scholarly journals Protein and enery relationships in the broiler chicken 12. Dietary protein and triidothyronine (T3) effects on the response of broilers to isoproterenol and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Rosebrough ◽  
A.D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Protein Level

Indian River male broiler chickens (7-d-old) were fed on diets containing 120, 210 or 300 g crude protein/kg + 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T3)/kg diet (Expt 1) and 120, 150, 180 or 210 g crude protein/kg +0 or 1 mg T3/kg diet (Expt 2) to determine the effects of crude protein level and T3 on growth and metabolism. Body composition of chickens was determined by a combination of dissection of muscle and abdominal fat pads, and chemical extraction (Expt 1). In vitro lipogenesis (IVL) was determined in both experiments by incubating liver explants for 2 h at 37° in the presence of 10-4 M-dibutyryl cyclic AMP (cAMP) or 10-5 M isoproterenol (ISO) and 10-2 M-[2-14C]acetate. Acetate incorporation into total lipid was an indication of IVL. Activity ratios for each of these additions relative to control (?cAMP?ISO) were calculated to ascertain basal ν. inhibited rates of IVL. The relative muscle mass was increased by increasing crude protein from 120 to 210 g/kg diet but not from 210 to 300 g/kg diet. Dietary T3 decreased total body lipid regardless of the dietary crude-protein level. Increasing dietary crude protein decreased (P<0.05) basal IVL (?cAMP? ISO) but not IVL (+ cAMP). Dietary T3 decreased basal IVL in birds fed on the diets containing 120 and 210 g crude protein/kg but had little effect on the two inhibited states of lipogenesis (+ cAMP or +ISO). The component of lipogenesis sensitive to in vitro inhibition is also the component under dietary control.

Effects of growth and dietary crude protein level until first insemination on milk production during first lactation in Holstein heifers

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashige ISHII ◽  
Kenji KAWASHIMA ◽  
Haruo ORIBE ◽  
Hiromi UEDA ◽  
Toshiya HASUNUMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Protein Level

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Bamei Pig Intestinal Colony Compositional Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Guoshun Chen ◽  
Lili Song ◽  
Mingjie Chai ◽  
Yongfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crude Protein Level ◽  
Microbial Diversities

Diets containing different crude protein levels (16%, 14%, and 12%) were created to feed Bamei pigs in order to study the effect of these compositions on intestinal colonies. Therefore, 27 healthy Bamei pigs of similar weight ( 20.99   kg ± 0.16   kg ) were selected and randomly divided into three groups for microbial diversity analysis. The results of this study show that microbial diversities and abundances in Bamei pig jejunum and caecum samples after feeding with different dietary protein levels were significantly different. Dietary crude protein level exerted no significant effect on the Shannon index for cecum microbes in these pigs, while Simpson, ACE, and Chao1 indices for group I were all significantly higher than those of either the control group or group II ( P < 0.05 ). Indeed, data show that microbial diversities and abundances in the 14% protein level group were higher than those in either the 16% or 12% groups. Dominant bacteria present in jejunum and cecum samples given low-protein diets were members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data show that as dietary crude protein level decreases, representatives of the microbial flora genus Lactobacillus in jejunum and cecum samples gradually increases. Values for the KEGG functional prediction of microbial flora at different dietary protein levels also show that genes of jejunum and cecum microorganisms were mainly enriched in the “metabolism” pathway and indicate that low protein diets increase intestinal metabolic activity. Therefore, we recommend that Bamei pig dietary protein levels are reduced 2% from their existing level of 16% crude protein. We also suggest that essential synthetic amino acids (AA) are added to optimize this ideal protein model as this will increase intestinal flora diversity in these pigs and enhance health. These changes will have a positive effect in promoting the healthy growth of Bamei pigs.

scholarly journals Protein and energy relationships in the broiler chicken

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rosebrough ◽  
J. P. McMurtry
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Relationships ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 35d were fed on a diet containing 150g crude protein (N × 6·25)/kg diet supplemented with lysine to equal that in diets containing 166, 183 and 200g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 1). A second group of male broiler chickens growing over the same period were fed on a diet containing 120g crude protein/kg supplemented with lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine equal to that in diets containing 144, 172 and 200g crude protein/kg diet (Expt 2). Growth was improved by lysine supplementation but not to the level attained by feeding 200g crude protein/kg (Expt 1). Lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine and isoleucine supplementation of a low-protein diet also improved growth, but growth again fell short of that attained by feeding a diet containing 200g crude protein/kg. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and thyroxine concentrations increased and triiodothyronine decreased as the crude protein level increased from 150 to 200g/kg diet. Supplemental lysine did not affect plasma levels of these hormones. Although dietary crude protein levels noticeably changed rates ofin vitrolipogenesis, changing either the level of a single limiting amino acid or the levels of several limiting amino acids did not change lipogenesis.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary crude protein level on odour from pig manure

animal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Le ◽  
A.J.A. Aarnink ◽  
A.W. Jongbloed ◽  
C.M.C.Vander Peet-Schwering ◽  
N.W.M. Ogink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Protein Level

scholarly journals Further studies on carry-over effects of dietary crude protein and triiodothyronine (T3) in broiler chickens

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rosebrough ◽  
J. P. McMurtry ◽  
R. Vasilatos-Younken
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Young Chicken ◽  
Plasma Gh

Indian River male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 d of age were fed on diets containing either 120 or 210 g crude protein and 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T3)/kg diet to study in vitro lipogenesis (IVL). In addition, a carry-over period (180 g crude protein/kg diet from 28 to 40 d of age) was used to test the persistence of prior treatment effects. The higher protein level increased, but T3 decreased (P < 0.01) growth and feed consumption at 28 d of age. The lower protein level increased (P < 0.05) and T3 decreased IVL in 28-d-old chickens. These effects were only sustained for 6 d following the switch to a common diet at 28 d. IVL at 40 d of age was not affected by either crude protein or T3 fed during the 7–28 d period. The higher protein level increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 during the period from 7 to 28 d; however, this effect lasted for only 6 d following the switch to a common diet. Plasma growth hormone (GH) at 28 d of age was inversely related to dietary protein level. Changing to a common level of crude protein did not change plasma GH values at 12 d, indicating that the nutritional state of the young chicken may affect GH at a later period of life. Metabolic changes noted in this study were rapid and maintained for a short period of time following the feeding of a common diet.Lipogenesis: Dietary protein: Triiodothyronine

Dietary Adrenergic Active Compounds and The Response of Broilers to Isoproterenol and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-355
Author(s):  
R. W. Rosebrough
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Adrenergic Agents ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Malic Enzyme Activity

Broiler chickens, growing from 7–28 days of age, were fed diets containing 18% protein and 0, 1, 10 or 100 mg/kg yohimbine (alpha2-adrenergic antagonist) or metaproterenol (beta-adrenergic agonist) to determine the role of adrenergic agents in the regulation of feeding behavior and metabolism. Data from this experiment suggest that beta-adrenergic agonists have slight effects on feed intake, growth and more pronounced effects on metabolism in the broiler chicken. In vitro lipogenesis (IVL) was determined by incubating liver explants for 2 h at 37°C in the presence of cAMP or isoproterenol (ISO) and [2-14C]acetate and by measuring acetate incorporation into total hepatic lipid. Metaproterenol and yohimbine (100 mg/kg) depressed growth from 7 to 28 days. Both metaproterenol and yohimbine (100 mg/kg) decreased (P < 0.05) IVL compared to controls. These dietary additions also decreased (P < 0.05) hepatic malic enzyme activity without affecting the activities of either isocitrate dehydrogenase or aspartate aminotransferase.

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