Mutation induction to improve quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora variabilis).

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Luz Gomez-Pando ◽  
Jesus Bernardo-Rojas ◽  
Denisse Deza-Montoya ◽  
Martha Ibañez-Tremolada ◽  
Enrique Aguilar-Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Leaf Infection ◽  
Mutant Lines

Abstract Quinoa is an important crop due to its nutritional characteristics (better than cereals) and its tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, various factors such as high susceptibility to diseases, especially downy mildew caused by Peronospora variabilis, limit its agricultural performance. Genetic improvement of quinoa could reduce the need to use fungicides for this crop and maintain the organic quality of Peruvian production in small-scale farms. Seeds of var. 'Amarilla Marangani', irradiated with 150 and 250 Gy of gamma-rays (60Co), were evaluated in two experimental locations in Peru: coastland at La Molina and highland at Huancayo. Resistance to downy mildew and other agricultural traits in the M3 and M4 generations was studied. In both locations, downy mildew was observed in susceptible plants under natural infection, from the seedling stage to plant maturity. At the coastland site, six mutants with 30% leaf infection were obtained in the progeny of plants exposed to 150 Gy. Five additional mutants with 40% leaf infection were found in the progeny of plants exposed to 250 Gy. In the highland trial, only seven lines were identified with 30% severity (foliar area with symptoms) among the plants from the 150 Gy experiment. The parent materials showed 70-80% disease severity. Mutant lines with quantitative resistance and tolerance to downy mildew, high yield potential, reduced duration, shorter plant height, altered inflorescence shape and grain colour mutations were selected from both doses. This study showed that quantitative resistance and tolerance to downy mildew could be obtained in quinoa and this resulted in increased grain yields.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Tender Nut Potential of Diverse Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Varieties/Forms in Sri Lanka

CORD ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
S.A.C.N. Perera ◽  
G.K. Ekanayake ◽  
H.M.N.B. Herath
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Management Guidance ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

There is a rising demand in the world for coconut water as a healthy natural beverage. Different coconut varieties are used in different countries to be processed as a natural drink. The coconut form “King coconut” has long been used in Sri Lanka as the ideal coconut variety for this purpose. However, with the expansion in the local and export beverage coconut market, the supply does not meet with the demand at present. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify potential coconut varieties/forms mainly relating to the yield of beverage. The study was conducted in the main coconut triangle and Southern Sri Lanka. Eleven coconut forms, namely, King coconut and Bothal thembili in the variety Aurantiaca, Red, Yellow, Green and Brown dwarf and Murusi in the variety Nana, Bodiri, Dothalu, and Sri Lanka tall. These are included in the variety Typica along with Nipol, which is a natural hybrid being identified to be suitable as beverage coconuts. Out of them the yielding ability was high in King coconut, Red dwarf and Yellow dwarf while Bodiri, Nipol and Dothalu fared well. Many coconut forms suitable for beverage purpose were observed to be having seasonality in nut production. Ensuring adequate soil fertility and prevention of water deficit over prolonged periods were observed to help sustain yield and reduce seasonality in bunch emission. There were no large scale plantations for beverage coconuts in Sri Lanka, and the entire collection was from home gardens and very small scale holdings. It is recommended to establish medium scale holdings with coconut forms having high yield potential as identified in the current study, with proper management guidance to ensure a steady supply of beverage coconuts to the local as well as export market.

scholarly journals Yield components of the M7 Kipas Putih mutant soybean

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
Zuyasna ◽  
E Hayati ◽  
Y Ghufrani ◽  
A Marliah ◽  
B Basyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Mutant Lines

Abstract This study aimed to obtain the homogeny of M8 soybean lines in an effort to release new high yielding varieties. The research was conducted in Lamsidaya village, and the observation of yield components was carried out at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This study did not use an experimental design, so that the quantitative characters were observed individually from each plant, then analyzed by estimating the heritability broad sense value and the progress of selection. The material used were var. Kipas Putih and var. Dega1 as control, eight of 7th generation Kipas Putih mutant lines (B4, B7, B10, B12, B13, B15, B18 and B22). All genotypes were planted in rectangular plot 10 m x 1 m, drainage 50 cm, and planting distance 50 cm x 30 cm. Plants were maintained in accordance with the recommendation for soybean cultivation from Balitkabi, and fertilizer NPK (16:16:16) was given 200 g/plot (200 kgha-1). Parameters observed included plant height, flowering time, harvest time, number of productive branches, total number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, percentage of filled pods per plant, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, seed weight per plot, and yield potential. All quantitative characters indicated increase on selection except for the character of plant height, percentage of filled pods and weight of 100 seeds because the heritability value was low. The B18 line has the potential to become a new high yielding variety because it has a high yield potential (3.02 tons ha-1) with a large seed size compared to the other seven mutant lines and is also higher than the parent Kipas Putih and var Dega 1 varieties.

Identifying Target Groups for Agricultural Research: The Categorization of Rice Farmers in the Dominican Republic

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Frans Doorman
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Production Conditions

SummaryA method is discussed for classifying small scale rice farmers from the Dominican Republic who have similar production systems and access to land, but differ widely in the yields they obtain and in the adoption of new technology. The results are used to define two recommendation domains, for farmers with ‘good’ and ‘poor’ production conditions, and to suggest appropriate technology for each. For farmers working in good production conditions the development of a technological package based on the double cropping of semi-dwarf varieties with high yield potential and production efficiency is recommended; for farmers with poor production conditions, a technological package is suggested based on varieties with a high tolerance of drought, flooding and weed development, which yield adequately at low input levels.

scholarly journals Yield potential and resistance of corn (Zea mays L.) S5 generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SITI HAFSAH ◽  
BAKHTIAR BAKHTIAR ◽  
NUR ROSLINI ◽  
FIRDAUS FIRDAUS
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Downy Mildew Disease ◽  
High Yield Potential

. Maize S5 generation was obtained and assembled through open pollination, from its parents possessing high yield potential and resistant to downy mildew disease, where the parents were obtained through mass selection.  The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield potential and resistance of maize S5 generation against downy mildew disease.  The research was conducted at Syngenta Seed Indonesia, Kediri Field Station, Kedungmalang Village, Papat District, Kediri Regency, East Java, from May to October 2019.  The research was employed Randomized Block Design (RBD) non Factorial with the only factor observed, 24 genotypes of maize, 5 genotypes for disease resistance assay and 4 genotypes for yield potential assay with 2 replications.  The results showed that there were 5 resistant genotypes, 18ID010125, 18ID010141, 18ID010158, 18ID010134, 18ID010118 and 18ID010122 and 7 potential genotypes to have high yield, 18ID010144, 18ID010123, 18ID006020, 18ID010135, 18ID010125, 18ID007419 and 18ID010148. The results also exhibited 3 genotypes with the highest yield and possessed high resistance against downy mildew (18ID010125, 18ID010123 and 18ID010148).

scholarly journals Reaction of melon genotypes to the gummy stem blight and the downy mildew

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil R dos Santos ◽  
Manoel D de Castro Neto ◽  
Leandro N Ramos ◽  
Adalberto C Café-Filho ◽  
Ailton Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Gummy Stem Blight ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Leaf Infection

The gummy stem blight (Didymella bryoniae) and the downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) are two foremost melon (Cucumis melo) diseases, considering their effects on yield and fruit quality. Despite the importance of such diseases, relatively few studies have been done so far on the identification of resistance sources to D. bryoniae and P. cubensis in Brazil. This work aimed at evaluating the resistance of commercial melon genotypes to the gummy stem blight and the downy mildew. Firstly, the most aggressive and representative D. bryoniae isolate was selected. Subsequently, the resistance of 86 melon genotypes to stem infection was studied upon greenhouse conditions by inoculating with the previously selected isolate. Afterwards, the resistance to mildew and leaf infection by D. bryoniae of 28 melon genotypes was evaluated in the field, under natural infection. In the greenhouse, all 86 melon genotypes were infected and showed stem infection symptoms caused by D. bryoniae four days after inoculation. Nevertheless, a significant variation on the resistance levels of the melon genotypes was found. Under field conditions and natural inoculation, genotypes Taslaki and Sary Juliabi were the most susceptible to leaf infection by D. bryoniae, significantly differing from the other genotypes. The lowest levels of susceptibility were identified in genotypes Perlita Busle S1, Valenciano Elíptico, Glaver, MR1, and 2526. All genotypes were susceptible to the downy mildew, albeit differing in susceptibility levels.

FloRunTM ‘331’ Peanut Variety

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Central Stem ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
High Yield Potential

FloRunTM ‘331’ peanut variety was developed by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center near Marianna, Florida.  It was released in 2016 because it combines high yield potential with excellent disease tolerance. FloRunTM ‘331’ has a typical runner growth habit with a semi-prominent central stem and medium green foliage.  It has medium runner seed size with high oleic oil chemistry.

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Inbred Lines Under Plastic House in Thua Thien Hue

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trương Thị Hồng Hải ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thể ◽  
Phan Thu Thảo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sponge Gourd

In order to establish the pure line of sponge gourd containing aroma feature, we selected the desirable inbred lines by using a self-pollinating method. The present study was investigated to estimate the morphological traits and fruit quality of 6 sponge gourd inbred lines which generated at 4th generation of an aroma Luffa accession B29 under plastic house conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, from May to November in 2016. Five plants per replication were examined. The results indicated that all inbred lines could grow well under plastic house conditions. The inbred lines had the same stem and leaf traits; whereas fruit shape, skin color and fruit veins color were observed differently among inbred lines. The aromatic trait was retained in all inbred lines either before or after cooking. The high yield was found in lines BC1 and BC2 by 10.1 tons/ha and 10.7 tons/ha, respectively. These inbred lines should be examined in open field condition to confirm the presence of aromatic trait and yield potential before completion of the procedures for recognition of new Luffa varieties.  

Symptoms Development as Tools to Differentiate Dorizontal Resistance in Sunflower

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cipta Meliala ◽  
Felicity Fear ◽  
Denis Tourvieille de Labrouhe
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Horizontal Resistance ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Plasmopara Halstedii ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Symptom Progression

Downy mildew symptoms caused by Plasmopara halstedii encountered in sunflower plantation are varied. This variation may be related to the resistance mechanism presented by plant to the invasion of the fungus. Our objectives were firstly is to evaluate symptom development after fungus race 710 inoculation on some vegetative stage of susceptible hybrid. Second objective is to evaluate the reaction some sunflower genotypes after fungus inoculation. The study was conducted under controlled conditions or under netting cages in the field. The development of downy mildew symptoms were affected by all factors studied. Shoot inoculation may present a good method to produce downy mildew symptom similar to the natural infection. Downy mildew symptom progression may be used to screen a genotype with a horizontal resistance.

Coordinated Rice Improvement Project in India: Its Significant Achievements and Future prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
LV Subba Rao ◽  
RA Fiyaz ◽  
AK Jukanti ◽  
G Padmavathi ◽  
J Badri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Rice Improvement ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Sincere Effort

India is the second largest producer of rice in the world and it is the most important staple food grain. All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) was initiated with objective of conducting multi-location trials to identify suitable genotypes of high yield potential along with appropriate crop management practices. Since its inception AICRIP contributed significantly in meeting the growing demand both within and outside India. Significant progress has been achieved through AICRIP in terms of varietal release thereby increasing the crop productivity and also meeting the food and nutritional security. This paper makes a sincere effort in bringing out the significant achievements/milestones achieved under the AICRIP program and also gives a few directions for widening the areas under AICRIP.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document