Oxygen Deficit is Related to the Exercise Time to Exhaustion at Maximal Aerobic Speed in Middle Distance Runners

1999 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Renoux ◽  
B. Petit ◽  
V. Billat ◽  
J. P. Koralsztein
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed

Hypoxémie et Temps Limite à la Vitesse Aérobie Maximale Chez des Coureurs de Fond

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Billat ◽  
Jean-Cyril Renoux ◽  
Jacques Pinoteau ◽  
Bernard Petit ◽  
Jean-Pierre Koralsztein
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Oxyhemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Exercise Induced

A recent paper (Billat et al., 1994a) has shown the reproducibility but also the great variability between subelite long-distance runners in their time to exhaustion at the velocity which elicits [Formula: see text], called the maximal aerobic speed (MAS). The present study delved further into the reasons for this large difference between runners having the same [Formula: see text]. The question addressed was whether the exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) was more important for athletes having the longest time to exhaustion at 90 (Tlim 90), 100 (Tlim 100), or 105% (Tlim 105) of MAS. The study was conducted on 16 elite male runners. EIH was observed, that is, arteriel oxyhemoglobin saturation and arterial partial pressure of oxygen dropped significantly after all the Tlim tests. However, EIH was only correlated with Tlim 90 (r = −0.757; −0.531, respectively). Key words: exercise, running

Training Profile Counts for Time-to-Exhaustion Performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien A. Basset ◽  
Richard Chouinard ◽  
Marcel R. Boulay
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Track Test

The objective of this study was to compare the time to exhaustion (Tlim) at maximal aerobic speed ([Formula: see text]) in middle- and long-distance runners. Five middle-distance (MDR) and 5 long-distance (LDR) male runners, ages 28 ± 7 years, were tested running on a treadmill, with the Université de Montréal Track Test (UMTT), on maximal velocity and on time-to-exhaustion track tests. During the laboratory test, cardiorespiratory variables (e.g., HR, [Formula: see text]) were assessed. Second, running velocity at [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) during the UMTT was determined and HR values were recorded; also, maximal velocity on a 30-m sprint (V30) and maximal heart rate (HR max) and time to exhaustion were determined on the track. No significant difference was observed between groups during the multistage treadmill test. Significant differences were found between groups for V30 and Tlim, with MDR showing a 23% longer running time than LDR. The results of the present study demonstrated that the training profile of middle-distance and long-distance runners plays a significant role in Tlim performance when [Formula: see text] is obtained during a test with short-duration stages. Key words: maximal oxygen uptake, runners, time limit (Tlim)

Comparison of Two Tests to Determine the Maximal Aerobic Speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262
Author(s):  
Benhammou Saddek ◽  
Jérémy B.J. Coquart ◽  
Laurent Mourot ◽  
Belkadi Adel ◽  
Mokkedes Moulay Idriss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Gold Standard Test ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed

SummaryThe aims of this study were (a): to compare maximal physiological responses (maximal heart rate: HRmax and blood lactate concentration: [La-]) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) achieved during a gold standard test (T-VAM) to those during a new test entitled: the 150-50 Intermittent Test (150-50IT), and (b): to test the reliability of the 150-50IT. Eighteen middle-distance runners performed, in a random order, the T-VAM and the 150-50IT. Moreover, the runners performed a second 150-50IT (retest). The results of this study showed that the MAS obtained during 150-50IT were significantly higher than the MAS during the T-VAM (19.1 ± 0.9 vs. 17.9 ± 0.9 km.h−1, p < 0.001). There was also significant higher values in HRmax (193 ± 4 vs. 191 ± 2 bpm, p = 0.011), [La-] (11.4 ± 0.4 vs. 11.0 ± 0.5 mmol.L−1, p = 0.039) during the 150-50IT. Nevertheless, significant correlations were noted for MAS (r = 0.71, p = 0.001) and HRmax (r = 0.63, p = 0.007). MAS obtained during the first 150-50IT and the retest were not significantly different (p = 0.76) and were significantly correlated (r = 0.94, p < 0.001, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93 and coefficient of variation = 6.8 %). In conclusion, the 150-50IT is highly reproducible, but the maximal physiological responses derived from both tests cannot be interchangeable in the design of training programs.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in the Maximal Lactate Steady State

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hafen ◽  
Pat Vehrs
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) is one of the factors that differentiates performance in aerobic events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex differences in oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at the MLSS in well-trained distance runners. Twenty-two (12 female, 10 male) well-trained distance runners (23 ± 5.0 years) performed multiple 30-min steady-state runs to determine their MLSS, during which blood lactate and respiratory gas exchange measures were taken. To interpret the MLSS intensity as a training tool, runners completed a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) run at their MLSS. The relative intensity at which the MLSS occurred was identical between males and females according to both oxygen consumption (83 ± 5 %O2max) and heart rate (89 ± 7 %HRmax). However, female runners displayed a significantly lower RER at MLSS compared to male runners (p < 0.0001; 0.84 ± 0.02 vs. 0.88 ± 0.04, respectively). There was not a significant difference in TTE at MLSS between males (79 ± 17 min) and females (80 ± 25 min). Due to the observed difference in the RER at the MLSS, it is suggested that RER derived estimates of MLSS be sex-specific. While the RER data suggest that the MLSS represents different metabolic intensities for males and females, the relative training load of MLSS appears to be similar in males and female runners.

Effect of menstrual cycle phase on carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged exercise to fatigue

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 690-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Bailey ◽  
Cristine M. Zacher ◽  
Karen D. Mittleman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Tyrosine ◽  
Placebo Drink

The effects of menstrual cycle phase and carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation were investigated during prolonged exercise. Nine healthy, moderately trained women cycled at 70% peak O2 consumption until exhaustion. Two trials were completed during the follicular (Fol) and luteal (Lut) phases of the menstrual cycle. Subjects consumed 0.6 g CHO ⋅ kg body wt− 1 ⋅ h− 1(5 ml/kg of a 6% CHO solution every 30 min beginning at min 30 of exercise) or a placebo drink (Pl) during exercise. Time to exhaustion during CHO increased from Pl values ( P < 0.05) by 14.4 ± 8.5 (Fol) and 11.4 ± 7.1% (Lut); no differences were observed between menstrual cycle phases. CHO attenuated ( P < 0.05) the decrease in plasma glucose and insulin and the increase in plasma free fatty acids, tryptophan, epinephrine, and cortisol observed during Pl for both phases. Plasma alanine, glutamine, proline, and isoleucine were lower ( P < 0.05) in Lut than in Fol phase. CHO resulted in lower ( P < 0.05) plasma tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. These results indicate that the menstrual cycle phase does not alter the effects of CHO supplementation on performance and plasma levels of related substrates during prolonged exercise.

Variability of Time to Exhaustion During Submaximal Exercise

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom M. McLellan ◽  
Stephen S. Cheung ◽  
Ira Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Average Fitness

Exercise time to exhaustion (TE) is commonly used to evaluate the success or failure of such treatments as endurance training programs or nutritional supplements. The present study determined the variability of TE during submaximal exercise at 80% [Formula: see text]. Fifteen males performed cycle exercise to exhaustion on five occasions at the same time of day with a minimum of 72 hrs between sessions. There was no difference in TE (0.1 > p > 0.05) among the trials, with values ranging from 14.4 ± 1.1 min for Test 1 to 18.2 ± 2.4 min during the final test. Substantial variability in TE over the five trials was observed among subjects with coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 2.8 to 31.4%. Subjects were divided into two groups using the median CV for TE. For the low CV group (n = 8), TE was significantly increased during Test 3 (14.9 ± 1.3 min) compared with Test 1 (12.8 ± 1.0 min) and Test 5 (12.5 ± 1.2 min). For the high CV group (n = 7), TE was increased during Test 5 (24.7 ± 3.7 min) compared with the other tests (18.5 ± 2.2 min). CV for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], pH, [Formula: see text], and rectal temperature were less than 5% and did not differ between groups. Post hoc power calculations revealed that if all subjects were considered as one group, sample size would have to increase to 40 to increase the power to 0.8. Due to the variability in TE that may be observed with males of average fitness, it is concluded that TE should not be the only dependent measure used to evaluate treatment effects during submaximal exercise. Key words: coefficient of variation, blood lactate, sample size, power

scholarly journals Acute administration of high doses of taurine does not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and the effect on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit is unclear

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Milioni ◽  
Elvis de Souza Malta ◽  
Leandro George Spinola do Amaral Rocha ◽  
Camila Angélica Asahi Mesquita ◽  
Ellen Cristini de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of taurine overload on time to exhaustion (TTE) of high-intensity running performance and alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT). The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Seventeen healthy male volunteers (age: 25 ± 6 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 50.5 ± 7.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed an incremental treadmill-running test until voluntary exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake and exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake. Subsequently, participants completed randomly 2 bouts of supramaximal treadmill-running at 110% exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (placebo (6 g dextrose) or taurine (6 g) supplementation), separated by 1 week. MAODALT was determined using a single supramaximal effort by summating the contribution of the phosphagen and glycolytic pathways. When comparing the results of the supramaximal trials (i.e., placebo and taurine conditions) no differences were observed for high-intensity running TTE (237.70 ± 66.00 and 277.30 ± 40.64 s; p = 0.44) and MAODALT (55.77 ± 8.22 and 55.06 ± 7.89 mL·kg−1; p = 0.61), which seem to indicate trivial and unclear differences using the magnitude-based inferences approach, respectively. In conclusion, acute 6 g taurine supplementation before exercise did not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and showed an unclear effect on MAODALT.

Niacin supplementation impairs exercise performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greggory R. Davis ◽  
Arnold G. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Performance Effects

Abstract. Several pre-workout supplements contain niacin, although the exercise performance effects of niacin are poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine the performance effects of niacin versus caffeine as a pre-workout supplement. Twenty-five untrained males were recruited to complete three identical ramped aerobic cycling exercise trials. Participants were administered caffeine (CA) at 5 mg/kg body weight, 1000 mg niacin (NI), or a methylcelluloce placebo (PL) supplement prior to each trial. NI treatment induced significantly higher respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise compared to the CA treatment, but not the PL treatment (PL=0.87±0.08, NI=0.91±0.08, CA=0.87±0.08; p=0.02). Similarly, exercise time to exhaustion (in minutes) was significantly different between the NI treatment and the CA treatment, but not the PL treatment (PL=27.45±4.47, NI=26.30±4.91, CA=28.76±4.86; p<0.01). Habitual caffeine use (p=0.16), habitual aerobic exercise (p=0.60), and habitual resistance exercise (p=0.10) did not significantly affect RER. Similarly, habitual caffeine use (p=0.72), habitual aerobic exercise (p=0.08), and habitual resistance exercise (p=0.39) did not significantly affect total work performed. The elevated RER and decreased time to exhaustion in the NI treatment suggests limited lipid availability during exercise and impaired exercise performance.

scholarly journals Thermoregulatory Responses to Graded Exercise Differ among Sasang Types

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duong Duc Pham ◽  
Jeong Hoon Lee ◽  
Eun Seok Park ◽  
Hyun Sung Baek ◽  
Ga Yul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Thermoregulatory Response ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Apparently Healthy

We compared sweat rate and variables such as workload (We), metabolic heat production (Hprod), and temperature increment load (Tinc) across Sasang types. 304 apparently healthy participants aged 20–49 years with their Sasang type determined were enrolled. Local sweat rates on the chest (LSRchest) and back (LSRback) were measured using a perspiration meter during a maximum treadmill exercise test. Oxygen uptake was measured continuously using a breath-by-breath mode indirect calorimeter. The TaeEum (TE) type had a larger body size, a higher percent body fat, and a lower body area surface area (BSA) to body mass compared with the other Sasang types, particularly the SoEum (SE) type. The TE type tended to have a shorter exercise time to exhaustion and lower maximal oxygen uptake (mL·kg−1·min−1) than the other types.LSRchestin TE types was greater than that of the SE and SoYang (SY) types in men, whereasLSRbackwas higher in the TE type than that of the other types in women. After normalizing LSR forWe,Hprod,Tinc, and BSA, this tendency still remained. Our findings suggest that the thermoregulatory response to graded exercise may differ across Sasang types such that the TE type was the most susceptible to heat stress.

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