scholarly journals Digestion of dry and high-moisture maize diets in the stomach of the pig

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. G. Holmes ◽  
H. S. Bayley ◽  
F. D. Horney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
G 12 ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
The Mean

1. Pigs were fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulas anterior to the pancreatic duct, and total collections of digesta were made for 12 h periods.2. Maize–soya-bean diets were made from maize which had been harvested with a dry-matter content of 770 g/kg and either dried, preserved with acetic or propionic acid or ensiled naturally. The pigs received two meals of these diets/d at 12 h intervals, and the amount of digesta flowing through their cannulas was measured.3. Between 4.5 and 5.25 l of digesta flowed through the cannulas in the 12 h collection period, 0.9 of the total 12 h flow passed through the cannulas in the first 9 h with the dry-maize diet and 0.8 with the acid-treated-maize diets.4. The mean total dry matter intake was 358 g/meal, and 304 g dry matter passed through the duodenal cannulas in the 12 h collection period. The corresponding intake and flow of nitrogen (g/12 h) was 11.1 and 9.6, and for chromic oxide 1.13 and 0.94.5. The pigs consumed 205 g starch (total α-linked glucose polymers)/meal, and 1.5 g free glucose/meal. Only 110 g starch and 4.1 g free glucose reached the duodenal cannulas, suggesting that digestion and absorption of up to 92 g glucose had taken place anterior to the pancreatic ducts.

Statistical research on the fate of water in the adult cow. I. Dry cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paquay ◽  
R. De Baere ◽  
A. Lousse
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Total Water Intake

SUMMARYStatistical analyses were carried out on the data obtained, under strictly controlled conditions in metabolism stalls, from 219 adult non-pregnant dry cows fed on seventyone different rations. The authors have calculated and studied the correlations between total water intake, faecal and urinary water losses, absorbed and available water, and the seventy-five other factors which were analysed in each of the seventy-one rations. Total water intake closely correlated with the dry-matter intake and also with the dry-matter content of the diet; forages with high moisture content enhance the total water intake which is also significantly correlated to the intake of nitrogen, fat and some mineral elements.Total water intake closely correlated with the dry-matter intake and also with the dry-matter content of the diet; forages with high moisture content enhance the total water intake which is also significantly correlated to the intake of nitrogen, fat and some mineral elements.Faecal water losses are strongly correlated with the dry-matter intake and on the faecal dry matter. Moisture content of the diet has no significant effect but increasing pentosans and crude-fibre intake enhance the losses.Urinary water excretion is closely related to the amount of absorbed water and to the dry-matter content of the diet; a highly significant correlation also exists between urinary water and urinary nitrogen and potassium. The amount of water excreted in the urine may affect the utilization of digestible nitrogen and potassium.Available water is increased logarithmically when total water intake rises arithmetically. Feeds with high moisture content thus enhance the amount of available water.

Further studies on the fattening value of grass silage and on the effect of the dry-matter percentage of the diet on dry-matter intake in ruminants

1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Dodsworth
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Weight Gains

1. A feeding trial is described including four groups of cattle fed on silage only, two mixtures of silage and roots, and roots, straw, hay and oats.2. The live-weight gains made are recorded together with the rate of dry-matter intake.3. The efficiency of the dry matter of the diets was calculated.4. Silage fed alone produced a significantly greater rate of fattening than the other three diets.5. Cattle receiving roots in the morning and silage at night consumed 10·78% more dry matter and made greater live-weight gains than cattle fed on silage in the morning and roots at night.6. Calculation of the starch values of the roots and silage showed that these are higher when fed together than when silage is fed alone or when roots are fed with straw, hay and oats.7. An experiment is described designed to determine the effect of the dry-matter percentage of the diet on dry-matter intake in ruminants and of sudden changes in dry-matter content on digestibility.8. Sheep receiving 19·46% dry-matter silage consumed 16·7% more dry matter and 19·8% more starch equivalent than sheep eating 15·85% dry-matter silage.9. When the dry-matter percentage of the silage fell from 19·46 to 15·77 the digestibility of the dry matter fell by over 10%.10. The starch equivalent of the silage when fed alone was determined from the results of a digestibility trial and according to the performance of the cattle in the feeding trial. The values found were 65·88 and 66·15% respectively.11. The losses suffered in silage-making in twentyfive silos are recorded and discussed. The loss of dry matter and crude protein both average approximately 40% of that ensiled. The need for finding methods of reducing these losses is again stressed.

The value of a poultry litter and wheat mixture in the drought feeding of weaner sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
PJ Austin ◽  
DL Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Litter Mixture ◽  
The Mean

At the end of 23 weeks the mean daily dry matter intake of Merino weaners was 190 g of poultry litter and 235 g of wheat. The mean weekly body weight gain, 210 g per sheep, was not significantly different to weaners that consumed a mean daily dry matter intake of 365 g of wheat grain and gained 180 g weekly. The mean digestible organic matter content of wheat and poultry litter were calculated to be 88 and 31 per cent respectively. Weaners fed wheat only were not supplemented with limestone (1.5 per cent) for 13 weeks by which time two of the eight weaners had serum calcium levels below 8 mg per 100 ml. One of these weaners had gained weight, the other had lost weight and died three weeks after limestone supplementation. The addition of limestone did not increase the mean serum calcium levels significantly, but at the end of the trial all weaners had levels above 8 mg per 100 ml. ' Serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase and bilirubin concentrations were higher for weaners fed wheat-litter mixture, but below levels normally associated with liver dysfunction. Reasons for caution in the use of poultry litter in the manufacture of commercial feedstuffs for ruminants are discussed.

The voluntary intake by cattle of four silages differing in dry matter content

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jackson ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Daily Intakes

SUMMARYHerbage from the same timothy/meadow fescue/white clover sward was ensiled at four different dry matter contents. The resulting silages had dry matter contents of 19·0, 27·3, 32·3 and 43·2%, the dry matter content increasing with the length of the wilting period. An experiment was carried out to determine the voluntary intake of the silages. Each silage was given to 7 animals individually, the mean live weight of these being 334 kg.Although the silages made from wilted herbage were lower in digestibility than that made from unwilted herbage, wilting increased dry matter intake and metabolizable energy (ME) intake. The mean daily intakes of digestible organic matter were 53·0, 58·1, 59·6 and 59·6 g/kgW0·73, for silages of increasing dry matter content. The corresponding ME intakes, expressed as a multiple of the ME requirement for maintenance, were 1·17, 1·29, 1·30 and 1·28. The percentage of acetic acid in the silage dry matter was significantly (r= −0·56) and linearly related to voluntary intake. The relationship between lactic acid concentration and voluntary intake was significantly curvilinear (r= 0·48).

The use of moist barley in diets for growing pigs

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
D. M. S. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed

SUMMARYA total of 156 pigs of the Large White breed were used in a series of four experiments to test the suitability of barley which had been stored with a high moisture content as an ingredient in the diets of growing pigs. Barleys with mean moisture contents of 26·3%, 28·1% and 21·2% and a range from 19·6% to 30·5%, from three successive harvests were used.In all the trials there was evidence that the use of moist barley in diets for growing pigs had an adverse effect on live-weight gain and feed conversion ratio, the effect being independent of whether feed intakes were equated on the basis of the dry-matter content of the diets. In one of the experiments performance was depressed to the extent of causing changes in carcass characteristics. The performance of pigs given rolled barley was similar to that of others given ground barley.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF FORAGE STORED IN POLYVINYL SILOS ON INTAKE AND PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Logan ◽  
P. S. Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gas Tight

Legume–grass forage was ensiled two seasons in 25-ton polyvinyl-encased stacks at dry matter (D.M.) levels of 22 to 37% or stored as field-cured hay. The polyvinyl sleeve coverings provided initial gas-tight conditions. High losses occurred in the high D.M. (32 to 37%) silage during the feeding-out period. Silage quality, as indicated by volatile fatty acid ratios, proximate principles, and digestibility coefficients, was not significantly influenced by D.M. content. When cows were fed the lower D.M. (22 to 29%) silages and hay, forage intake was inversely related to its dry matter content. Intake of high D.M. silage appeared abnormally low. Milk yields appeared to be more consistently influenced by small variations in grain intake than forage dry matter intake through both trials. Milk yields from silages were greater than from hay per unit of D.M. intake. Moisture content of forage had no significant effect on milk composition as indicated by percentage of butterfat, solids-not-fat, or protein.

INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF CONSERVATION ON FEEDING VALUE OF HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY FED TO DAIRY STEERS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL FLIPOT ◽  
GHISLAIN PELLETIER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-two Holstein steers averaging 369 kg were used to evaluate the feeding value of high moisture barley (HMB). The HMB was harvested at 74.8–77.8% dry matter and ensiled whole in a concrete silo, or was treated with paraformaldehyde or organic acid mixture (propionic 80%, acetic 15% and benzoic acids 5%), and stored on a barn floor. Dry barley (DB) was harvested from the same field at a moisture level of 13.4%. Steers were fed barley ad libitum plus grass silage at the rate of 1.0% of body weight. At feeding, the dry matter content of the DB and HMB was higher than at harvesting. Total nitrogen was higher (P < 0.05) in ensiled HMB and paraformaldehyde-treated HMB compared to DB and organic-acid-mixture-treated HMB. Soluble nitrogen was reduced (P < 0.05) by the paraformaldehyde treatment. Cellulose was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by any treatments. Daily gain, dry matter intake, feed efficiency, rib eye area, fat over 12th rib, 12th rib fat, bone and muscle were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the different treatments. Carcass yields were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for steers fed DB and ensiled HMB compared to those fed paraformaldehyde- and organic-acid-treated HMB.

Statistical research on the fate of water in the adult cow. II. The lactating cow

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paquay ◽  
R. De Baere ◽  
A. Lousse
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Total Water Intake

SUMMARYStatistical tests were made on the data obtained from 100 non-pregnant lactating cows, whose milk production ranged from 4 to 22 kg/day. The cows were kept in metabolism stalls and fed 37 different rations.The authors have studied the correlation between total water intake, faecal and urinary water losses, absorbed and available water and the numerous other factors which were analysed in each of the 37 rations.Total water intake is closely related to the dry-matter intake and the dry-matter content of the diet; it is related also to the composition of the ingested dry matter but is unrelated to the daily milk production.Faecal water losses are closely related to the dry-matter intake and the dry-matter content of the diet; increase of pentosans and crude-fibre intake enhances the losses.Urinary water excretion is related to the amount of absorbed water and to the dry-matter content of the diet; a highly significant correlation exists also between urinary water and urinary nitrogen and potassium. Daily milk production and urinary water are negatively correlated.Water secretion in the milk depends on the dry-matter intake and on its composition; but there is no significant correlation between total water intake and milk water.

scholarly journals Characteristic Profiles of an Original Drink Sap from Male and Female Deglet Nour Palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) during Collection Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ines Makhlouf-Gafsi ◽  
Abir Mokni-Ghribi ◽  
Hamadi Attia ◽  
Christophe Blecker ◽  
Souhail Besbes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Collection Period

This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of a typical natural drink from male and female Deglet Nour (DN) date palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) during the collection period. Dry matter, protein, amino acids, and sugar profiles were determined using AFNOR norm, Kjeldahl method, HPLC, and HPAEC-PAD, respectively. The male sap dry matter content was higher than that of the female. It decreased significantly through the tapping period. During the harvest, the male sap protein content decreased but increased significantly in the female sap. Finally, sugar fraction, for both male and female DN sap, was dominated by sucrose, glucose, fructose, and a small amount of myo-inositol. During the collection time, sugar content is affected by the sex especially for myo-inositol content that increased significantly in the female date sap, unlike that of the male one. This may be related to the fact that the male palm is more resistant to physiological stress, inducing myo-inositol formation during tapping.

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