scholarly journals Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) as a Biological Control Agent of Lentil Weevil, Bruchus lentis, Under Laboratory Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-507
Author(s):  
Karim SAEIDI ◽  
Hossein PEZHMAN ◽  
Hadi KARIMIPOUR-FARD
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Legume Seeds

Stored-product pests in the family Bruchidae of Coleoptera represent important pests affecting legume seeds. The lentil weevil, Bruchus lentis Froelich (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is one of the major lentil pests in Iran and in the world. The economic losses caused by this pest on lentil grow up to 40%. Synthetic pesticides are currently the chosen method to protect stored grain from insect damage. However, their widespread use has led to the development of pest strains resistant to insecticides and pest resurgence. In recent years, nonchemical methods, including biological agents are considered safe methods to control the stored grain pests. Positive characteristics of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control factors of arthropod pests, introduce them as an appropriate option for controlling the integrated pest management of lentil weevil. In the present study, an isolate of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae, isolated from soils around Yasouj and based on morphological traits and morphometric data were identified.  Adult insects of lentil weevil were exposed to concentrations of 0; 500; 1,000; 2,000 and 3,000 infective juvenile/ml of distilled water at different temperatures (20, 23, 26 and 29 °C). Insects were placed on filter paper impregnated with 1 ml of nematode suspension in Petri dishes for three days. Mortality of the insects was recorded every 24 hours. The highest mortality was recorded after 72 hours, which represented 79.40%, at the concentration of 3,000 infective juvenile at 26 °C.

Biological control of sciarid and phorid pests of mushroom with predatory mites from the genus Hypoaspis (Acari: Hypoaspidae) and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jess ◽  
J.F.W. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mushroom Compost

AbstractIn small-scale experiments, the predatory mites, Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) and H. miles Berlese, applied at 700 mites m−2, and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) applied at 3 × 10−6 nematodes m−2 controlled sciarids and phorids in mushroom compost and casing substrates. For both mite species, earliest application to the growing substrate following sciarid infestation reduced sciarid emergence. In contrast, later application of each biological control agent provided more effective control of phorid emergence. The behaviour of adult mites suggested that H. aculeifer were more positively geotactic than H. miles although both species could penetrate compost and casing substrates to a depth of 2–12 cm. A majority of S. feltiae nematodes resided at a depth of 2–4 cm in both substrate types. Independent application of H. aculeifer provided more comprehensive control of sciarids and phorids than the other biological agents studied, owing to its better dispersal within compost and casing, and ability to attack larvae of differing ages.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Pakistani isolates of Steinernema bifurcatum and S. affine (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in management of stored grain pests Lasioderma serricorne and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Ptinidae, Tenebrionidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabassum Ara Khanum ◽  
Salma Javed
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Lasioderma Serricorne ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Stored Grain Pests

Abstract Background Stored grain products suffer a considerable economic loss due to insect infestations. The resistance of pests to insecticide, and residues on crops are produced by the application of insecticide. Nowadays, incremental necessity has been occurred to find out alternatives to chemicals. As biological control agents, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) attract attention increasingly in the research area recently. Results The aim of the study was to evaluate the pathogenicity of Pakistani isolates Steinernema bifurcatum and S. affine against the stored grain pests, Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne, under laboratory conditions. Suspensions of nematodes were applied at 4 different concentrations 0, 50, 100, and 200 IJs/ml and 3 variable temperatures 15, 30, and 45°C. Pathogenicity rate was recorded after 48 h of application. The larval stage is found more susceptible than the adult. At 200 IJs, S. bifurcatum showed high mortality of L. serricorne larva (92%) and T. castaneum larva (93%), whereas S. affine showed 90 and 95% mortality of L. serricorne and T. castaneum larva, respectively, at 200 IJs. The results revealed that both species of EPN were able to control and reproduce on L. serricorne and T. castaneum. Maximum mortality was recorded at 45 °C from S. bifurcatum whereas S. affine at 15 °C. Conclusions Therefore, S. bifurcatum and S. affine could be suggested as a biological control agent for hot and cold climatic zones, respectively.

scholarly journals Identification of the Fungal Pathogens of Postharvest Disease on Peach Fruits and the Control Mechanisms of Bacillus subtilis JK-14

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwu Zhang ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
Bingliang Xu ◽  
Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Mechanisms

Postharvest fungal disease is one of the significant factors that limits the storage period and marketing life of peaches, and even result in serious economic losses worldwide. Biological control using microbial antagonists has been explored as an alternative approach for the management of postharvest disease of fruits. However, there is little information available regarding to the identification the fungal pathogen species that cause the postharvest peach diseases and the potential and mechanisms of using the Bacillus subtilis JK-14 to control postharvest peach diseases. In the present study, a total of six fungal isolates were isolated from peach fruits, and the isolates of Alternaria tenuis and Botrytis cinerea exhibited the highest pathogenicity and virulence on the host of mature peaches. In the culture plates, the strain of B. subtilis JK-14 showed the significant antagonistic activity against the growth of A. tenuis and B. cinerea with the inhibitory rates of 81.32% and 83.45% at 5 days after incubation, respectively. Peach fruits treated with different formulations of B. subtilis JK-14 significantly reduced the mean disease incidences and lesion diameters of A. tenuis and B. cinerea. The greatest mean percent reduction of the disease incidences (81.99% and 71.34%) and lesion diameters (82.80% and 73.57%) of A. tenuis and B. cinerea were obtained at the concentration of 1 × 107 CFU mL−1 (colony forming unit, CFU). Treatment with the strain of B. subtilis JK-14 effectively enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in A. tenuis and B. cinerea inoculated peach fruits. As such, the average activities of SOD, POD and CAT were increased by 36.56%, 17.63% and 20.35%, respectively, compared to the sterile water treatment. Our results indicate that the isolates of A. tenuis and B. cinerea are the main pathogens that cause the postharvest peach diseases, and the strain of B. subtilis JK-14 can be considered as an environmentally-safe biological control agent for the management of postharvest fruits diseases. We propose the possible mechanisms of the strain of B. subtilis JK-14 in controlling of postharvest peach diseases.

First record of Phasmarhabditis papillosa (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) in South Africa, and its virulence against the invasive slug, Deroceras panormitanum

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Pieterse ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
Antoinette P. Malan ◽  
Jenna L. Ross
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
First Record ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Significant Mortality

Worldwide interest in Phasmarhabditis originates from the successful commercialisation of P. hermaphrodita as a biological control agent against molluscs in Europe. To date, P. hermaphrodita has not been isolated from South Africa and, therefore, the formulated product may not be sold locally. During a survey for mollusc-associated nematodes, P. papillosa was dissected from the slug, Deroceras reticulatum, collected from George, South Africa. The nematode was identified using a combination of morphological, morphometric, molecular and phylogenetic techniques. Virulence tests were conducted which demonstrated that P. papillosa caused significant mortality to the European invasive slug Deroceras panormitanum. Additional data are provided in the morphometrics of the infective juvenile and in the molecular identification, using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. This is the first report of P. papillosa from the African continent and of its virulence against D. panormitanum.

scholarly journals Combining the botanical insecticides NSK extract, NeemAzal T 5%, Neemix 4.5% and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae Cross N 33 to control the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders)

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mahmoud M
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata

Botanical insecticides based on azadirachtin and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae were evaluated for their control of the peach fruit fly, <i>Bactrocera zonata</i>. Laboratory bioassays determined the potential of combinations between the biological control agent S. feltiae and the botanical insecticides NSK, NeemAzal T 5%, Neemix 4.5% against 3rd instar larvae of <i>B. zonata</i>. Of 25 treatment combinations between azadirachtin from NSK extract and <i>S. feltiae</i>, 18 gave synergistic responses, 4 were additive, none antagonistic and 3 without any response. The same number of combinations with NeemAzal T 5% showed 19 synergistic responses, 1 additive, none antagonistic and 5 without any response. Combinations of Neemix 4.5% and S. feltiae showed 11 synergistic responses, 5 additive, 3 antagonistic and 6 without any response. The combined use of botanical insecticides based on azadirachtin, especially NSK extract and NeemAzal T 5%, with the entomopathogenic nematode <i>S. feltiae</i> may offer an integrated approach to increase the efficacy of control of the peach fruit fly, <i>B. zonata</i>, by entomopathogenic nematodes.

scholarly journals Virulence of four entomopathogenic nematode against different stages of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mürşide Yağcı ◽  
Tuğba Akdeniz Fırat ◽  
F. Dolunay Erdoğuş ◽  
Müge Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Negative Effects

Abstract Background Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Mediterranean fruit fly), is one of the important polyphagous pest species in the world that harms almost all fruits causing significant yields losses. Control of this pest which is on the quarantine list of many countries is highly important. Due to the negative effects of chemical control on the environment and human health, biological control approaches have gained importance. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a potential biological control agent that can be used for effectively controlling the Medfly. Results In this study, effects of four EPNs species on larvae, pupae and adults of Medfly were investigated under laboratory conditions. Four different concentrations of EPNs species were used against each stage of the pest. It pest showed different sensitivity to different concentrations of each of the tested EPNs. High mortality rate of 94% was caused by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (11 KG),, followed by H. bacteriophora (TOK-20) with 91%, Steinernema carpocapsae (85%) and S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir) with 71% at highest concentration (200 IJ/larvae. The highest effect on adult mortality (100%) was recorded by the species S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir) at the highest concentration (200 IJ/adult) in the trials, followed by H. bacteriophora (11 KG) with 92%, H. bacteriophora (TOK-20) with 91% and S. carpocapsae (Tokat-Bakışlı05) with 87.37% mortality rates at the same concentrations. Conclusions It was determined that the EPNs tested in this study had insecticidal properties and they might be used in biological control programs against the Medfly.

scholarly journals Timing the Application of Beneficial Nematodes to Mole Cricket Activity on Pasture to Optimize Control

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin B. Adjei ◽  
G. C. Smart, Jr. ◽  
J. Howard Frank ◽  
Norman C. Leppla
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Mole Cricket

Revised! ENY-663, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by M.B. Adjei, G.C. Smart, Jr., J.H. Frank and N.C. Leppla, provides guidance for optimizing a match between infective juvenile Ss nematodes and mole cricket hosts, and also describes the process for applying this biological control agent to pastures and turfgrasses. This version includes updated recommendations. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2006.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Atheta coriaria with other biological control agents and reduced-risk insecticides used in greenhouse floriculture integrated pest management programs for fungus gnats

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jandricic ◽  
C.D. Scott-Dupree ◽  
A.B. Broadbent ◽  
C.R. Harris ◽  
G. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Atheta Coriaria

AbstractFungus gnats (FG) (Diptera: Sciaridae: Bradysia spp.) are economically important pests of greenhouse flowers. Larvae feed on root tissue and transmit a variety of phytopathogens. Atheta coriaria (Kraatz) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) is a new biological control agent (BCA) for FG. To support its successful use by the greenhouse industry, its compatibility with current integrated pest management (IPM) programs used in floriculture was assessed. This included investigations of prey preference, possible detrimental interactions with other soil-dwelling BCAs, and the toxicity to A. coriaria of registered and novel insecticides. Atheta coriaria showed little preference among eggs of different pest species or between pest eggs and eggs of the intraguild predator Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae). It preferred FG 1st-instar larvae to larvae and pupae of other soil-dwelling pests. The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) was compatible with A. coriaria, but H. aculeifer mites fed on A. coriaria larvae. Insect growth regulators with limited contact activity (e.g., diflubenzuron) were compatible with adult A. coriaria and had minimal effects on larvae compared with other insecticides. Atheta coriaria can be incorporated into an IPM program for FG if harsh insecticides are avoided, but interactions with predatory mites, as well as its effectiveness against other greenhouse pests when FG are present, require further investigation.

Interactions between host plants, the subterranean burrower bug, Cyrtomenus bergi, and the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis megidis

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemma Ebssa ◽  
Christian Borgemeister ◽  
Hans-Michael Poehling ◽  
Ralf-Udo Ehlers ◽  
Elisabeth Struck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Maize Seedling ◽  
Heterorhabditis Megidis

AbstractInteractions between seedlings of Zea mays L. as a host plant, the subterranean burrower bug, Cyrtomenus bergi Froeschner, as a pest, and Heterorhabditis megidis Poinar, an entomopathogenic nematode, as a biological control agent, were studied, with a particular emphasis on the host finding behaviour of the nematode. For the trials a sand-filled Y-tube olfactometer was used. In the Y-arms, a bug, a maize seedling, a combination of both, or sand only was offered. Six experiments were carried out with differently treated Y-arms. Nematodes were significantly attracted to maize as well as to the combination of maize and bug, but not to C. bergi alone or to sand only. The influence of the feeding strategy of C. bergi on the host finding behaviour of H. megidis is discussed.

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