scholarly journals The diet of individuals: a study of a randomly-chosen cross section of British adults in a Cambridgeshire village

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Bingham ◽  
N. I. McNeil ◽  
J. H. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Daily Intakes

1. The dietary intakes of sixty-three adults, randomly-selected from the electoral role of a large village near Cambridge, have been measured using the weighed-intake technique for 7 d.2. Mean (±sD) daily intakes (g) for men and women respectively were: energy (MJ) 10.0±2.4, 8.2±2.1; fat 104±27,90±21; protein 77±20,67± 16; carbohydrate 285±81,229±74; sucrose 91±47, 57±33.3. When interviewed at the end of the study 40% of subjects said they were watching their weight.4. Women ate less food over all than men, and proportionately less potato and bread, and used only one-third as much sugar in drinks, probably in an attempt to control their weight. Men took considerably more alcohol than the women. In the age-group 20–39 years alcohol provided 9% (1.0 MJ/d) of the total energy intake in the men.5. Wide variation in the intake of nutrients was observed amongst the individuals. For vitamin C and fibre intake this was partly explained by seasonal variation but for most nutrients total energy intake and food choice were the main determinants. The range. of intakes of nutrients such as fat was similar in these individuals to that seen amongst countries internationally. It is suggested that if differences in nutrient intake amongst the various populations of the world can be associated with disease risk, then the same interpretation should be possible in individuals.

Dietary Intakes and Food Use of Croups of Elite Australian Male Athletes

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Ross A. Gollan ◽  
Richard S.D. Read
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Daily Intakes

The present study conducted dietary surveys of four groups of Australian male athletes: triathletes, marathon runners, Australian Rules football players, and Olympic weightlifters. Their training diets were assessed via a 7-day food record from which mean daily intakes of energy, macronutrients, and key micronutrients were estimated. The data were compared between groups as well as to recommendations in the literature for athlete nutrition. Results showed major differences between groups. The contribution of carbohydrate to total energy intake was greater for triathletes and marathon runners than for the other two groups. There was no difference between all four groups in the total amount of fat consumed, yet its contribution to total energy intake was significantly lower for triathletes and marathon runners. The football players and weightlifters consumed a similar fat: energy ratio as the typical Australian diet. Furthermore, the micronutrient density of the football players' diets was significantly lower than that of the other groups.

scholarly journals Food consumption of sugarcane workers' families in the Brazilian Northeast

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Vanessa Messias Muniz ◽  
Débora Silva Cavalcanti ◽  
Nayalla Morais de Lima ◽  
Mônica Maria Osório
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the food intake of sugarcane workers' family members. METHODS: The food intake of 159 family members of sugarcane workers from Gameleira, Pernambuco, Brazilian Northeast, was investigated by directly weighing the foods on three non-consecutive days. The percent risk of inadequate macro- and micronutrient intakes was analyzed according to the Reference Dietary Intakes. The macronutrients were analyzed in relation to acceptable distribution intervals. The energy consumed from the various food groups was expressed as a ratio of the total energy intake. RESULTS: The median intake of carbohydrates and proteins remained above the Estimated Average Requirement, and all age groups presented a low risk of inadequate carbohydrate and protein intakes. The median intakes of riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, and iron remained above the Estimated Average Requirement for all age groups, but children aged 1-3 years presented a high percent risk of inadequate iron intake. All age groups presented high percent risk of inadequate zinc, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C intakes. Grains and derivatives had a greater participation in the total energy intake, especially in men aged 19-30 years. The group "milk and dairy products" had a greater participation in the diet of children aged 1-3 years. CONCLUSION: The low percent risk of inadequate carbohydrate and protein intakes in all age groups was opposed to the high risk of inadequate mineral and vitamin intakes, making the population vulnerable to nutritional disorders caused by excess macronutrient intake and inadequate micronutrient intake.

A Nutritional Analysis of Food provided to Royal Naval Personnel at Sea

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
D. C. C. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Nutritional Analysis ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Comparative Medicine

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the nutritional content of the foods provided to, and the confectionery purchased by, personnel serving at sea in British warships. Data were collected from the stores accounts of six ships over a period of 32,354 man victualling days. Analysis was carried out at the Nuffield Laboratories of Comparative Medicine. The food from the ships galleys provided mean daily intakes of 3,750 Kcals, of which 42% were derived from fats (17% from saturated fats) and 9% from added sugars. In taking account of confectionery purchased from NAAFI sources the total energy intake was raised to 4,200 Keats of which 40% were derived from fats (15% saturated fats) and 12% from added sugars. The results do not compare favourably with the recommendations of the reports of expert committees.

scholarly journals Trends in dietary intake in Switzerland, 1999 to 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Abreu ◽  
Isabel Cardoso ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaspoz ◽  
Idris Guessous ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Random Samples

AbstractObjectiveTo assess nutrition trends of the Geneva population for the period 1999–2009.DesignBus Santé Geneva study, which conducts annual health surveys in random samples of the Geneva population. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ and trends were assessed by linear regression.SettingPopulation-based survey.SubjectsData from 9283 participants (50 % women, mean age 51·5 (sd10·8) years) were analysed.ResultsIn both genders total energy intake decreased from 1999 to 2009, by 2·9 % in men and by 6·3 % in women (both trendsP< 0·005). Vegetable protein and total carbohydrate intakes, expressed as a percentage of total energy intake, increased in women. MUFA intake increased while SFA, PUFA and alcohol intakes decreased in both genders. Intakes of Ca, Fe and carotene decreased in both genders. No changes in fibre, vitamin D and vitamin A intakes were found. Similar findings were obtained after excluding participants with extreme dietary intakes, except that the decreases in SFA, vegetable protein and carbohydrate were no longer significant in women.ConclusionsBetween 1999 and 2009, a small decrease in total energy intake was noted in the Geneva population. Although the decrease in alcohol and SFA intakes is of interest, the decrease in Ca and Fe intakes may have adverse health effects in the future.

scholarly journals Effects of White Wine Consumption on Weight in Rats: Do Polyphenols Matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marija Milat ◽  
Ivana Mudnić ◽  
Ivica Grković ◽  
Nikola Ključević ◽  
Mia Grga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Wine Polyphenols

Introduction. Effects of white wine and the role of wine polyphenols on weight gain in rats of different age were examined in the 4-week-voluntary-consumption trial.Methods and Materials. Biochemically characterized standard (low polyphenols, W) and macerated (high polyphenolic content, PW) white wines were compared. One- and three-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats (n=78) were used. Each age group was subdivided into water-only-drinking controls (C), W, and PW-drinking animals. Daily wine and total liquid consumption, food intake, and body weight were measured, and energy intake and feed efficiency index were calculated.Results. In both age categories, wine-drinking animals consumed less food and gained less weight in comparison to C (181 ± 2, 179 ± 6, and 201 ± 5 in younger animals and 32 ± 5, 28 ± 6, and 47 ± 4 grams in older animals, resp.), regardless of wine type. Total energy intake was the lowest in PW-drinking animals.Conclusion. Wine-drinking animals gained less weight in comparison to C, regardless of the wines’ polyphenol content. Although our results are indicative of the major role of nonphenolic constituents of the wines (probably ethanol), the modifying role of wine phenolics on weight gain cannot be excluded as the group consuming PW had lower total energy intake than other groups.

scholarly journals Consumption of Free Sugar Predicts Nutrient Intake of Saudi Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa Abdullah Mumena
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake

Data concerning the association between free sugar intake and nutrient intake in children in the Middle East are not available. This study aimed to explore the association between the consumption of free sugar and nutrient intake among Saudi children. A cross-sectional study included 424 Saudi children ages between 6 and 12 years old and their mothers. An online survey collected sociodemographic data from mothers. Trained data collector personal contacted mothers to arrange for a phone interview in order to collect 24-h dietary recall to assess the dietary intake of children. Only 0.90% of children consumed free sugar within the recent recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) of &lt;5% of total energy intake, whereas 10.6% of children consumed free sugar &lt;10% of total energy intake. The percentage of free sugar intake was negatively associated with total energy intake. Multiple linear regression analysis of free sugar consumption and nutrient intake adjusted for children's age and sex indicated that a higher percentage of free sugar intake significantly predicted lower intake of saturated fat, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Excessive intake of free sugar predicted a lower intake of many essential nutrients. Interventions that aim to reduce the intake of free sugar are urgently needed in order to improve diet of growing children. Future research to explore top food sources of free sugar is needed to establish effective interventions that aim to limit free sugar intake among children.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of the Online Food4Me Food-Frequency Questionnaire for Estimating Dietary Intakes across Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 1068-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Steven J Marshall ◽  
Katherine M Livingstone ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
Hannah Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Frequency

Abstract Background: Accurate dietary assessment is key to understanding nutrition-related outcomes and is essential for estimating dietary change in nutrition-based interventions. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the pan-European reproducibility of the Food4Me food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in assessing the habitual diet of adults. Methods: Participants from the Food4Me study, a 6-mo, Internet-based, randomized controlled trial of personalized nutrition conducted in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Netherlands, Germany, Greece, and Poland, were included. Screening and baseline data (both collected before commencement of the intervention) were used in the present analyses, and participants were included only if they completed FFQs at screening and at baseline within a 1-mo timeframe before the commencement of the intervention. Sociodemographic (e.g., sex and country) and lifestyle [e.g., body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) and physical activity] characteristics were collected. Linear regression, correlation coefficients, concordance (percentage) in quartile classification, and Bland-Altman plots for daily intakes were used to assess reproducibility. Results: In total, 567 participants (59% female), with a mean ± SD age of 38.7 ± 13.4 y and BMI of 25.4 ± 4.8, completed both FFQs within 1 mo (mean ± SD: 19.2 ± 6.2 d). Exact plus adjacent classification of total energy intake in participants was highest in Ireland (94%) and lowest in Poland (81%). Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) in total energy intake between FFQs ranged from 0.50 for obese participants to 0.68 and 0.60 in normal-weight and overweight participants, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed a mean difference between FFQs of 210 kcal/d, with the agreement deteriorating as energy intakes increased. There was little variation in reproducibility of total energy intakes between sex and age groups. Conclusions: The online Food4Me FFQ was shown to be reproducible across 7 European countries when administered within a 1-mo period to a large number of participants. The results support the utility of the online Food4Me FFQ as a reproducible tool across multiple European populations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.

scholarly journals Association of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene variant (rs9939609) with dietary intake in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1859-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Lappalainen ◽  
Jaana Lindström ◽  
Jussi Paananen ◽  
Johan G. Eriksson ◽  
Leila Karhunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Study

A cluster of variants in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are associated with the common form of obesity. Well-documented dietary data are required for identifying how the genetic risk can be modified by dietary factors. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between the FTO risk allele (rs9939609) and dietary intake, and to evaluate how dietary intake affects the association between FTO and BMI in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study during a mean follow-up of 3·2 years. A total of 479 (BMI >25 kg/m2) men and women were genotyped for rs9939609. The participants completed a 3 d food record at baseline and before every annual study visit. The average intakes at baseline and during the years 1, 2 and 3 were calculated. At baseline, the FTO variant rs9939609 was not associated with the mean values of total energy intake, macronutrients or fibre. At baseline, a higher BMI by the FTO risk genotype was detected especially in those who reported a diet high in fat with mean BMI of 30·6 (sd 4·1), 31·3 (sd 4·6) and 34·5 (sd 6·2) kg/m2 for TT, TA and AA carriers, respectively (P =0·005). Higher BMI was also observed in those who had a diet low in carbohydrates (P =0·028) and fibre (P =0·015). However, in the analyses adjusted for total energy intake, age and sex, significant interactions between FTO and dietary intakes were not found. These findings suggest that the association between the FTO genotype and obesity is influenced by the components of dietary intake, and the current dietary recommendations are particularly beneficial for those who are genetically susceptible for obesity.

scholarly journals The role of eating frequency on total energy intake and diet quality in a low-income, racially diverse sample of schoolchildren

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Whitney Evans ◽  
Paul F Jacques ◽  
Gerard E Dallal ◽  
Jennifer Sacheck ◽  
Aviva Must
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
School Age ◽  
Elementary School Age

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship of meal and snacking patterns with overall dietary intake and relative weight in children is unclear. The current study was done to examine how eating, snack and meal frequencies relate to total energy intake and diet quality.DesignThe cross-sectional associations of eating, meal and snack frequencies with total energy intake and diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005), were examined in separate multivariable mixed models. Differences were examined between elementary school-age participants (9–11 years) and adolescents (12–15 years).SettingTwo non-consecutive 24 h diet recalls were collected from children attending four schools in the greater Boston area, MA, USA.SubjectsOne hundred and seventy-six schoolchildren, aged 9–15 years.ResultsOverall, 82 % of participants consumed three daily meals. Eating, meal and snack frequencies were statistically significantly and positively associated with total energy intake. Each additional reported meal and snack was associated with an 18·5 % and a 9·4 % increase in total energy intake, respectively (P<0·001). The relationships of eating, meal and snack frequencies with diet quality differed by age category. In elementary school-age participants, total eating occasions and snacks increased HEI-2005 score. In adolescents, each additional meal increased HEI-2005 score by 5·40 points (P=0·01), whereas each additional snack decreased HEI-2005 score by 2·73 points (P=0·006).ConclusionsFindings suggest that snacking increases energy intake in schoolchildren. Snacking is associated with better diet quality in elementary school-age children and lower diet quality in adolescents. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of snacking in excess weight gain in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Avocado Intake on Energy and Nutrient Intake of Hispanic Families: A Cluster Randomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 815-815
Author(s):  
Ryan Bradley ◽  
Lorena Pacheco ◽  
Cheryl Anderson ◽  
Julie Denenberg ◽  
Greg Talavera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Energy And Nutrient Intake

Abstract Objectives Avocados are nutrient-dense and could be a favorable component of a healthy dietary pattern, yet there are limited data on the effects of avocado intake on nutritional status. To test if avocados impact energy intake, we examined the effects of two levels of avocado intake, plus a standard nutrition education intervention, on energy and nutrient intake in families of Hispanic Heritage. Methods Between April 2017 and June 2018, we conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in families consisting of at least 3 members residing in the same home, at least 5 years of age, free of severe chronic disease, not on specific diets, and self-identified of Hispanic heritage. Seventy-two (n = 72) families were randomized to one of two groups: nutrition education with low avocado allotment (3 avocados/family/week) or nutrition education with high avocado allotment (14 avocados/family/week). Community health workers (i.e., Promotoras) led 12 bi-weekly in-home nutrition education sessions per family and delivered weekly avocado allotments. Dietary patterning, energy and nutrient intake were measured at baseline, and after 3- and 6-months. The primary outcome was change in a family's total energy intake after 6 months. Secondary outcome measures included differences in macro- and micronutrients between groups. Results Over the 6-month follow-up period, the mean difference in energy intake for the high versus low avocado intervention group was −1884 kcals/family/day (95% CI −3205 to −563 kcals, P &lt; 0.01). The high avocado intake group also had significant reductions in carbohydrate, animal and vegetable protein saturated and polyunsaturated fat calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, and vitamin D intakes (P &lt; 0.05 for all). There were no significant changes in MUFA or dietary fiber intakes. Conclusions In families of Hispanic heritage, an intervention including nutrition education combined with 14 avocados/week, compared to 3 avocados per week, resulted in a significant reduction in calories and select macro- and micronutrients. This trial suggests interventions with specific plant foods, but without specific counseling on energy restriction, may lead to reductions in total energy intake. Future studies should investigate the effects of avocado intake in other populations. Funding Sources Hass Avocado Board.

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