Performance of Genetically Modified Soybean Expressing the Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac Proteins Against Key Lepidopteran Pests in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2883-2889
Author(s):  
Fabiana B Bacalhau ◽  
Patrick M Dourado ◽  
Renato J Horikoshi ◽  
Renato A Carvalho ◽  
Altair Semeão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gm Soybean

Abstract The pyramided genetically modified (GM) soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788, expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, was approved for commercial use in Brazil. We conducted laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies to assess the efficacy of this Bt soybean against key soybean lepidopteran pests. Neonates of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were exposed to Bt proteins in diet-overlay bioassays. MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 soybean and individual components were evaluated in laboratory (leaf disc), greenhouse (high artificial infestations), and in field conditions (natural infestations). Neonates of A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera were highly susceptible to Cry1A.105 (LC50 from 0.79 to 48.22 ng/cm2), Cry2Ab2 (LC50 from 1.24 to 8.36 ng/cm2), and Cry1Ac (LC50 from 0.15 to 5.07 ng/cm2) in diet-overlay bioassays. In laboratory leaf disc bioassays and greenhouse trials, MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 soybean as well as the individual components were highly effective in controlling A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera. Similarly, under field conditions, the pyramided genotypes expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac were highly effective at protecting soybean against C. includens. We concluded that the individual Bt proteins expressed by GM soybean MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 killed all or nearly all the susceptible A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera, fulfilling one important criterion for successfully delaying resistance to pyramided Bt crops.

scholarly journals Genetically Modified Soybean Lines Exhibit Less Transcriptomic Variation Compared to Natural Narieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Long ◽  
Wentao Xu ◽  
Caiyue Liu ◽  
Mei Dong ◽  
Xinwu Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Gm Soybean

Abstract BackgroundGenetically modified (GM) soybeans provide a huge amount of food for human consumption and animal feed. However, the possibility of unexpected effects of transgenesis has increased food safety concerns. High-throughput sequencing profiling provides a powerful approach to directly evaluate unintended effects caused by foreign genes.ResultsIn this study, we performed transcriptomic analyses to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in individual soybean tissues, including cotyledon (C), germ (G), hypocotyl (H), and radicle (R), instead of using the whole seed, from four GM and three non-GM soybean lines. A total of 3,351 DEGs were identified among the three non-GM soybean lines. When the GM lines were compared with their non-GM parents, 1,836 to 4,551 DEGs were identified. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the DEGs showed more abundant categories of GO items (199) among non-GM lines than between GM lines and the non-GM natural varieties (166). Results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most KEGG pathways were the same for the two types of comparisons.ConclusionsThe study successfully employed RNA sequencing to assess the differences in gene expression among four tissues of seven soybean varieties, and the results suggest that transgenes do not induce massive transcriptomic alterations in transgenic soybeans compared with those that exist among natural varieties. This work thus provides important support for safety evaluation of genetically modified soybeans based on seed tissues.

Monitoring gene flow from genetically modified soybean to cultivated soybean and wild soybean in China.

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Lai-Pan Liu ◽  
Kun Xue ◽  
Biao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Gm Soybean

Abstract With the large-scale commercial planting of genetically modified (GM) crops in the world, the gene flow from GM crops to their wild relatives and its environmental risks have become a hot topic in the field of biosafety of GM organisms (GMOs). Wild soybean is one of the important plant genetic resources in China. China has not only imported a large amount of GM soybeans every year, but also started to carry out field experiments of GM soybeans with intellectual property rights; therefore, the gene flow of GM soybean to wild relatives and its influence on natural resources should be assessed before the commercial planting of GM soybean in China. In this chapter, the research progress of gene flow from GM soybean to cultivated soybean and wild soybean and the fitness of hybrid offspring are reviewed. This chapter reviews the current studies on gene flow from GM soybean and its consequences and also proposes further research topics.

scholarly journals Fine structural analyses of pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean

10.4081/851 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Malatesta ◽  
M Biggiogera ◽  
E Manuali ◽  
MBL Rocchi
Keyword(s):  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽  
Splicing Factors ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Significant Lowering ◽  
Synthesis And Processing ◽  
Gm Soybean

We carried out ultrastructural morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses on pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified (GM) soybean, in order to investigate possible structural and molecular modifications of nucleoplasmic and nucleolar constituents.We found a significant lowering of nucleoplasmic and nucleolar splicing factors as well as a perichromatin granule accumulation in GM-fed mice, suggestive of reduced post-transcriptional hnRNA processing and/or nuclear export. This is in accordance to already described zymogen synthesis and processing modifications in the same animals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of genetically modified soybean in animal feedingstuffs in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Sieradzki ◽  
Małgorzata Mazur ◽  
Beata Król ◽  
Krzysztof Kwiatek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Pest Insect ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Minimum Criteria ◽  
Gm Soybean

Abstract Introduction Globally, genetically modified (GM) crops were grown on 191.7 million hectares in 2018, which were mostly sown with soybean, maize, cotton, oilseed rape, and rice. The most popular traits introduced through genetic modification include herbicide and pest insect resistance. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify genetically modified soybean used in animal feed in Poland. Material and methods This research was based on the real-time PCR technique. All methods for GM soybean events were adopted from the EURL GMFF database of methods and previously verified to meet the minimum criteria of acceptance. Over 15 years of research, 665 samples were examined in total. Results The most common GM soybean event was MON40-3-2, tested for from the beginning of the investigation. Next, in decreasing order of frequency, were MON89788, MON87701, and A2704-12. In the majority of samples (606; 91%) GM soybeans were identified at a content level above the 0.9% GM content threshold for mandatory labelling. Only 59 soybean samples (9%) were identified as GM negative. GM negative results were mainly identified during the analyses in the last three years of the study, from 2017 to 2019. Conclusion Our data clearly indicate that the majority of soybean used in Poland for animal feeding was genetically modified.

scholarly journals Seeds of n-GM Soybean Varieties Cultivated in Poland and Their Processing Products as High-Protein Feeds in Cattle Nutrition

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Barbara Niwińska ◽  
Kamil Witaszek ◽  
Gniewko Niedbała ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Gm Soybean

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is a source of high-quality edible protein and oil for humans, but also a high-quality feed in livestock feeding. In Poland, imported genetically modified soybean meal covers 65%, and leguminous seeds that are cultivated locally cover 11% of the protein requirement in livestock nutrition. The implementation of the Polish national program and the European strategy supporting the growth of the leguminous area resulted in adaptation to local agro-climatic conditions of 36 varieties of non-genetically modified soybean (n-GM), which achieved an average seed yield of about 3.7 t·ha−1 with a content of about 38% protein and 23% fat in dry matter. The 27-fold increase in n-GM soybean cultivation area observed over the past eight years resulted in the opportunities in the use of this high-protein feed in feeding cattle, the section providing 26% of gross agricultural production. In cattle feeding, soybean seeds are utilized as whole, cracked, roasted, and extruded full-fat seed; after oil pressing as cold press cakes and extruded oil cakes; and moreover, late-ripening soybean plants with late maturity are used as fodder plants. The presented review is based on literature and analysis of data on the use of each of these forms in cattle nutrition, including the limitation of their use as components of feed rations, which is caused by the high rate of nitrogen release in the rumen and the effects of fat and saponin on microbial fermentation in the rumen due to the role of endogenous seminal enzymes.

scholarly journals Economic governance of property rights: comparative analysis on the collection of royalties in genetically modified soybean seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44
Author(s):  
Guilherme Fowler de Avila Monteiro ◽  
Decio Zylbersztajn
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Econometric Evidence ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Gm Soybean

This paper examines the governance of property rights on genetically modified (GM) soybean seeds. Specifically, the article undertakes a comparative analysis on the collection of royalties in GM soybean seeds in the U.S. and Brazil. For each country, the authors describe the regulatory framework governing the protection of biotechnology innovations in agriculture and investigate the mechanisms of royalty collection in GM soybean seeds. The paper also offers econometric evidence linking the capture of value on biotech innovations and the protection mechanisms deployed by biotech firms. The results suggest that, subject to the institutional environment, firms may choose to transact a GM attribute separated from the seed, building specialized governance structures framed around the genetic attribute and not around the seed as a whole.

Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction and DNA isolation protocols for detection of genetically modified soybean

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1249-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele dos Santos Ferrari ◽  
Luciana Lehmkuhl Valente ◽  
Fábio Cristiano Angonesi Brod ◽  
Caroline Tagliari ◽  
Ernani Sebastião Sant'Anna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Het belang van de context voor onderzoek binnen de organisatiepsychologie

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim van Breukelen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Voor Onderzoek

The importance of context in research on organizational behavior The importance of context in research on organizational behavior This article emphasizes the need to pay more attention to the context in field studies of organizational behavior. The context refers to factors external to the individual, which include organizational characteristics and societal and cultural factors. The context may offer additional explanations for research findings and may improve insights in underlying processes. In addition, a focus on contextual factors in a study may increase the fit between research and practice. This article describes the potential effects of contextual factors and offers possible reasons for the lack of attention to context in many studies. Finally, several recommendations are presented in order to bring contextual factors back into the study of behavior in organizations.

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