Absorption of calcium from a leafy vegetable rich in oxalates

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmila Pingle ◽  
B. V. Ramasastri
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Regular Source ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Β Carotene

1. Plant foods, especially green leafy vegetables, are the cheapest and richest source of calcium in developing countries and are recommended in balanced diets. Hence it was worth while obtaining further information about the availability of Ca from these commonly-consumed green leaves.2. The green leafy vegetable belonging to Amaranthus spp. was taken as a suitable experimental model because it is not only commonly-consumed, but is also rich in Ca and oxalates. In the first experiment, each of the eight adult male subjects was given a basal diet containing negligible Ca, a milk diet and an ‘Amaranthus’ diet, both containing the same amount of Ca. These diets were given on 3 consecutive days and the urinary Ca excreted in a 6 h period after the test diet was considered an approximate index of Ca absorbed in that period. The second experiment was designed to study the influence of Amaranthus spp. on the availability of milk Ca. Each of the ten adult male subjects were given a basal diet, a milk diet and a diet containing the same amount of milk with Amaranthus spp. added to it. Urinary Ca excreted in a period of 6 h was estimated.3. While availability of Ca from milk was good, that from Amaranthus leaves was low. The ingestion of Amaranthus leaves together with milk adversely affected the absorption of milk Ca.4. In view of these findings, recommendation of green leaves as a regular source of Ca to the vulnerable section of the Indian Community should be considered with caution. Since green leaves are a main source of other nutrients, especially β-carotene, their consumption cannot be discouraged and hence leaves low in oxalates should be recommended.

β-carotene as an inhibitor of benzo(a)pyrene and mitomycin C induced chromosomal breaks in the bone marrow of mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Raj ◽  
Morris Katz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Hybrid Strain ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Chromosomal Breaks ◽  
Β Carotene

Female mice of hybrid strain B6C3F1, 8–10 weeks old, were fed on powdered food with or without β-carotene (100 mg/kg food). After 1 week of these diets, some of each group of mice were injected i.p. with either benzo(a)pyrene (150 mg/kg) in dimethyl sulfoxide, or mitomycin C (1 mg/kg) in distilled water. In the course of separate experiments, bone marrow samples were collected at various intervals after injection for analysis in the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay. At the time at which the maximum induction was observed, which coincided between experiments, the frequency of micronuclei induced by benzo(a)pyrene was reduced by 41–61% and that induced by mitomycin C was reduced by 44–71% in the presence of β-carotene. β-carotene is widely distributed in plant material such as carrots and green leafy vegetables and, as such, is a component of the human diet. Our results suggest that β-carotene provides significant protection against the genotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene and mitomycin C.Key words: β-carotene, inhibitor, chromosomal breaks, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes.

scholarly journals Carrot Leaves Maintain Liver Vitamin A Concentrations in Male Mongolian Gerbils Regardless of the Ratio of α- to β-Carotene When β-Carotene Equivalents Are Equalized

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J Titcomb ◽  
Mikayla S Kaeppler ◽  
Sofía Beatriz Sandoval Cates ◽  
Jamie M Shannon ◽  
Philipp W Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Background Carrots are an important horticultural crop that contain provitamin A carotenoids (PACs). Orange carrots have high concentrations of α-carotene, which upon central cleavage yields 1 retinal and 1 α-retinal molecule. The leaves of carrot plants are a source of PACs when consumed. Objective Male Mongolian gerbils aged 27–30 d were used to assess the bioefficacy of carrot leaves to maintain vitamin A (VA) status and investigate whether the ratio of α- to β-carotene (α:β-carotene) affected bioefficacy. Methods After 3 wk depletion, baseline gerbils were killed (n = 6) and the remaining gerbils (n = 60) were divided into 6 groups to receive 4 VA-deficient, carrot leaf–fortified feeds (1:1.4, 1:2.5, 1:5.0, and 1:80 α:β-carotene ratio) equalized to 4.8 nmol/g β-carotene equivalents (βCEs), or VA-deficient feed with (VA+) or without (VA−) retinyl acetate supplements. Carrot-leaf powder from 4 carrot plants with differing α:β-carotene ratios was used. After 4 wk, gerbils were killed and tissues were collected and analyzed for retinoids by HPLC. Results VA+ had higher total liver VA (means ± SD 0.91 ± 0.29 μmol) than all other groups (range: 0.40–0.62) (P ≤ 0.03), and the carrot leaf treatments did not differ from baseline (0.55 ± 0.09 μmol). VA− (0.40 ± 0.23 μmol VA/liver) did not differ from the leaf-fed groups, but 30% became VA deficient (defined as <0.1 μmol VA/g liver). α-Retinol accumulated in livers and lungs and was correlated to total α-carotene consumption (R2 = 0.83 and 0.88, respectively; P < 0.0001). Bioefficacy factors ranged from 4.2 to 6.2 μg βCE to 1 μg retinol. Conclusions Carrot leaves maintain VA status and prevent deficiency in gerbils regardless of the α:β-carotene ratio. The bioconversion of PACs from carrot leaves to retinol is similar to what has been reported for other green leafy vegetables, making the consumption of carrot leaves a viable method to improve dietary PAC intake.

scholarly journals Loss or Gain of Lipophilic Bioactive Compounds in Vegetables after Domestic Cooking? Effect of Steaming and Boiling

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Alessandra Fratianni ◽  
Annacristina D’Agostino ◽  
Serena Niro ◽  
Annarita Bufano ◽  
Bruno Paura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Β Carotene

Lipophilic antioxidants are essential components, which have been pointed as bioactive beneficial for human health. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of domestic cooking (boiling, steaming) on the main carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) and tocols in four different green leafy vegetables: Sonchus asper L. Hill, Sonchus oleraceus L., Spinacia oleracea L. and Cichorium intybus L. The total content of the analyzed compounds was determined following the method of alkaline hydrolysis of the matrix and solvent extraction. The leaching of soluble solids after domestic cooking was found to determine a gain in the investigated bioactive compounds in the cooked vegetables, so to cause an apparent content increase in all leafy vegetables, when expressed as mg/100 g dry matter. Considering solid losses, all lipophilic compounds were not affected by boiling; on the contrary, steaming slightly significantly decreased the contents of lutein and β-carotene (on average 20 and 15%, respectively).

A PDA-Based Solution for the Realization of Green Leafy Vegetable Water-Fertilizer System

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Shun Kui Ke ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Yu Bin Miao ◽  
Dan Feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Personal Digital Assistant ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
Fertilizer System

Water-fertilizer management is one of the most important parts in the realization of green leafy vegetables precise cultivation. This paper mainly focus on the problem of manual records are time-consuming and difficult to maintain, introduced to apply Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) into the whole process of green leafy vegetables water-fertilizer management. By the methods of real-time gaining of the site environment data, dynamical identifying the greenhouse ID and long-distance data transmission between PDA and database server water-fertilizer management in the green leafy vegetables production can be realized. The results show that the efficiency of green leafy vegetable water-fertilizer management can be improved by PDA-based solution.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Dietary Habits and Colon Cancer Beliefs Survey (DHCCBS): An Instrument Assessing Health Beliefs Related to Red Meat and Green Leafy Vegetable Consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen S. Smith ◽  
Savannah V. Raney ◽  
Michael W. Greene ◽  
Andrew D. Frugé
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Dietary patterns characterized by higher red meat (RM) consumption are associated with increased colon cancer (CC) risk. Preclinical and epidemiological evidence suggest higher green leafy vegetable (GLV) consumption may mitigate these risks. Determining the relationship between dietary habits and expected health outcomes is needed. Methods. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to assess perceived CC susceptibility and severity, and related dietary benefits, barriers, and motivators. RM and GLV consumption were quantified using select DHQII items (n=15) capturing the previous 30 days’ intake. A 34-item Qualtrics survey was provided to a convenience sample of 1,075 adults residing throughout the US Confirmatory factor analysis measured fitness with HBM, and Cronbach’s alpha assessed subscale reliability. A subsample (n=47) completed a 2-week follow-up for test-retest reliability. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare RM and GLV intake and DHCCBS responses between genders. Individual barrier questions and RM and GLV consumption were compared using ANOVA for each gender; post hoc analyses between barrier question responses were assessed with Bonferroni correction. Results were considered significant with a p value of less than 0.05. Results. 990 US adults (52.7% female, 79.1% white, 50.8% aged 35+ years) completed valid surveys. Factor analysis with varimax rotation validated the construct of HBM subscales; only one question had a loading less than 0.745. Subscale Cronbach’s alphas ranged within 0.478-0.845. Overall test-retest reliability was acceptable (r=0.697, p=5.22x10−8). Participant BMI was (mean±SD) 26.7±6.6 kg/m2. Participants consumed (median, IQR) 2.3, 0.9-4.7 cooked cup equivalents GLV/week and 12.2, 5.8-21.5 ounces RM/week. Over half of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement “I can’t imagine never eating red meat,” while less than one eighth of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement “I don’t like the taste of green leafy vegetables.” Conclusion. The DHCCBS is a valid instrument for measuring health beliefs related to red meat, green leafy vegetables, and perceived colon cancer risk. Additionally, these findings suggest increasing GLV may be more feasible than reducing RM for CC risk reduction in meat eaters.

scholarly journals Dietary sources of vitamin C, vitamin E and specific carotenoids in Spain

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reina García-Closas ◽  
Antonio Berenguer ◽  
María José Tormo ◽  
María José Sánchez ◽  
José R. Quirós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Mediterranean Country ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Β Carotene

A cross-sectional study was conducted within the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation in Cancer and Nutrition to assess the principal food sources of vitamin C, vitamin E, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin in an adult Spanish population. The study included 41 446 healthy volunteers (25 812 women and 15 634 men), aged 29–69 years, from three Spanish regions in the north (Asturias, Navarra and Guipúzcoa) and two in the south (Murcia and Granada). Usual food intake was estimated by personal interview through a computerized version of a dietary history questionnaire. Foods that provided at least two-thirds of the studied nutrients were: fruits (mainly oranges) (51 %) and fruiting vegetables (mainly tomato and sweet pepper) (20 %) for vitamin C; vegetable oils (sunflower and olive) (40 %), non-citrus fruits (10 %), and nuts and seeds (8 %) for vitamin E; root vegetables (carrots) (82 %) for α-carotene; green leafy (28 %), root (24 %) and fruiting vegetables (22 %) for β-carotene; fruiting vegetables (fresh tomato) (72 %) for lycopene; green leafy vegetables (64 %) for lutein; citrus fruits (68 %) for β-cryptoxanthin; citrus fruits (43 %) and green leafy vegetables (20 %) for zeaxanthin. In conclusion, the main food sources of nutrients with redox properties have been identified in a Mediterranean country. This could provide an insight into the interpretation of epidemiological studies investigating the role of diet in health and disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document