scholarly journals Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep 6. The effect of monosodium glutamate on the palatability of straw diets by sham-fed and normal animals

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo E. Colucci ◽  
W. Larry Grovum
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Voluntary Intake

1. Sheep with oesophageal fistulas were used in sham-feeding experiments to assess how sham intakes were affected by (a) physical form of straw (finely and coarsely ground; ground and pelleted), (b) type of food (straw pellets v. lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay pellets) and (c) additions of monosodium glutamate (MSG) with or without NaCl to the various straw diets. Normal animals were also fed on diets with and without MSG. Sham intakes of fine-ground loose straw (25 g/30 min) were markedly less (P = 0.002) than those of ground and pelleted straw (711 g/30 min). However, MSG at 5–40 g/kg fine and coarse ground straw increased sham intakes by 146 (P = 0.04) and 164% (P = 0.01) respectively. These findings indicated that the intakes of poor-quality diets can be increased by compacting them or by improving their palatability with MSG, or both. Sham intakes of straw pellets in two experiments were 32 (P = 0.02) and 45% (P = 0.008) of those of lucerne pellets (436 v. 1366 and 737 v. 1640 g/30 min). However, MSG at 20 g/kg straw pellets increased sham intakes from 674 to 1100 g/30 min (P = 0.05). When the MSG was mixed with NaCl (20 g/kg), the intakes of straw pellets were increased from 1089 to 1512 g/30 min (P = 0.02). Thus, the addition of MSG with or without NaCl increased the intakes of straw pellets. The highest intakes of the straw pellets treated with MSG were similar to those for lucerne pellets. When MSG-treated ammoniated barley straw (10 g/kg) was fed to normal sheep, the MSG increased DM intakes by 10 % (719–789 g/d; P = 0.04). MSG sprayed onto grass hay (10 g/kg) did not, however, affect daily DM intakes by these sheep. In general, the findings indicate that the intake of straw by ruminants may be increased by compressing it to form pellets or cubes and by adding MSG.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Grovum ◽  
H. W. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Acid Salt ◽  
Related Effect ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Voluntary Intake

1. Sheep with oesophageal fistulas were sham-fed on pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay to assess the palatability of added chemicals representing the tastes of sweet (sucrose), sour (hydrochloric acid), salt (sodium chloride), bitter (urea) and umami (monosodium glutamate; MSG).2. Plain pellets and four concentrations of each chemical were sham-fed for 30 min after 5·5 h deprivation in 5x5 Latin-square experiments following a period of adaptation feeding.3. Sucrose, at concentrations of 15–120 g/kg air-dried pellets, depressed intakes with a linear relation between intake (I; g) and concentration (C; g/kg): I = 1001-3·42C.4. HCl at 6·25–25·0 g/kg pellets had no effect on sham intakes but at 50 g/kg reduced them by 50% of control (P < 0·05).5. NaCl at 50–200 g/kg increased sham intakes by 26% (P < 0·01) with no evidence of a dose-related effect.6. Urea at 10–80 g/kg decreased sham intakes by 26·9% (P < 0·01) with no evidence of a dose-related effect.7. MSG at 5–40 g/kg in two experiments increased sham intakes by 16·1 and 40·8% (P < 0·05). In another experiment at 1-8 g/kg there wasno significant effect.8. When palatability and post-ingestive effects are separated by sham-feeding, the effect of added chemicals on intake may be completely different from when they are ingestednormally (e.g. NaCl and sucrose). This newly developed technique enables the palatabilityeffect of feed additives to be tested critically and economically.

The feeding value of straw from different genotypes of barley when given to Awassi sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Capper ◽  
E. F. Thomson ◽  
S. Rihawi ◽  
A. Termanini ◽  
R. Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Male Sheep

ABSTRACTBarley straw constitutes up to half of the dry-matter intake of Awassi sheep in areas of Syria where the rainfall is 200 to 350 mm. The genotype of barley planted could therefore, through the nutritive value of its straw, significantly affect flock production levels. Selection of suitable barley genotypes may have greater economic potential as a means of improving roughage feeding quality in these areas than chemical or physical processing.The voluntary intake and digestibility of the unsupplemented straw of three genotypes of barley was evaluated with Awassi castrated male sheep. The voluntary organic-matter (OM) intakes of handharvested Beecher, Arabic Abied and ER/Apam straw were 22·2, 34·7 and 27·0 g/kg M0·75 per day and OM digestibility coefficients were 0·39, 0·44 and 0·42. The factors affecting voluntary intake and digestibility appeared to be the proportions of leaf and stem. Beecher straw had less leaf and more stem than the other two genotypes. The chemical composition and in vitro cellulase digestibility of the leaf indicated that it had a higher potential feeding value than stem.ER/Apam appears to be an example of a genotype which under dry environmental conditions combines higher barley grain yields with more acceptable straw feeding value than several other genotypes evaluated.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Grovum
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Polyethylene Tube ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Compensatory Feeding ◽  
Voluntary Intake

1. Sheep equipped with rumen and abomasal cannulas were given ad lib. access to ground and pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay except for periods of up to 6 h immediately before experimental sessions in which food intake was measured while various stomach compartments were either distended or subjected to tactile stimulation from a probe.2. Inserting a probe, consisting of two collapsed balloons tied onto the end of a polyethylene tube, into the reticulum depressed intake by 24% after 30 min of feeding (P < 0.025). Compensatory feeding was observed during the 30 min period immediately following removal of the probes. There were no effects of having a probe in the abomasum.3. Distension of the reticulum with 0–800 ml water in a balloon depressed intake by 0.2 g/ml after 30 min of feeding (P < 0.05). Removing the balloons from the animals allowed them to make up the deficit in intake completely within 30 min. Distending the rumen by 800 ml had no effect on intake (P < 0.05). Distending the abomasum with up to 1000 ml water in a balloon depressed intake by 0.11 g/ml after 30 min of feeding with compensatory feeding being significant (P < 0.05) but incomplete.4. Combinations of reticular distension up to 800 ml and of abomasal distension up to 1200 ml did not have additive depressing effects on intake.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Grovum
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Threshold Dose ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Contraction Amplitude ◽  
Voluntary Intake

1. Sheep given ground and pelleted lucerne hay (Medicago sativa)ad lib.were infused intravenously with pentagastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and its analogues to assess their effects on motility of the reticulo-rumen and on food intake. In the latter experiments the animals were deprived of their diet for periods of up to 6 h to induce hunger and the infusions were made before and during 3–10 min periods of feeding.2. Pentagastrin, an analogue of gastrin, depressed intake by 35–50% (P< 0.05) when it was infused at 9 μg/kg per h during 30 min of feeding. The threshold may however be below 1 μg/kg per h as this dose decreased intake of 12–17%. The frequency of reticular contractions decreased by 13, 35, 39 and 44% when 1, 3, 9 and 27 μg pentagastrin/kg per h respectively was infused (P> 0.025).3. Secretin depressed food intake 38% after 30 min (P> 0.025) when 8 Clinical Units (CU)/kg per h was infused but the threshold could be less than this dose since 0.5 CU/kg per h depressed intake by 12%. Contraction amplitude but not frequency decreased at 8 CU/kg per h.4. CCK produced a 39% decrease in intake during the first 10 min of feeding (P< 0.05) and the threshold was between 5 and 15 Ivy Dog Units (IDU) or 425 and 1276 pmol/kg per h. The frequency of reticular contractions was not affected by 1.7 IDU/kg per h but it was depressed 21 and 63% by 5 and 15 IDU/kg per h. Octapeptide at 1.5 and 3 μg (1312 and 2624 pmol)/kg per h depressed intake by 11 and 43% respectively after 10 min (not significant) and 1.5 μg/kg per h depressed motility by 39% (P< 0.01). Ceruletide at 810 ng (599 pmol)/kg per h depressed intake by 31% (not significant) after 10 min and decreased motility by 52% (P> 0.05). The threshold dose for ceruletide on intake appeared to be about 90 ng or 66 pmol/kg per h which is considerably less than that for CCK or octapeptide.5. The biological significance of gastrointestinal hormones as signals of satiety in normal sheep is not known since doses of pentagastrin and CCK that suppressed intake also interfered quite markedly with motility. However there is good reason to suspect that elevated concentrations of gastrin and CCK in blood of parasitized sheep may account at least in part for their symptoms of rumen atony and reduced food intakes.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Grovum ◽  
G. D. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Voluntary Intake

1. Twelve sheep fitted with abomasal cannulas were givenad lib.access to a diet of chopped lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay to ascertain if the amount of digesta being transported by the intestines was limiting intake. If this was the situation, pumping a solution of the bulk-laxative methylcellulose (100 g/kg; MC) into the abomasum should have reduced intake in proportion to the mass of digesta attributable to the MC and associated water. In preliminary experiments faecal water and wet matter ouptuts increased by 6.2 and 7.4 g/g MC powder respectively.2. The infusion of 2.95 kg MC/d did not affect food intake even though wet faecal output increased from a control value of 2.436 to 4.616 kg/d. The transit time of51Cr-EDTA through the intestines decreased only slightly during the infusion indicating that MC produced a marked increase in the mass of intestinal contents. Increasing the rate of infusion to 5.336 kg/d increased wet faecal output to 5.437 kg/d, did not change transit time but significantly decreased food intake presumably to protect the intestines from overdistension. After stopping the infusion, food intakes and faecal outputs returned to control values but transit time remained unchanged. The intake of chopped lucerne hay by sheep was not limited by the capacity of the small and large intestines to transport bulk as intake was maintained even though wet faecal output was doubled and the intestines apparently became markedly distended.

Voluntary intake and digestion of Coastal Bermuda grass hay by yearling and mature horses

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Aiken ◽  
G.D. Potter ◽  
B.E. Conrad ◽  
J.W. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Voluntary Intake

The effect of Beckmann's treatment by sodium hydroxide on the digestibility and feeding value of barley straw for horses

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Basal Ration

The digestibility coefficients of old barley straw fed with a basal ration of oats, bran and maize to two adult horses and of the same straw after treatment by Beckmann's method were ascertained. The coefficients of the nitrogen-free extractives and the crude fibre of the untreated straw were 33·23 and 38·24 respectively and of the treated straw 54·14 and 63·71. There was a reduction in the digestibility of the small quantity of protein and fat.Taking into account the 14·5% of dry matter lost during treatment, the starch equivalent value of the treated material was somewhat higher than that of poor quality meadow hay.The digestibility coefficients were considerably lower for an immature horse previously maintained entirely on fresh grass.

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