analysis is considered one of the best methods of evaluating expressive language production in speaking children. However, the practice of language sample collection and analysis is complicated for speech-language pathologists working with children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. This article identifies six issues regarding use of language sample collection and analysis in clinical practice with children who use AAC devices. The purpose of this article is to encourage speech-language pathologists practicing in the area of AAC to utilize language sample collection and analysis as part of ongoing AAC assessment.

Lexical Access Problems Lead to Disfluencies in Speech

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hartsuiker ◽  
Lies Notebaert
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Name Agreement ◽  
Access Problems ◽  
Agreement Condition

A picture naming experiment in Dutch tested whether disfluencies in speech can arise from difficulties in lexical access. Speakers described networks consisting of line drawings and paths connecting these drawings, and we manipulated picture name agreement. Consistent with our hypothesis, there were more pauses and more self-corrections in the low name agreement condition than the high name agreement condition, but there was no effect on repetitions. We also considered determiner frequency. There were more self-corrections and more repetitions when the picture name required the less frequent (neuter-gender) determiner “het” than the more frequent (common-gender) determiner “de”. These data suggest that difficulties in distinct stages of language production result in distinct patterns of disfluencies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document