Microsporum audouinii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Glabrous Skin ◽  
French West Africa ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Microsporum Audouinii ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Scalp Lesions

Abstract A description is provided for Microsporum audouinii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primarily a pathogen of man. Also recorded on the dog, gibbon, guineapig and monkey. Most strains are not pathogenic for experimental animals. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Infected hairs usually fluoresce bright green under Wood's light and are surrounded by an ectothrix sheath of small spores in a mosaic arrangement. In man, the scalp (tinea capitis) and less frequently the glabrous skin (tinea corporis) may be infected. Children are most susceptible, and in adults infection is usually confined to the glabrous skin, although a few scalp infections have been reported. Rothman et al. (RMVM 1, 614) noted that fatty acids from adult hair fat inhibited M. audouinii in vitro and suggested that this was the reason for lower incidence of infection in adults, but Kligman & Grinsberg (RMVM 1, 1800) found that adult sebum was not more fungistatic than that of children. Scalp lesions are usually circular, scaling areas of alopecia and, in contrast to M. cants infections, there is generally very little inflammatory reaction. Skin lesions are usually circulate scaling areas with clearing centres. Kligman (RMVM 1, 2510; 2, 2484) studied the pathogenesis of tinea capitis due to M. audouinii. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Chad Republic, Cameroons, Congo, Egypt, French West Africa, Guinea Republic, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia); Asia (India, Java, Palestine, Persia, Turkey), Australasia & Oceania (Australia (New South Wales, Western Australia), New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain and Ireland, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia), North America (Canada, U.S.A.), Central America and West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela).

Microsporum distortum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Usual Symptom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Scalp Lesions

Abstract A description is provided for Microsporum distortum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded on man, monkey, dog and horse. Some human infections have been in children with a history of contact with cats with skin lesions but these animals were not examined by culture. Rats, guineapigs, rabbits and cats have been experimentally infected. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis tinea). Similar to M. canis infections. Infected hairs fluoresce pale to bright green under Wood's light and are encrusted with ectothrix sheaths of small spores in a mosaic arrangement. In man, the scalp (tinea capitis) and glabrous skin (tinea corporis) may be infected. Most reported infections have been in children under 7 years old. Scalp lesions have been reported only in children, and usually consist of scaling patches of alopecia, with some erythema at the margin. Skin lesions are usually small, circular, with erythematous borders and dry, scaling centres. In animals scaling patches of alopecia are the usual symptom. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia (New South Wales), New Zealand (apparently restricted to Otago), U.S.A. (Iowa, Ga). All cases reported from U.S.A. have been in pet monkeys probably recently imported from Central America, and in humans and dogs which had been in contact with the monkeys.

Microsporum ferrugineum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
French West Africa ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Microsporum Ferrugineum ◽  
The Face ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Scalp Lesions

Abstract A description is provided for Microsporum ferrugineum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded only from man. Experimental animals are not susceptible to infection. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Primarily affecting the scalp (tinea capitis) and less frequently the glabrous skin, particularly of the face (tinea corporis) of children. Scalp lesions are usually non-inflammatory, scaling patches of alopecia. Infected hairs are surrounded by sheaths of small spores in a mosaic arrangement, and usually fluoresce under Wood's light, but Germeraad & Klokke (E. Afr. med. J. 39: 515-519, 1962) saw no distinct fluorescence in 22 cases in Uganda. Skin lesions are usually scaly, with little or no inflammation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Angola, Cameroons, Cape Verde Islands, Congo, French West Africa, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ruanda-Burundi, Uganda); Asia (China, Formosa, Hawaii, India, Indo-China, Israel, Japan, U.S.S.R.); Europe (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, France, Italy, Poland, Romania, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia (Macedonia)); North America (? Texas); South America (? Brazil,? Uruguay).

Nannizzia gypsea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
New South ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Cook Island ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Infected Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Nannizzia gypsea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded only from man (but see NOTES). Guinea-pigs have been experimentally infected. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Nannizzia gypsea is apparently widespread in soil and only rarely pathogenic. The scalp (tinea capitis) and glabrous skin (tinea corporis) may be infected. Skin lesions are inflammatory, but details of only two scalp infections are known. In both the lesions were inflammatory; in one favus-like crusts were also found and in the other hair invasion was of the large-spored ectothrix type. In experimental inoculations of guineapigs (Rdzanek, pers. comm.) N. gypsea was slightly more virulent than N. incurvata and N. fulva, the reaction varying from negative to strongly inflammatory, a few ectothrix hyphae breaking up into arthrospores were seen on some hairs, and infected hairs did not fluoresce under Wood's light. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan), Australasia and Oceania (Australia (New South Wales), New Zealand, Raratonga, Cook Island), Europe (France, Great Britain, Italy); North America (Tenn.). Probably of world-wide distribution in the soil.

Microsporum canis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
The Face ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Bright Green

Abstract A description is provided for Microsporum canis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primarily a pathogen of the cat and dog, frequently transmitted to man. Also recorded from the chimpanzee, chinchilla, fox, lion, monkey, pig, rabbit, sheep and tiger. Experimental animals are susceptible to infection. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Infected hairs and animal claws usually fluoresce bright green under Wood's light and hairs are surrounded by ectothrix sheaths of small spores in a mosaic arrangement. In cats the lesions are usually inconspicuous. They may occur on any part of the body, but particularly the face and paws, and the whiskers and claws may be involved. In dogs infection is more noticeable, and is characterized by small circular areas of scaling and alopecia, sometimes with oedema and crust formation, on any part of the body. The claws may also be infected. Infections in dogs have a well defined seasonal incidence with a peak in Oct. -Feb., but the incidence in cats is poorly defined (Kaplan & Ivens, Sabouraudia 1: 91-102, 1961). In man the scalp (tinea capitis), glabrous skin (tinea corporis), and rarely the beard (tinea barbae), foot (tinea pedis) and nails (tinea unguium, onychomycosis) may be infected (mycoses). Children are most susceptible, particularly to scalp infection which is very rare in adults. Scalp lesions are scaling, inflammatory areas containing broken hairs or with total hair loss. Pustulation and kerion formation are not uncommon. Skin lesions are circinate, with a scaling centre and vesicular border. Kligman (RMVM 1, 2510; 2, 2484) studied the pathogenesis of tinea capitis caused by M. canis. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Angola, Cape Verde Islands, Egypt, French W. Africa, Sahara, Tunisia, Union of S. Africa); Asia (Ceylon, India, Philippines, Turkey); Australasia & Oceania (Australia (N.S.W.), New Zealand); Europe, North America, Central America and West Indies (Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico); South America (Argentina, Brazil (south of Pernambuco), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela).

Nannizzia obtusa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Scalp Lesions ◽  
Light Green

Abstract A description is provided for Nannizzia obtusa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primarily a pathogen of the pig, occasionally transmitted to man. Guinea-pigs have been experimentally infected. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). In pigs lesions are circular and circumscribed to irregular in outline, sometimes involving almost the whole body. They are reddish in colour and are frequently covered with brownish crusts. Alopecia and pruritis do not occur (RMVM 5, 226, 491-492). In man the scalp (tinea capitis) and glabrous skin (tinea corporis) may be infected. Scalp lesions reported have shown a kerion type of reaction with endothrix hair invasion; in some cases infected hairs have fluoresced light green under Wood's light. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Reported from Africa (Kenya), Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); North America (Canada, U.S.A. (Ind., Kans., Ky, Miss., N.J., Pa)), Central America and West Indies (Mexico, Cuba). Possibly world-wide in distribution.

Nannizzia incurvata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Infected Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Nannizzia incurvata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded only from man and dog (but see NOTES). Guinea-pigs have been experimentally infected. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Nannizzia incurvata is present in soil and apparently only rarely a cause of disease. In man the scalp (tinea capitis) and glabrous skin (tinea corporis) may be infected. Skin lesions are inflammatory but details of known scalp infections are not available. In experimental inoculations of guineapigs (Rdzanek, pers. comm.) N. incurvata was intermediate between N. gypsea and N. fulva in virulence, the reaction varying from negative to strongly inflammatory. Ectothrix hyphae breaking up into large arthrospores were seen on some hairs, and infected hairs did not fluoresce under Wood's light. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (India), Europe (Czechoslovakia, Great Britain and Ireland, Germany, Netherlands, Poland); U.S.A. (Tenn.); N. incurvata is probably of world-wide distribution in the soil.

Nannizzia fulva. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Proved Case ◽  
Infected Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Nannizzia fulva. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded only from man (but see NOTES). Guinea-pigs have been experimentally infected. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Nannizzia fulva is present in the soil and apparently only rarely pathogenic. The scalp (tinea capitis) and glabrous skin (tinea corporis) may be infected. Skin lesions are inflammatory. The only proved case of scalp infection is that recorded by Uriburu (1909); according to Sabouraud (Les Teignes, 1910, p. 241) in this case there was a light inflammatory reaction and infected hairs were indistinguishable from those in M. audouinii infections. In experimental inoculations of guineapigs (Rdzanek, pers. comm.) N. fulva was slightly less virulent than N. gypsea and N. incurvata, the reaction varying from negative to strongly inflammatory. A few ectothrix hyphae breaking up into arthrospores were seen on some hairs, and infected hairs did not fluoresce under Wood's light. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Tanzania), Europe (Great Britain, Hungary, Yugoslavia), South America (Argentina). Probably world-wide in distribution in the soil, but there may be local limiting factors (e.g., in Great Britain it has been recorded only for Bristol, Somerset, and Wiltshire).

Epidermophyton floccosum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
Tinea Cruris ◽  
Hen’S Egg

Abstract A description is provided for Epidermophyton floccosum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primarily a pathogen of man (causing mycoses). Also recorded from dog (RMVM 6, 1920) and mouse (RMVM 6, 639). Animal inoculation is rarely successful; the guineapig (RMVM 14, 804), monkey (RMVM 1, 182) and the chorio-allantoic membrane of the hen's egg (RMVM 2, 1676; 4, 82) have been infected experimentally. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). The groin (tinea cruris, eczema marginatum, dobie itch) and feet (tinea pedis) are most frequently infected. The body (tinea corporis), hands (tinea manuum) and nails (onychomycosis, tinea unguium) may also be infected. Infections of the scalp (tinea capitis) are rare and the hair is never invaded in vivo. Skin lesions are scaling and erythematous, well-marginated with minute vesicopapules in the border. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.

Microsporum equinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Glabrous Skin ◽  
Tinea Barbae ◽  
Bright Green

Abstract A description is provided for Microsporum equinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primarily a pathogen of the horse, sometimes transmitted to man. Cats, dogs, guineapigs and rabbits have been experimentally infected. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Infected hairs usually fluoresce bright green under Wood's light and show a small-spored ectothrix type of invasion. In horses the lesions cannot be distinguished clinically from those caused by other species. Usually they are dry, raised and scaling and lead to circumscribed, bare patches. They may occur on any part of the animal, but particularly on the saddle and girth regions. In man, infections of the glabrous skin (tinea corporis), particularly of the arms, and of the beard area (tinea barbae) have been reported, the lesions usually being small and erythematous. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Congo (from cases of 'Kenya Mange' of horses), Madagascar, Morocco, Sudan), Asia (Iran, Java, U.S.S.R.); Australasia and Oceania (Fiji); Europe (Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, (?) Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, U.S.S.R.); North America (N.J., N.Y.); South America (Uruguay).

Traditional Herbal Medicines, Newer Herbs and Other Novel Approaches Integrated in Herbal Medicine for Atopic Dermatitis-A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
Pravin Kumar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Mahendra Singh Ashawat
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a prolonged reverting skin ailment with characteristically distributed skin lesions. In the previous decades, researchers had shown a marked interest in AD due to its increased prevalence in developed countries. Although different strategies including biological and immune modulators are available for the treatment of AD, each has certain limitations. The researchers had shown considerable interest in the management of AD with herbal medicines. The establishment of herbal drugs for AD might eliminate local as well as systemic adverse effects associated with long term use of corticosteroids and also higher cost of therapy with biological drugs. The present review discusses the traditional East Asian herbal medicines and scientific data related to newer herbal extracts or compositions for the treatment of AD. In vivo animal models and in vitro cell cultures, investigated with herbal medicines to establish a possible role in AD treatment, have also been discussed in the paper. The paper also highlights the role of certain new approaches, i.e. pharmacopuncture, a combination of allopathic and herbal medicines; and novel carriers (liposomes, cubosomes) for herbal drugs on atopic skin. In conclusion, herbal medicines can be a better and safe, complementary and alternative treatment option for AD.

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