Monitoring gene flow from genetically modified soybean to cultivated soybean and wild soybean in China.

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Lai-Pan Liu ◽  
Kun Xue ◽  
Biao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Gm Soybean

Abstract With the large-scale commercial planting of genetically modified (GM) crops in the world, the gene flow from GM crops to their wild relatives and its environmental risks have become a hot topic in the field of biosafety of GM organisms (GMOs). Wild soybean is one of the important plant genetic resources in China. China has not only imported a large amount of GM soybeans every year, but also started to carry out field experiments of GM soybeans with intellectual property rights; therefore, the gene flow of GM soybean to wild relatives and its influence on natural resources should be assessed before the commercial planting of GM soybean in China. In this chapter, the research progress of gene flow from GM soybean to cultivated soybean and wild soybean and the fitness of hybrid offspring are reviewed. This chapter reviews the current studies on gene flow from GM soybean and its consequences and also proposes further research topics.

Modeling gene flow from genetically modified plants.

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Jun-Ming Wang ◽  
Xiang-Cheng Mi ◽  
Yan-Da Li ◽  
Yan-Ming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Gm Plants

Abstract Gene flow from genetically modified (GM) plants is concerning because of its ecological risks. In modeling studies, these risks may be reduced by altering crop management while taking environmental conditions into account. Gene flow modeling should consider many field aspects, both biological and physical. For example, empirical statistical models deduced from experimental data simulate gene flow well only under limited conditions (similar to experimental conditions). Mechanistic models, however, offer a potentially greater predictive ability. Gene flow models from GM crops to non-GM crops are used to simulate field conditions and minimize the adventitious presence of transgenes to meet certain threshold levels. These models can be adapted to simulate gene flow from GM crops to crop wild relatives using parameters of sexual compatibility and growth characteristics of the wild plants. Currently, modeling gene flow from herbicide-resistant weeds has become very important in light of the increased application of herbicides and widely evolved resistance in weeds.

Performance of Genetically Modified Soybean Expressing the Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac Proteins Against Key Lepidopteran Pests in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2883-2889
Author(s):  
Fabiana B Bacalhau ◽  
Patrick M Dourado ◽  
Renato J Horikoshi ◽  
Renato A Carvalho ◽  
Altair Semeão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gm Soybean

Abstract The pyramided genetically modified (GM) soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788, expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, was approved for commercial use in Brazil. We conducted laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies to assess the efficacy of this Bt soybean against key soybean lepidopteran pests. Neonates of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were exposed to Bt proteins in diet-overlay bioassays. MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 soybean and individual components were evaluated in laboratory (leaf disc), greenhouse (high artificial infestations), and in field conditions (natural infestations). Neonates of A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera were highly susceptible to Cry1A.105 (LC50 from 0.79 to 48.22 ng/cm2), Cry2Ab2 (LC50 from 1.24 to 8.36 ng/cm2), and Cry1Ac (LC50 from 0.15 to 5.07 ng/cm2) in diet-overlay bioassays. In laboratory leaf disc bioassays and greenhouse trials, MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 soybean as well as the individual components were highly effective in controlling A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera. Similarly, under field conditions, the pyramided genotypes expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac were highly effective at protecting soybean against C. includens. We concluded that the individual Bt proteins expressed by GM soybean MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 killed all or nearly all the susceptible A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera, fulfilling one important criterion for successfully delaying resistance to pyramided Bt crops.

scholarly journals Genetically Modified Soybean Lines Exhibit Less Transcriptomic Variation Compared to Natural Narieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Long ◽  
Wentao Xu ◽  
Caiyue Liu ◽  
Mei Dong ◽  
Xinwu Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Gm Soybean

Abstract BackgroundGenetically modified (GM) soybeans provide a huge amount of food for human consumption and animal feed. However, the possibility of unexpected effects of transgenesis has increased food safety concerns. High-throughput sequencing profiling provides a powerful approach to directly evaluate unintended effects caused by foreign genes.ResultsIn this study, we performed transcriptomic analyses to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in individual soybean tissues, including cotyledon (C), germ (G), hypocotyl (H), and radicle (R), instead of using the whole seed, from four GM and three non-GM soybean lines. A total of 3,351 DEGs were identified among the three non-GM soybean lines. When the GM lines were compared with their non-GM parents, 1,836 to 4,551 DEGs were identified. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the DEGs showed more abundant categories of GO items (199) among non-GM lines than between GM lines and the non-GM natural varieties (166). Results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most KEGG pathways were the same for the two types of comparisons.ConclusionsThe study successfully employed RNA sequencing to assess the differences in gene expression among four tissues of seven soybean varieties, and the results suggest that transgenes do not induce massive transcriptomic alterations in transgenic soybeans compared with those that exist among natural varieties. This work thus provides important support for safety evaluation of genetically modified soybeans based on seed tissues.

scholarly journals Fine structural analyses of pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean

10.4081/851 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Malatesta ◽  
M Biggiogera ◽  
E Manuali ◽  
MBL Rocchi
Keyword(s):  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Splicing Factors ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Significant Lowering ◽  
Synthesis And Processing ◽  
Gm Soybean

We carried out ultrastructural morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses on pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified (GM) soybean, in order to investigate possible structural and molecular modifications of nucleoplasmic and nucleolar constituents.We found a significant lowering of nucleoplasmic and nucleolar splicing factors as well as a perichromatin granule accumulation in GM-fed mice, suggestive of reduced post-transcriptional hnRNA processing and/or nuclear export. This is in accordance to already described zymogen synthesis and processing modifications in the same animals.

scholarly journals The agent for increasing soybean yield and for the Round-up resistant one decrease in the synthesis of unnatural peptides with glycine glyphosate

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
M .F. Kulyk ◽  
S. Y. Kobak ◽  
O. V. Khimich ◽  
T. O. Didorenko ◽  
L. H. Pohorila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Unnatural Peptides ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Structure Of Proteins ◽  
Stimulation Of

The purpose. In order to increase soybean yield to develop the agent for pre-sowing seed treatment and crop spraying in the budding phase, and application of an agent for Round-up resistant soybean should reduce the synthesis of unnatural peptides with glycine glyphosate in the structure of proteins, which can cause unpredictable consequences for animals and humans. Methods. Laboratory and field experiments on chickens and hens. Results. The agent «Zernovit» for pre-sowing seed treatment of soybean seeds (patent of Ukraine for utility model No.119739, 2017) and in the budding phase has been developed. In addition, the formation of unnatural peptides of glycine glyphosate in the structure of proteins decreases through the stimulation of protein synthesis in the genetically modified soybean when applying «Zernovit». Conclusions. The agent «Zernovit» for pre-sowing soybean seed treatment and application in the budding phase, which provides an increase by 16.8 % in yields against the control of 2.8 t/ha, has been developed and tested in the conditions of production, and when it is used in genetically modified soybean it reduces the synthesis of unnatural peptides with glycine glyphosate in the structure of soybean protein when sprayed with Round-up. This is due to the stimulation of the protein synthesis that prevents the inclusion of glycine glyphosate in the unnatural peptides of the protein synthesis.

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