scholarly journals The effects of feeding suet-enriched chow on site-specific differences in the composition of triacylglycerol fatty acids in adipose tissue and its interactionsin vitrowith lymphoid cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Mattacks ◽  
Caroline M. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Site Specific

The effects of diet on the composition and properties of adipose tissue in relation to lymph nodes were studied in adult guinea-pigs. The proportions of monoenoic triacylglycerol fatty acids were constant in all sites in adipose tissue of similarly fed guinea-pigs, but were substantially greater in samples from guinea-pigs fed on suet-enriched chow. Triacylglycerols in adipose tissue from near nodes contained significantly fewer saturated fatty acids, and significantly more 18:2n−6 and 18:3n−3 than those in samples from sites remote from nodes within the same depot. Depots that interact most strongly with lymphoid cellsin vitrohad the largest and most consistent within-depot differences. The gradients of triacylgiycerol fatty acid composition with distance from lymph nodes in two small intermuscular depots were similar in guinea-pigs fed on plain or suet-enriched chow. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adipose tissue around lymph nodes is specialized for local interactions with the lymphoid cells therein, and help to explain the variability of serial or duplicate measurements of adipose tissue composition. When cultured alone, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lymph node lymphoid cells from suet-fed guinea-pigs incorporated as much labelled thymidine as the controls. Adipose tissue explants from suet-fed guinea-pigs inhibited lymphocyte proliferation much less than those of the controls, although the site-specific differences were similar. The pattern of site-specific differences in glycerol released from explants incubated alone was generally similar for both dietary groups, but except in the popliteal depot, the increases following co-culturing with lymphoid cells were smaller for samples from suet-fed guinea-pigs. These experiments show that minor changes in the fatty acid composition of the diet can substantially alter the interactions between adipose tissue and lymphoid cells.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

Effect of increasing stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase mRNA concentrations using forage and concentrate diets on the fatty acid composition of ovine adipose tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.C.T.R. Daniel ◽  
R.J. Wynn ◽  
A.M. Salter ◽  
P.J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Levels

Compared to meat from other animals lamb contains high levels of saturated fat, particularly stearic acid which comprises 18% of the total fatty acids (Enser et al, 1996). This stearic acid can be desaturated in the tissue by stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) to produce oleic acid. In sheep SCD is produced from a single gene and the levels of SCD mRNA in the tissue correlate well with oleic acid (Ward et al, 1998, Barber et al, 2000) suggesting that an upregulation of SCD activity may increase the relative proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and so significantly improve the nutritional quality of sheep meat. Our recent studies have shown that insulin increases SCD mRNA levels and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in cultured ovine adipose tissue explants (Daniel et al, 2001). The present study was designed to investigate whether feeding a diet believed to manipulate SCD mRNA concentrations would significantly alter the fatty acid composition of lamb.

scholarly journals The source of fatty acids incorporated into proliferating lymphoid cells in immune-stimulated lymph nodes

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Pond ◽  
Christine A. Mattacks
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

To explore the hypothesis that proliferating lymphoid cells in immune-stimulated lymph nodes obtain nutrients locally from adjacent adipose tissue, adult guinea pigs were fed for 6 weeks on standard chow or on chow supplemented with 100 g suet, sunflower oil or fish oi/g. All the guinea pigs ate standard chow for the last 5 d, during which swelling of one popliteal lymph node was stimulated by repeated local injection of lipopolysaccharide. The fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in both popliteal and in several mesenteric lymph nodes, and of triacylglycerols in eleven samples of adipose tissue defined by their anatomical relations to lymph nodes, were determined by GC. The proportions of fatty acids in the phospholipids extracted from the stimulated popliteal node correlated best with those of triacylglycerols in the surrounding adipocytes, less strongly with those of adipocytes elsewhere in depots associated with lymphoid tissue, but not with those of nodeless depots. The composition of triacylglycerols in the perinodal adipose tissue changed under local immune stimulation. We conclude that proliferating lymphoid cells in activated lymph nodes obtain fatty acids mainly from the triacylglycerols in adjacent perinodal adipose tissue. Immune stimulation prompts changes in the fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerols of adipocytes in node-containing depots that equip the adipose tissue for provisioning immune responses. Such local interactions show that specialised adipocytes can act as an interface between whole-body and cellular nutrition, and may explain why mammalian adipose tissue is partitioned into a few large and many small depots.

scholarly journals Composition of human adipose tissue from deep and subcutaneous sites

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. D. BROOK
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography

1. Adipose tissue was obtained simultaneously from subcutaneous and deep sites in children undergoing elective surgery, and from different subcutaneous sites in adults. The lipid content and fatty acid composition were measured using gas-liquid chromatography and the number of cells counted after fixation in osmium tetroxide. The mean amount of lipid per cell was used as a measure of the size of the cells.2. Cells from deep sites in children were significantly smaller (P > 0.001) than those from subcutaneous sites in the same individual. Cells from different subcutaneous sites were of similar size.3. The fatty acid composition of the lipids was similar in tissue taken from the abdominal wall and from deep sites.4. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue from the lower leg showed an increase in the monounsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in the saturated fatty acids compared with the fatty acid composition of tissue from other subcutaneous sites.

scholarly journals Site differences in the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. G. Pittet ◽  
D. Halliday ◽  
P. E. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Obese Women

1. Adipose tissue samples were obtained by needle biopsy from three subcutaneous sites (thigh, abdomen and upper arm) in twenty-two obese women. The fatty acid composition was determined using gas-liquid chromatography and the results presented relate to eleven component fatty acids.2. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue obtained from the arm and abdomen was remarkably similar, with the exception of the levels of lauric acid.3. The analyses showed that the majority of the saturated fatty acids were present in smaller proportions whilist the majority of unsaturated fatty acids were present in larger proportions in the thigh than in the two other sites. Highly significant inter-site differences were demonstrated for six of the major fatty acids and also for both the total amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and their ratios.4. No marked differences in the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue from obese subjects were revealed during this study when compared with previously reported results obtained from ‘normal-weight’ subjects.

Manipulating the fatty acid composition of ruminant meats

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
M Enser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Melting ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Ruminant adipose tissue differs from that of monogastric species in having a high proportion of saturated fatty acids which gives it a high melting point. This difference results from the hydrogenating action of bacteria in the rumen which convert a high proportion of the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of forage and cereals into saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids with fewer double bonds, some of which are in the trans configuration. Although the ruminant is well adapted to this pattern of fatty acids for humans the consumption of such fat is nutritionally undesirable and in the case of lamb fat, organoleptically unsatisfactory since the lipid may congeal in the mouth. Any procedures to manipulate the fatty acid composition of ruminant lipids must reduce or avoid the. hydrogenation in the rumen.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous fat composition of youthful and mature Canadian beef: emphasis on individual conjugated linoleic acid and trans-18:1 isomers

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. R. Dugan ◽  
D. C. Rolland ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
N. Aldai ◽  
J. K. G. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Value Added

A comprehensive evaluation of the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue from beef cattle produced in western Canada was undertaken to determine if the current Canadian grading system is able to distinguish classes of animals with value added potential due to their fatty acid composition. Grades included youthful Canadian Yield Grade 1 A/AA beef, under (YUTM) and over (YOTM) 30 mo of age and the four mature grades (D1, D2, D2 and D4). Subcutaneous fat between the 12th and 13th ribs over the longissimus muscle was obtained from 18–21 animals per grade. Fatty acids were analyzed using a combination of silver-ion HPLC and GC with a highly polar 100 m column. There were no differences in total trans-18:1 content amongst grades, but adipose tissue from grade D1, D2 and D4 had more 11t-18:1 than YUTM (P < 0.05), whereas adipose tissue from YUTM carcasses had more 10t-18:1 than all other grades (P < 0.05). Adipose tissue from YUTM carcasses also had less total CLA (P < 0.05) than the D grades, mainly due to a lower level of 9c,11t-CLA, but they had slightly more 7t,9c-CLA and 10t,12c-CLA (P < 0.05). Adipose tissue from YOTM and D grades contained more n-3 fatty acids relative to YUTM (0.56% vs. 0.29%; P < 0.05) and lower n-6:n-3 ratios (P < 0.05). Overall, older animals (YOTM and D grades) had adipose tissue compositions with higher levels of fatty acids with reported health benefits. Taken together, these higher levels may provide opportunities for value added marketing if regulatory authorities allow claims for their enrichment based on demonstrated health benefits. Higher concentrations of beneficial fatty acids, however, need to be considered within the context of the complete fatty acid profile and it would be important to demonstrate their advantages in the presence of relatively high levels of saturated fatty acids. Key words: CLA, trans, vaccenic acid, rumenic acid, beef, adipose tissue

Genotype-related variations in subcutaneous fat composition in sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mezöszentgyörgyi ◽  
F. Husvéth ◽  
A. Lengyel ◽  
C. Szegleti ◽  
I. Komlósi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Female Progeny

AbstractThe aim of this research was to study the effect of genotype on the fatty acid composition in adult ewes and 5-to 6-month-old lambs of two mutton breeds (Suffolk and Pannon Sheep) and Booroola Merino. Samples of subcutaneous fat were obtained by surgical biopsy around the tailhead. Fatty acid composition of the adipose fat was determined by gas chromatography. Significant differences (P < 0·05) were found in the fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue among the three breeds. Suffolk showed a lower (P < 0·05) proportion of C12: 0 and C14: 0 fatty acids than the other two breeds. Considering the total quantity of saturated (TSFA) and the total quantity of unsaturated (TUFA) fatty acids, Booroola Merino showed a significantly (P < 0·05) higher proportion of TSFA and lower proportion of TUFA in their adipose tissue than the mutton genotypes (Suffolk and Pannon Sheep). Higher proportions of C18: 0, C18: 3 and C20: 1 (P < 0·05) but lower proportions of C12: 0, C14: 0, C16: 0, C16: 1 and C18: 2 (P < 0·05) were found in the subcutaneous fat of adult ewes than in that of their female progeny. Sex differences were also observed in the study. The proportions of saturated fatty acids were higher (P < 0·05) in female lambs than in males of the same age. These results indicate that a genetic approach may be useful to improve fatty acid composition of carcass lipids in sheep. However, age and sex differences also have to be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition of Ostrich (Struthio Camelus) Abdominal Adipose Tissue

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Belichovska ◽  
Zehra Hajrulai-Musliu ◽  
Risto Uzunov ◽  
Katerina Belichovska ◽  
Mila Arapcheska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Limit Of Quantification

Abstract Fatty acid composition of foods has a great impact on nutrition and health. Therefore, thе determination and knowledge of the fatty acid composition of food is very important for nutrition. Due to the high nutritional characteristics of ostrich meat and its products, the research determining their quality is of topical interest. The aim of the present investigation was the determination of fatty acid composition of ostrich adipose tissue. The content of fatty acids was determined according to AOAC Official Methods of Analysis and determination was performed using a gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector (GC-FID). The results are expressed as a percentage of the total content of fatty acids. The method was validated and whereupon the following parameters were determined: linearity, precision, recovery, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The repeatability was within of 0.99 to 2.15%, reproducibility from 2.01 to 4.57%, while recovery ranged from 94.89 to 101.03%. According to these results, this method is accurate and precise and can be used for analysis of fatty acids in foods. It was concluded that the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) accounted 34.75%, of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 38.37%, of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 26.88%, of total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) 65.25% and of desirable fatty acids (DFA) (total unsaturated + stearic acid) 70.37% of the analysed samples. The ratio polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids accounted 0.77. The most present fatty acid is the oleic (C18:1n9c) with 28.31%, followed by palmitic (C16:0) with 27.12% and linoleic (C18:2n6c) acid with 25.08%. Other fatty acids are contained in significantly lower quantities.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of meat and adipose tissue from Krškopolje pigs and commercial fatteners in Slovenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Furman ◽  
Š. Malovrh ◽  
A. Levart ◽  
M. Kovač
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract. The fatty acid composition of meat and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the indigenous Slovenian pig breed (Krškopolje, KP), which is raised extensively, was compared with that of commercial fatteners (CP) from intensive farms. Commercial fatteners were divided into three groups according to lean meat percentage: meaty, normal and fatty. The m. longissimus dorsi of Krškopolje pigs contained less C18:0 fatty acids than that of commercial fatteners and less C16:0 than that of the fatty group. The proportions of long chain fatty acids C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3 and C22:5 n-3 in the Krškopolje pigs and fatty groups were also significantly different. The highest proportion of essential C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 fatty acids were found in the meaty and normal groups. Intramuscular fat content of the m. longissimus dorsi did not differ between the Krškopolje pigs, and the fatty and normal groups. The Krškopolje pigs had the lowest proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), while both the Krškopolje pigs and the fatty group have a lower proportion of polysaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than the meaty group. The fatty group had a lower polyunsaturated : saturated fatty acid ratio than the meaty and normal groups. In the subcutaneous adipose tissue, Krškopolje pigs had the highest proportion of C18:1 n-9 and differed from the normal group in C18:0 content, from the fatty group in C16:1 n-7 and from the meaty and fatty groups in C18:2 n-6. Furthermore, the Krškopolje pigs had the highest monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and lower PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs proportions than the fatty group. The meaty group had a higher n-6 : n-3 PUFA ratio than the Krškopolje pigs.

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