Isolation and regeneration of protoplasts fromPenicillium digitatum

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Ai-Huan ◽  
Li Hong-Ye ◽  
Liu Xiao-Hong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Material Resource ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Czapek Medium ◽  
Hyphal Apex ◽  
Pressure Stabilizer

AbstractThe effects of some factors on the isolation of protoplasts fromPenicillium digitatumwere studied, including the appropriate material (young mycelia and generating spores), the concentrations of enzyme and osmotic pressure stabilizers, reaction time and reaction temperature. Results demonstrated that germinating spores were an ideal material resource for the isolation ofP. digitatumprotoplasts. Highest yield and quality ofP. digitatumprotoplasts were obtained by shaking germinating spores suspended in a solution of 10 mg/ml Lywallzyme™ dissolved in 0.7 M NaCl as osmotic pressure stabilizer at 80 rev/min and 30°C for 3.0–3.5 h. The regeneration rate of the isolated protoplasts was as high as 24.9% on double-layer Czapek medium containing 0.7 M NaCl. Additionally, observation of the protoplast release pattern showed that the protoplasts ofP. digitatumwere released primarily from the hyphal apex and occasionally from the subapical or original sites of germinating tubes. The protoplasts ofP. digitatumwere regenerated in a direct manner of either yeast-like cell development or mycelium formation.

scholarly journals In situ trans-esterification of oil-containing Jatropha curcas seeds to produce biodiesel fuel

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
I Amalia Kartika ◽  
M Yani ◽  
D Ariono ◽  
Ph Evon ◽  
L Rigal
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Quality ◽  
Jatropha Seed

The objective of this study was to investigate in situ trans-esterification allowing direct production biodiesel from jatropha seed. The influences of amount of KOH catalyst, methanol to seed ratio, amount of n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio, stirring speed, temperature and reaction time were examined to define the best performance of biodiesel yield and quality. Generally, methanol to seed ratio, amount of KOH and n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio affected biodiesel yield. An increase of biodiesel yield was observed as methanol to seed ratio, amount of KOH and n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio were increased. Stirring speed, temperature and reaction time did not affected biodiesel yield. Highest biodiesel yield (89%) was obtained under 6:1 methanol to seed ratio, 0.075 mole/L KOH in methanol, 3:3:1 n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio, 600 rpm stirring speed, 40 °C temperature and 6 h reaction time. The effect of process parameters on biodiesel quality was less important. In all experiments tested, the biodiesel quality was very good (acid value < 0.3 mg of KOH/g, viscosity < 5.5 cSt, saponification value > 183 mg of KOH/g). The quality of biodiesel produced under optimum reaction condition was in accordance with the Indonesian Biodiesel Standard. Keywords: biodiesel, in situ, jatropha seed, transesterificationAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi biodiesel secara langsung dari biji jarak pagar melalui proses transesterifikasi in situ. Parameter proses yang dipelajari adalah pengaruh konsentrasi katalis KOH, rasio metanol terhadap bahan, rasio n-heksan terhadap metanol dan bahan, kecepatan pengadukan, suhu dan waktu reaksi terhadap rendemen biodiesel dan kualitasnya. Rasio metanol terhadap bahan, konsentrasi KOH dan rasio n-heksan terhadap metanol dan bahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen biodiesel. Semakin tinggi rasio metanol terhadap bahan, konsentrasi KOH dan rasio n-heksan terhadap metanol dan bahan, rendemen biodiesel semakin meningkat. Kecepatan pengadukan, suhu dan waktu reaksi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen biodiesel. Rendemen biodiesel tertinggi (89%) diperoleh dari perlakuan rasio metanol terhadap bahan 6:1, 0.075 mol/L KOH dalam metanol, rasio n-heksan terhadap metanol dan bahan 3:3:1, kecepatan pengadukan 600 rpm, suhu 40 °C dan waktu reaksi 6 jam. Kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari proses transesterifikasi in situ biji jarak pagar pada seluruh perlakuan yang diuji sangat baik (bilangan asam < 0.3 mg KOH/g, viskositas < 5.5 cSt, bilangan penyabunan > 183 mg KOH/g), dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh parameter-parameter proses. Kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari kondisi proses optimum memenuhi Standar Biodiesel Indonesia.Kata kunci: biodiesel, in situ, biji jarak, transesterifikasi

scholarly journals The Effect of Mass Ratio of Ferrocene to Camphor as Carbon Source and Reaction Time on the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 03037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praswasti Pembangun Dyah Kencana Wulan ◽  
Nur Safitrah Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Alternative Carbon Source ◽  
Benzene Toluene

This research aims to identify the best reaction time and mass ratio of camphor to ferrocene as carbon source in the growth of carbon nanotube (CNT). Ferrocene is used as carbon source and catalyst with stainless steel (SS)-316 type gauze as substrate.Camphor as alternative carbon source is intended to improve the CNT synthesis results. This research has shown that benzene, toluene, and xylene dominate camphor decomposition, so the addition will produce good quality CNT and increase the yield. The variation of mass ratio of camphor to ferrocene was 3:1, 2:1, 1:2, 1:3 and the variation of reaction time was 10,20,30,40, and 60 min. The synthesis results of the CNT were characterized using FESEM-EDS while the ferrocene and camphor decomposition gas was analyzed by GC-FID. The best quality of CNT was obtained at 1:2 mass ratio with yield 37%, carbon percentage of 76.98% and diameter of 77-151 nm. Increasing the reaction time from 10 to 20 minutes will increase the yield and quality of CNTs. The yield and quality of the CNT decreased after a reaction time of 30 minutes due to the deactivation of the catalyst and the closure of the active sites by nucleation and carbon growth.

Evolution of yield and quality of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) in the spring growth cycle

Agronomie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Borreani ◽  
Pier Giorgio Peiretti ◽  
Ernesto Tabacco
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Yield And Quality

Орошение томата F1 Донской в открытом грунте Московской области

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.I. Engalychev ◽  
N.A. Engalycheva ◽  
A.M. Menshikh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Alluvial Meadow ◽  
Standard Production ◽  
Moscow River

Представлены экспериментальные данные о влиянии капельного орошения на урожайность и качество плодов томата при выращивании культуры в открытом грунте Московской области. На плодородных аллювиальных луговых почвах Москворецкой поймы при соблюдении агротехники без орошения в среднем за три года исследований в полевых условиях получена урожайность томата F1 Донской 31,9 т/га, с орошением 48,5 т/га, в т.ч. стандартной продукции 42,6 т/га.The article presents experimental data on the effect of drip irrigation on the yield and quality of tomato fruits when growing crops in open ground of the Moscow Region. On fertile alluvial meadow soils of the Moscow river floodplain, with the observance of agricultural technology without irrigation, the field yield of tomato hybrid F1 Donskoi on average for three years of research was 31.9 t/ha, with irrigation 48.5 t/ha, incl. standard production 42.6 t/ha.

Агрономическая эффективность промышленной (голландской) технологии возделывания картофеля

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Coy ◽  
A.V. Shuravilin ◽  
O.A. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния промышленной технологии возделывания картофеля на развитие, урожайность и качество продукции. Выявлена положительная реакция растений на подкормку K2SO4 в период посадки. Корреляционно-регрессионный анализ урожайности и качества клубней выявил высокую степень достоверности результатов опыта. Содержание нитратов и тяжелых металлов в клубнях было ниже допустимых величин.The results of studies on the impact of industrial technology of potato cultivation on growth, yield and quality of products. There was a positive response of plants to fertilizer K2SO4 in the period of planting. Correlation and regression analysis of yield and quality of tubers revealed a high degree of reliability of the results of experience. The contents of nitrates and heavy metals in tubers was below the permissible values.

Pengaruh Jenis Co-Solvent terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Biodiesel secara Transesterifikasi In Situ Menggunakan Radiasi Gelombang Mikro

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Mahlinda Mahlinda ◽  
Fitriana Djafar
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
In Situ Transesterification ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Biodiesel Quality

The main purpose of this research was to observer effect co-solvent type (n-Hexane, chloroform and without co-solvent)  toward yield and quality of biodiesel via in situ transesterification process using microwave irradiation. The process was studied at microwave power 450 watt, reaction time 4 minutes, methanol to seed ratio 25:1 and catalyst concentration 5%. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel produced such as viscosity, density and acid value were analysed and compared with the SNI 7182-2012 standard. The experimental result showed the maximum yield biodiesel 78,32% obtained by using co-solvent chloroform.Test result of physicochemical properties (viscosity, density and acid value) of biodiesel products using co solvent n-Hexane, chloroform and without co solvent showed that these products conform to the SNI 7182-2012 standars. The type of co-solvent only affectedon biodiesel yield dan not affected on biodiesel quality (viscosity, density and acid value).  ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis co-solvent (n-Hexane, chloroform dan tanpa co-solvent) terhadap rendemen dan mutu biodiesel secara trasesterifikasi in situ menggunakan radiasi gelombang mikro. Proses dilakukan pada daya gelombang mikro 450 watt, waktu reaksi 4 menit, perbandingan berat metanol terhadap bahan baku 25:1 dan jumlah katalis 5%. Parameter fisiko kimia dari produk biodiesel seperti viskositas, densitas dan angka asam di analisa dan dibandingkan dengan standar SNI 7182-2012 tentang biodiesel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen maksimum biodiesel sebesar 78,32% diperoleh dengan menggunakan co-solvent chloroform. Hasil pengujian  karakteristik fisiko kimia (viskositas, densitas dan angka asam) dari produk biodiesel menggunakan co-solvent n-Hexane, chloroform dan tanpa co-solvent menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter ini masih memenuhi standar SNI 1782-2012 tentang biodiesel. Jenis co-solvent hanya berpengaruh pada rendemen biodiesel dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap mutu biodiesel (viskositas, densitas dan bilangan asam).Kata kunci: co-solvent, in situ transesterifikasi, microwave, rendemen, mutu   

Influence of mineral elements on the yield and quality of grain of the prospective line in winter tritikale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Voronchikhina ◽  
◽  
A.G. Marenkova ◽  
V. S. Rubets ◽  
V. V. Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fertilizer System

The results of elements development of varietal agrotechnics of a new high-potential line 238h of winter triticale presented. It was identified that under the conditions of 2020 the most cost effective fertilizer system is an early spring application of NPK (S) (15-15-15 (10)) at a dose of 200kg/ha. The profitability level of this fertilizer was 88,9%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document