Biotechnological and molecular approaches in the management of pests and diseases of crop plants.

Author(s):  
M Subbarayalu ◽  
B Natarajan ◽  
S Ramasamy
1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
I W Callan

In spite of impressive new developments in the field of crop protection over the last three decades, seed treatment probably remains the cheapest and simplest method of controlling certain pests and diseases of major crop plants. The overall benefits which result are measured in millions of tons of extra grain harvested each year, in addition to large gains in other feed crops as well as cotton.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Rafaqat Ali Gill ◽  
Ki-Hong Jung ◽  
Aroosha Faheem ◽  
Muhammad Uzair Qasim ◽  
...  

In most crop breeding programs, the rate of yield increment is insufficient to cope with the increased food demand caused by a rapidly expanding global population. In plant breeding, the development of improved crop varieties is limited by the very long crop duration. Given the many phases of crossing, selection, and testing involved in the production of new plant varieties, it can take one or two decades to create a new cultivar. One possible way of alleviating food scarcity problems and increasing food security is to develop improved plant varieties rapidly. Traditional farming methods practiced since quite some time have decreased the genetic variability of crops. To improve agronomic traits associated with yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in crop plants, several conventional and molecular approaches have been used, including genetic selection, mutagenic breeding, somaclonal variations, whole-genome sequence-based approaches, physical maps, and functional genomic tools. However, recent advances in genome editing technology using programmable nucleases, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins have opened the door to a new plant breeding era. Therefore, to increase the efficiency of crop breeding, plant breeders and researchers around the world are using novel strategies such as speed breeding, genome editing tools, and high-throughput phenotyping. In this review, we summarize recent findings on several aspects of crop breeding to describe the evolution of plant breeding practices, from traditional to modern speed breeding combined with genome editing tools, which aim to produce crop generations with desired traits annually.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyavir S Sindhu ◽  
Anju Sehrawat ◽  
Ruchi Sharma ◽  
Anupma Dahiya

The pesticides used to control pests and diseases are also implicated in ecological, environmental and human health hazards. To reduce the deleterious effects of these agrochemicals, certain antagonistic microorganisms have been characterised from rhizosphere of different crop plants that suppress various plant diseases and thus, minimize the use of pesticides. The application of these specific antagonistic microorganisms in biological control of soilborne pathogens has been studied intensively in the last two decades. These beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms inhibit the pathogenic bacteria and fungi by producing antibiotics, bacteriocins, siderophores, hydrolytic enzymes and other secondary metabolites. The efficiency of these biocontrol products can be improved by manipulation of the environment, using mixtures of beneficial organisms, physiological and genetic enhancement of the biocontrol mechanisms, manipulation of formulations and integration of biocontrol with other alternative methods that provide additive effects. These biocontrol agents could be effectively utilised in sustainable agriculture for improving growth of crop plants.


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