scholarly journals Effects of food or nutrient restriction on milk vitamin A transfer and neonatal vitamin A stores in the rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria ◽  
G. Pasatiempo ◽  
A. Catharine Ross
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Affect Transfer ◽  
Liver Vitamin

We have investigated the effects of maternal diets low in fat or protein, or restricted in total food intake on vitamin A transfer from the dam to her pups. When animals were fed on diets moderately restricted in fat or protein, minimal differences in milk, serum, and liver vitamin A concentrations were observed compared with animals fed on a control diet. In a second study, dams were fed on diets more severely restricted in protein, or fat, or both, or were fed on a control diet equal to 50% of the intake of control rats but containing an equal amount of vitamin A. The quantity of milk obtained from these more severely restricted dams' nipples or the pups' stomachs was greatly reduced; however, there were no differences in milk vitamin A concentration. Body-weight, liver weight, and total liver vitamin A stores of undernourished pups were just half those measured for control pups, although serum vitamin A and serum retinol-binding protein were nearly normal in concentration. We conclude that (a) moderate restrictions in fat or protein in the maternal diet are insufficient to affect transfer of vitamin A to the suckling pup; (b) further dietary restrictions could cause decreased milk production with little change in milk vitamin A concentration and, hence, (c) the neonates' hepatic retinol accumulation during the suckling period is markedly reduced when maternal diets are severely deficient in fat or protein or of normal composition but restricted in amount.

Changes in Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, beta-carotene, Vitamins C, A, D and E Status of French Elderly Subjects during the First Year of Institutionalization

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Chantal Essama-Tjani ◽  
Jean-Claude Guilland ◽  
Françoise Fuchs ◽  
Marie Lombard ◽  
Dominique Richard
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Serum Retinol

Vitamin status was assessed in 26 recently institutionalized elderly subjects by combining dietary and biochemical measurements of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, beta-carotene, vitamins C, A, D and E at admission (P1), and 1.5 (P2), 3.0 (P3), 4.5 (P4), 6.0 (P5), 12 (P6) months later. At admission, except for vitamin A, mean vitamin intakes were lower than the 1992 French Recommended Dietary Allowance. Thiamin, vitamins C, A and E status seemed nearly satisfactory as less than one-fourth of the population sample had blood values lower than the cut-off point for thiamin (erythrocyte thiamin pyrophosphate < 0.17 mumol/l), vitamin A (serum retinol < 1.05 mumol/l), vitamin C (serum vitamin C < 11.3 mumol/l) and vitamin E (serum alpha-tocopherol < 9.3 mumol/l) or higher than the cut-off point for thiamin (erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient > 1.19). Almost half of the subjects for riboflavin, and almost all non supplemented subjects for vitamin D were in risk of vitamin deficiency (46% had an erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient > 1.19 and 72% had a plasma 25(OH)D3 < 25 nmol/l). During the study, vitamins status remained unchanged for riboflavin, niacin, vitamins A, D and E, improved for vitamin C (P = 0.004) or impaired for thiamin (P = 0.008). Thus, institutionalization seemed to have no effect on riboflavin, niacin, vitamins A, D and E status and a slight effect on thiamin and vitamin C status.

Liver weight and its N and vitamin A contents in piglets from sows fed two levels of protein and food

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Frape ◽  
K. L. Wolf ◽  
J. Wilkinson ◽  
L. G. Chubb
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Liver Vitamin

SUMMARYGestating female pigs received either a low or a high intake per day of diets containing either a low or high protein concentration. A change in the composition of both diets occurred after 2 years, when the protein quality of the high protein diet was improved and the energy content of both diets was increased. Vitamin A determinations were carried out on 245 piglet livers and 32 pairs of kidneys and lungs at birth from 47 sows. The livers, kidneys and lungs of 16 sows were also analysed for vitamin A after approximately 4 years on experiment. Vitamin A was detected at birth with antimony trichloride in the liver of the piglet, but not in the kidney or lung. The sow's kidney was found to contain only small amounts and lung tissue only traces.A dietary vitamin A level of 4800 i.u./kg during the breeding life of healthy sows, or 8600 i.u./day during gestation, was adequate from the point of view of both a constant storage in piglet livers at birth over eight to ten parities and a relatively high concentration remaining in sow livers after that period. This conclusion is in line with recommendations of the Agricultural Research Council (1966).As a consequence of differences in both the condition of the sows and in their responses in the two periods, the results for each period are presented separately. In the first 2-year period, when the sows received a relatively low intake of dietary protein during gestation (between 248 and 317 g protein/sow/day), and a low energy intake; that is, when protein was used for energy production, the liver vitamin A storage of the piglet at birth was increased by raising either the daily protein intake during gestation to 352 g, or the food intake from 1·8 to 2·3 kg/sow/day. Liver vitamin A and N concentrations were negatively correlated with liver weight, but increasing dietary protein concentration raised liver weight and its vitamin A content. Liver vitamin A per piglet was not affected by litter size.A conclusion may not be drawn concerning the contribution of dietary energy to the differences in response between periods, because in addition to dietary changes other differences occurred between periods. Nevertheless, in the second 2-year period, when energy intake during gestation was adequate for normal growth and development, a difference of 150 g in protein intake/sow/day (363 g against 208 g) had no effect on liver weight or its vitamin A content. Furthermore, there was no significant treatment effect on total protein or albumin concentrations in the serum of the sow.

scholarly journals Use of the retinol-binding protein : transthyretin ratio for assessment of vitamin A status during the acute-phase response

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Filteau ◽  
Juana F. Willumsen ◽  
Keith Sullivan ◽  
Karin Simmank ◽  
Mary Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Plasma Retinol

The ratio plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) : transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as a means to improve the assessment of vitamin A status of individuals with concurrent infection or inflammation. We have measured RBP and TTR in stored sera from South African children who had accidentally ingested kerosene. Samples were collected from these children in hospital when suffering acute inflammation and respiratory distress, and from them and neighbourhood control children 3 months later. Vitamin A status was defined by modified relative dose response (MRDR) tests of liver retinol stores at 3 months and by serum retinol concentration both when children were ill and when they were well. Illness was defined as either being in hospital or, at follow-up, as having a raised plasma α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) level. The RBP : TTR value was significantly decreased by both illness and low liver retinol stores. When the effects on RBP : TTR of illness and vitamin A stores were considered together for the 3-month follow-up samples, only vitamin A status significantly decreased the value. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of the RBP : TTR ratio against established measures of vitamin A status using a cut-off value of 0·3 for RBP : TTR and standard cut-off values for MRDR (0·06) and plasma retinol (0·7 μmol/l). Compared with MRDR, RBP : TTR had sensitivities of 76 % and 43 % and specificities of 22 % and 81 % to detect vitamin A deficiency in hospitalized and well children respectively. Compared with plasma retinol, sensitivities were 88 % and 44 % and specificities were 55 % and 64 % in hospitalized and well children respectively. Only for the case of clinically well children with biochemical evidence of subclinical inflammation did sensitivity (62 % and 100 % against MRDR and plasma retinol respectively) and specificity (100 % and 60 % against MRDR and retinol) approach useful levels for an assessment tool. Overall, although a trend supporting the theory behind the use of the RBP : TTR for assessment of vitamin A status in infection was observed in the current study, the ratio did not provide adequate sensitivity and specificity to be a useful assessment tool.

scholarly journals Serum Vitamin A and Inflammatory Markers in Individuals with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. O. Caram ◽  
R. A. F. Amaral ◽  
R. Ferrari ◽  
S. E. Tanni ◽  
C. R. Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Copd Patients

Background.Vitamin A is essential for the preservation and integrity of the lung epithelium and exerts anti-inflammatory effects.Objective.Evaluating vitamin A in the serum and sputum and testing its correlation with inflammatory markers in individuals with or without COPD.Methods.We evaluated dietary intake, serum and sputum vitamin A, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and C-reactive protein in 50 COPD patients (age = 64.0 ± 8.8 y; FEV1(forced expiratory volume in the first second) (%) = 49.8 ± 16.8) and 50 controls (age = 48.5 ± 7.4 y; FEV1(%) = 110.0 ± 15.7).Results.COPD exhibited lower serum vitamin A (1.8 (1.2–2.1) versus 2.1 (1.8–2.4)μmol/L,P<0.001) and lower vitamin A intake (636.9 (339.6–1349.6) versus 918.0 (592.1–1654.6) RAE,P=0.05) when compared with controls. Sputum concentration of vitamin A was not different between groups. Sputum vitamin A and neutrophils were negatively correlated (R2=-0.26;P=0.03). Smoking (0.197,P=0.042) exhibited positive association with serum vitamin A. COPD was associated with lower serum concentrations of vitamin A without relationship with the systemic inflammation.Conclusions.Serum concentration of vitamin A is negatively associated with the presence of COPD and positively associated with smoking status. Sputum retinol is quantifiable and is negatively influenced by neutrophils. Although COPD patients exhibited increased inflammation it was not associated with serum retinol.

Serum Vitamin A and E Concentrations in Acute Falciparum Malaria: Modulators or Markers of Severity?

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. E. Davis ◽  
Tran Quang Binh ◽  
Phan Thi Danh ◽  
John R. Dyer ◽  
Andrew St John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Serum Retinol Concentration ◽  
Retinol Concentration

1. To assess the association between vitamin A, vitamin E and the clinical course of severe malaria, serial morning blood samples were taken from 24 Vietnamese patients, aged 18–62 years, receiving intensive treatment for complicated Plasmodium falciparum infections. A single fasting blood sample was also taken from 10 control subjects aged 22–45 years. Serum retinol, carotene and vitamin E concentrations were measured by h.p.l.c. 2. Admission serum retinol concentration was depressed relative to that of the control subjects (0.69 ± 0.35 versus 1.86 ± 0.41μmol/l mean ± SD, P < 0.001) and correlated inversely with indices of hepatic function, but positively with the simultaneous serum creatinine concentration (P < 0.05). During the first week of treatment, serum retinol concentration increased in parallel with improving liver function, whereas serum creatinine concentration remained elevated in the majority of patients. Serum α- and β-carotene concentrations remained depressed throughout. 3. Serum vitamin E concentration, corrected for total serum cholesterol concentration in the form of a ratio, was also depressed at presentation (3.1 ± 1.8×103 versus 4.2 ± 0.8×103 in control subjects; P < 0.05), but tended to be higher than the control value at the time of discharge (0.1 > P > 0.05); there was a significant correlation between admission ratio and parasite clearance time (P = 0.04). 4. On the basis of this and previous studies, vitamin A replacement could be considered in selected severely ill patients without renal impairment. As found previously in animal models, depressed vitamin E levels may have a beneficial effect on the course of malarial infection.

scholarly journals Efficacy of massive oral doses of retinyl palmitate and mango (Mangifera indica L.) consumption to correct an existing vitamin A deficiency in Senegalese children

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Carlier ◽  
Michel Etchepare ◽  
Jean-François Ceccon ◽  
Marie-Sophie Mourey ◽  
Olivier Amédée-Manesme
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Β Carotene

Administration of large oral doses of retinyl palmitate has become the most widely practised vitamin A deficiency prevention strategy in developing countries. We conducted a follow-up study among 220 Senegalese children aged 2–7 years suffering from moderate undernutrition to determine the efficacy of vitamin A treatment on their vitamin A status assessed by biochemical and cytological (impression cytology with transfer) methods. The first examination (T = 0 m[onth]) was carried out during April 1989, before the mango (Mangifera indica L,) harvest. The second examination (T = 2 m) was carried out 2 months after vitamin A treatment during June 1989 when ripe mangoes become widely available. Conjunctival cells of the eyes of the children with or without ocular inflammation were responsive to vitamin A administration (P < 0.01). There was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in mean serum retinol and β-carotene levels between T = 0 m and T = 2 m. Mean serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) levels did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) at T = 0 m and T = 2 m. Despite the intake of vitamin A, 54% of the children who had abnormal cytology at T = 0 m remained abnormal at T = 2 m. This was due to inadequate levels of TTR and RBP, presumably due to the cereal diet eaten by the Senegalese population. Children with abnormal eye cytology had lower serum retinol levels than those with normal eyes at T = 0 m, and β-carotene values did not correlate with eye cytological abnormalities at T = 0 m. Children with normal cytology had higher serum retinol and also β-carotene levels than those with abnormal cytology after massive oral doses of vitamin A and consumption of mangoes at T = 2 m. Retinyl palmitate may, therefore, only lead to partial cytological improvement due to a lack of retinol-carrier proteins but dietary β-carotene may also be involved

Serum vitamin A, retinol-binding protein, and prealbumin concentrations in protein-calorie malnutrition

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 982-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Rees Smith ◽  
DeWitt S. Goodman ◽  
Guillermo Arroyave ◽  
Fernando Viteri
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition
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