Genetically Modified Soybean Lines Exhibit Less Transcriptomic Variation Compared to Natural Narieties

Abstract BackgroundGenetically modified (GM) soybeans provide a huge amount of food for human consumption and animal feed. However, the possibility of unexpected effects of transgenesis has increased food safety concerns. High-throughput sequencing profiling provides a powerful approach to directly evaluate unintended effects caused by foreign genes.ResultsIn this study, we performed transcriptomic analyses to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in individual soybean tissues, including cotyledon (C), germ (G), hypocotyl (H), and radicle (R), instead of using the whole seed, from four GM and three non-GM soybean lines. A total of 3,351 DEGs were identified among the three non-GM soybean lines. When the GM lines were compared with their non-GM parents, 1,836 to 4,551 DEGs were identified. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the DEGs showed more abundant categories of GO items (199) among non-GM lines than between GM lines and the non-GM natural varieties (166). Results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most KEGG pathways were the same for the two types of comparisons.ConclusionsThe study successfully employed RNA sequencing to assess the differences in gene expression among four tissues of seven soybean varieties, and the results suggest that transgenes do not induce massive transcriptomic alterations in transgenic soybeans compared with those that exist among natural varieties. This work thus provides important support for safety evaluation of genetically modified soybeans based on seed tissues.

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Prevalence of genetically modified soybean in animal feedingstuffs in Poland

Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2478/jvetres-2021-0012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Zbigniew Sieradzki ◽

Małgorzata Mazur ◽

Beata Król ◽

Krzysztof Kwiatek

Keyword(s):

Genetic Modification ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Genetically Modified Soybean ◽

Pest Insect ◽

Negative Results ◽

Animal Feeding ◽

Minimum Criteria ◽

Gm Soybean

Abstract Introduction Globally, genetically modified (GM) crops were grown on 191.7 million hectares in 2018, which were mostly sown with soybean, maize, cotton, oilseed rape, and rice. The most popular traits introduced through genetic modification include herbicide and pest insect resistance. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify genetically modified soybean used in animal feed in Poland. Material and methods This research was based on the real-time PCR technique. All methods for GM soybean events were adopted from the EURL GMFF database of methods and previously verified to meet the minimum criteria of acceptance. Over 15 years of research, 665 samples were examined in total. Results The most common GM soybean event was MON40-3-2, tested for from the beginning of the investigation. Next, in decreasing order of frequency, were MON89788, MON87701, and A2704-12. In the majority of samples (606; 91%) GM soybeans were identified at a content level above the 0.9% GM content threshold for mandatory labelling. Only 59 soybean samples (9%) were identified as GM negative. GM negative results were mainly identified during the analyses in the last three years of the study, from 2017 to 2019. Conclusion Our data clearly indicate that the majority of soybean used in Poland for animal feeding was genetically modified.

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Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plants: A Review

Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science ◽

10.9734/ajrcs/2020/v5i330095 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hamza Armghan Noushahi ◽

Mubashar Hussain

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Genetically Modified Plants ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Biotechnology Firms ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Gm Plants

The health of genetically engineered foods/plants, which is one of the significant issues has been raised in recent years. Various non-governmental organizations and customers recommended that all GM foods before authorization for human consumption should be subject to long-term animal feed studies. The fundamental purpose of this review is to assess the new potential harmful impact/safety assessment of genetically engineered plants for the use of humans. A balance in the number of research groups, depending on their research, a variety of GM crops (maize and soybeans in particular) are varied as for traditional non-genetically modified plants. It is worth remembering that most of the experiments were carried out in biotechnology firms that sell these GM plants. In this review, we discussed in detail the risk assessment of genetically modified plants.

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Performance of Genetically Modified Soybean Expressing the Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac Proteins Against Key Lepidopteran Pests in Brazil

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toaa236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (6) ◽

pp. 2883-2889

Author(s):

Fabiana B Bacalhau ◽

Patrick M Dourado ◽

Renato J Horikoshi ◽

Renato A Carvalho ◽

Altair Semeão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetically Modified ◽

Leaf Disc ◽

Field Studies ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽

Genetically Modified Soybean ◽

Lepidopteran Pests ◽

Highly Effective ◽

The Individual ◽

Gm Soybean

Abstract The pyramided genetically modified (GM) soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788, expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, was approved for commercial use in Brazil. We conducted laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies to assess the efficacy of this Bt soybean against key soybean lepidopteran pests. Neonates of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were exposed to Bt proteins in diet-overlay bioassays. MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 soybean and individual components were evaluated in laboratory (leaf disc), greenhouse (high artificial infestations), and in field conditions (natural infestations). Neonates of A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera were highly susceptible to Cry1A.105 (LC50 from 0.79 to 48.22 ng/cm2), Cry2Ab2 (LC50 from 1.24 to 8.36 ng/cm2), and Cry1Ac (LC50 from 0.15 to 5.07 ng/cm2) in diet-overlay bioassays. In laboratory leaf disc bioassays and greenhouse trials, MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 soybean as well as the individual components were highly effective in controlling A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera. Similarly, under field conditions, the pyramided genotypes expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac were highly effective at protecting soybean against C. includens. We concluded that the individual Bt proteins expressed by GM soybean MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 killed all or nearly all the susceptible A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera, fulfilling one important criterion for successfully delaying resistance to pyramided Bt crops.

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Genetically modified foods, science, consumers and the media

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2001135 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 25-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

I. R. Rowland

Keyword(s):

Genetically Modified ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Evaluation Process ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Unintended Effects ◽

Gm Crop ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Gm Foods ◽

Wide Range

In contrast to the situation in the USA, where a wide range of genetically modified (GM) foods is available, in Europe very few GM products have been approved for marketing as foods, and there is widespread public concern about their safety and environmental impact. The marketing of a GM crop for food use in Europe falls under the EC novel foods regulations, and applications require the submission of an extensive dossier of information. The safety evaluation of GM foods presents considerable problems both in the conduct and interpretation of experimental studies, because conventional toxicity tests used in the evaluation of simple chemicals may not be appropriate for whole foods. To rationalise the safety evaluation process and to circumvent the difficulties in toxicological assessment of food materials, the concept of substantial equivalence has been developed. The concept is that if it can be demonstrated that the novel food is essentially similar to its conventional counterpart in terms of critical nutritional or anutritional components, then it is likely to be no more or less toxic than the latter. The possible introduction of unintended effects by the genetic modification process is particularly problematic for the safety evaluation process. The new genomic and post-genomic techniques are potentially valuable in the safety evaluation of GM foods, although they are as yet in their infancy.

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Stacked genetically modified soybean harboring herbicide resistance and insecticide rCry1Ac shows strong defense and redox homeostasis disturbance after glyphosate-based herbicide application

10.21203/rs.2.22390/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Bedin Zanatta ◽

Rafael Fonseca Benevenuto ◽

Rubens Onofre Nodari ◽

Sarah Zanon Agapito-Tenfen

Keyword(s):

Genetically Modified ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Shikimate Pathway ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

Glutathione Metabolism ◽

Unintended Effects ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Genetically Modified Soybean ◽

Defense Proteins ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: World agricultural production of genetically modified (GM) products, in particular, the combination of different traits/genes in the same plant has been a trend over the last decade. There has been concerns raised over stacking multiple herbicide and insect-resistant transgenes that could result in fitness costs depending on the type and strength of selection pressures exerted by the environment. Here, we report the results of transcriptomic analysis comparing the effect of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in the single-transgene versus stacked, herbicide resistant soybeans varieties on various biological processes, metabolic pathways, and main shikimic enzymes.Results: Gene expression data were grouped according to the 'herbicide treatment factor'. Defense metabolism and redox homeostasis were equally modulated in single-transgene and stacked variety samples. Carbon accumulation and energy metabolisms were distinct between the varieties and photosynthesis metabolism was found negatively affected in the single-transgene variety only. In the stacked variety, the shikimate pathway was modulated by the accumulation of transcripts from phenylalanine gene and other cascade genes. As expected, the RT-PCR results confirmed that the expression of native EPSPS was upregulated in both varieties when herbicide was applied. On the other hand, transgenic EPSPS expression was down regulated in both GM varieties upon herbicide application which cannot be explained. Conclusion: Glyphosate-based herbicides toxicity suggests its effects on carbon central metabolism and flux, redox metabolism, photosynthesis, and to the plant’s hormone and defense response. The observed unintended effects in GM herbicide-tolerant varieties unravels the deleterious effects previously observed on GM tolerant varieties growth and production. The impact of GBH on shikimate and cascade pathways was observed in terms of both native and transgenic insensitive EPSPS modulation, alteration of jasmonic acid and lignin metabolism in both single-transgene and stacked variety. Whereas the energy metabolism and carbon flux were differently affected in these varieties. Oxidative stress, more specifically glutathione metabolism, induced by GBH, was observed in this study. The stacked variety showed a more pronounced stress response (activation of specific stress defense proteins, Rboh, WRKY) and secondary compounds (β-glucosidase, isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase). Omics profiling techniques, such as transcriptomic, can be considered tools to support risk assessment based on detecting unintended effects due to the GBH application.

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Monitoring gene flow from genetically modified soybean to cultivated soybean and wild soybean in China.

10.1079/9781789247480.0005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 71-85

Author(s):

Lai-Pan Liu ◽

Kun Xue ◽

Biao Liu

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Wild Soybean ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Gm Crops ◽

Genetically Modified Soybean ◽

Cultivated Soybean ◽

Gm Soybean

Abstract With the large-scale commercial planting of genetically modified (GM) crops in the world, the gene flow from GM crops to their wild relatives and its environmental risks have become a hot topic in the field of biosafety of GM organisms (GMOs). Wild soybean is one of the important plant genetic resources in China. China has not only imported a large amount of GM soybeans every year, but also started to carry out field experiments of GM soybeans with intellectual property rights; therefore, the gene flow of GM soybean to wild relatives and its influence on natural resources should be assessed before the commercial planting of GM soybean in China. In this chapter, the research progress of gene flow from GM soybean to cultivated soybean and wild soybean and the fitness of hybrid offspring are reviewed. This chapter reviews the current studies on gene flow from GM soybean and its consequences and also proposes further research topics.

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Fine structural analyses of pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean

European Journal of Histochemistry ◽

10.4081/851 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 385 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

M Malatesta ◽

M Biggiogera ◽

E Manuali ◽

MBL Rocchi

Keyword(s):

Acinar Cell ◽

Nuclear Export ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Pancreatic Acinar Cell ◽

Splicing Factors ◽

Cell Nuclei ◽

Genetically Modified Soybean ◽

Significant Lowering ◽

Synthesis And Processing ◽

Gm Soybean

We carried out ultrastructural morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses on pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified (GM) soybean, in order to investigate possible structural and molecular modifications of nucleoplasmic and nucleolar constituents.We found a significant lowering of nucleoplasmic and nucleolar splicing factors as well as a perichromatin granule accumulation in GM-fed mice, suggestive of reduced post-transcriptional hnRNA processing and/or nuclear export. This is in accordance to already described zymogen synthesis and processing modifications in the same animals.

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iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of two transgenic soybean lines and the corresponding non-genetically modified isogenic variety

The Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1093/jb/mvz081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 167 (1) ◽

pp. 67-78

Author(s):

Weixiao Liu ◽

Zhe Zhang ◽

Xuri Liu ◽

Wujun Jin

Keyword(s):

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Interaction Analysis ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Unintended Effects ◽

Post Translational Modification ◽

Absolute Quantitation ◽

Protein Protein Interaction ◽

Transduction Mechanisms ◽

Isobaric Tags ◽

Gm Soybean

Abstract To investigate the unintended effects of genetically modified (GM) crops, an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based comparative proteomic analysis was performed with seed cotyledons of two GM soybean lines, MON87705 and MON87701×MON89788, and the corresponding non-transgenic isogenic variety A3525. Thirty-five differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified in MON87705/A3525, 27 of which were upregulated and 8 downregulated. Thirty-eight DAPs were identified from the MON87701×MON89788/A3525 sample, including 29 upregulated proteins and 9 downregulated proteins. Pathway analysis showed that most of these DAPs participate in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and in metabolic pathways. Protein–protein interaction analysis of these DAPs demonstrated that the main interacting proteins are associated with post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones and signal transduction mechanisms. Nevertheless, these DAPs were not identified as new unintended toxins or allergens and only showed changes in abundance. All these results suggest that the seed cotyledon proteomic profiles of the two GM soybean lines studied were not dramatically altered compared with that of their natural isogenic control.

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Genetically modified soybean plants and their ecosystem

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn0416039m ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Mirjana Milosevic ◽

Marija Zlokolica ◽

Petar Sekulic ◽

Mirjana Jarak ◽

Ksenija Taski

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Genetically Modified Plants ◽

Plant Genome ◽

Genetically Modified Soybean ◽

New Genes ◽

Cultivated Plant ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Soil Microbiological Activity

Transgenic plants are developed by introgressing new genes using methods of molecular genetics and genetic engineering. The presence of these genes in plant genome is identified on the basis of specific oligonucleotides primers, and the use of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and DNA fragments multiplication. Genetically modified plants such as soybean constitute a newly created bioenergetic potential whose gene expression can cause disturbance of the biological balance ecosystem, soil structure and soil microbiological activity. Genetically modified plants may acquire monogenic or polygenic traits causing genetic and physiological changes in these plants, which may elicit a certain reaction of the environment including changes of microbiological composition of soil rhizosphere. The aim of introgressing genes for certain traits into a cultivated plant is to enhance its yield and intensify food production. There are more and more genetically modified plant species such as soybean, corn, potato, rice and others and there is a pressure to use them as human food and animal feed. Genetically modified soybean plants with introgressed gene for resistance to total herbicides, such as Round-up, are more productive than non-modified herbicide-sensitive soybeans.

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