scholarly journals Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ's thorn jujube).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Living Fence

Abstract Ziziphus spina-christi is a perennial, drought hardy tree. Despite some uncertainty regarding its native range, most sources suggest it originates from the Sahara and Sahel regions of Africa and the Middle East. It is adapted to grow in water-stressed habitats such as savannas and deserts. It is widely cultivated for its fruit, timber and use as fodder for livestock, as well as providing a stock-proof hedge and living fence, but is also used as a dune stabilizer, because of its very deep taproot and spreading lateral roots and in traditional medicine. Due to its cultivation, it has been introduced to parts of northern and tropical Africa and Madagascar. In 1885, Z. spina-christi was introduced to Curacao in the Caribbean, where it is now considered invasive. It has also been introduced to the neighbouring islands of Aruba and Bonaire. This species is an aggressive colonizer that, forms spiny and impenetrable thickets displacing and outcompeting native flora.

Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences confirm a unique plant intercontinental disjunction between tropical Africa, the Caribbean, and the Hawaiian Islands

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Namoff ◽  
Quentin Luke ◽  
Francisco Jiménez ◽  
Alberto Veloz ◽  
Carl E. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
The Caribbean

Strategies to Promote the Safety of Vulnerable Road Users in Developing and Emerging Countries: South African Experience

2003 ◽  
Vol 1846 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubrecht Ribbens
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
The Caribbean

Road casualties are discussed from a worldwide perspective. More than 80% of annual traffic casualties occur in developing and emerging countries in Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East. Vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and bicyclists are a major road safety problem in these countries. In Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East, more than 40% of annual road fatalities involve pedestrians compared with less than 20% in Europe and the United States. The focus of this study is South Africa’s strategy to promote the safety of vulnerable road users. The extent of casualties among vulnerable road users and contributing factors are highlighted. Over the last decade, pedestrian fatalities have gradually and steadily declined in South Africa. This study describes the various policies, strategies, and action plans developed and implemented by different government levels in South Africa to promote road traffic safety, particularly the safety of vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and bicyclists. Barriers to successful implementation are also pointed out. Apart from applying a holistic approach by involving all relevant disciplines, a coordinated and sustained effort of all government levels was encouraged. Joint-venture funding projects among different government levels was emphasized to improve hazardous pedestrian locations. The role of the private sector in South Africa to promote pedestrian safety is also discussed. Practical guidelines are presented for developing and emerging countries to promote the safety of vulnerable road users.

scholarly journals Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Impatiens balsamina is an annual herb thought to be native to India and Myanmar. It has been widely introduced outside of its native range as an ornamental to Europe, Asia, the Americas, Oceania and some parts of tropical Africa. It has escaped from cultivation and become naturalized in disturbed sites and semi-natural habitats including secondary forests and forest edges. It spreads by seed and also vegetatively by stem fragments and can form dense stands in forest understory inhibiting germination and the establishment of seedlings, displacing native plant species. It is thought to be invasive to many tropical and subtropical islands in Oceania and the Caribbean as well as Costa Rica, Peru, the Galapagos Islands, the Philippines and parts of India.

Trusteeship Council

2008 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
Ralph Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean

This article examines the Trusteeship Council, a principal organ whose work was essential to the settlement arising from World War II. It involved establishing procedures for the independence of the defeated powers' colonies. This article details the pioneering efforts of the UN at facilitating the decolonization of trust territories. This is part of the world organization's contribution to the processes of self-determination for peoples in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. It also reveals that the work of the Trusteeship Council was linked to what may have been the most important political change of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Inventive nesting behaviour in the keyhole wasp Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Australia, and the risk to aviation safety

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan P.N. House ◽  
Jackson G. Ring ◽  
Philip P. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Probe Volume ◽  
Nesting Behaviour ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Pitot Probes

AbstractThe keyhole wasp (Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille 1812), a mud-nesting wasp native to South and Central America and the Caribbean, is a relatively recent (2010) arrival in Australia. In its native range it is known to use man-made cavities to construct nests. A series of serious safety incidents Brisbane Airport related to the obstruction of vital airspeed measuring pitot probes on aircraft possibly caused by mud-nesting wasps at prompted an assessment of risk. An experiment was designed to determine the species responsible, the types of aircraft most affected, the seasonal pattern of potential risk and the spatial distribution of risk on the airport. A series of replica pitot probes were constructed using 3D-printing technology, representing aircraft with high numbers of movements (landings and take-offs), and mounted at four locations at the airport. Probes were monitored for 39 months. Probes blocked by mud nesting wasps were retrieved and incubated in mesh bags. Emerging wasps were identified to species. Results show that all nests in probes were made by P. nasidens, and peak nesting occurs in the summer months. Nesting success (as proportion of nests with live adult emergents) was optimal between 24 and 31°C and that probes with apertures of more than 3 mm diameter are preferred. Not all areas on the airport are affected equally, with the majority of nests constructed in one area. The proportion of grassed areas within 1000 m of probes was a significant predictor of nesting, and probe volume may determine the sex of emerging wasps.

scholarly journals Pteris tripartita (giant brake).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Floodplain Wetlands ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Secondary Vegetation ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Basin Wetlands

Abstract Pteris tripartita is a terrestrial fern native to the tropics of the Old Word, introduced to the New World as an ornamental, with records of its being sold in nurseries in Florida (USA) in the 19th century. It is naturalized at scattered localities from Florida to northern South America, including the Caribbean. It is reported as invasive in Cuba and the south of Florida, USA. Its invasiveness in Cuba is due to its high reproductive capacity and its spread into secondary vegetation and cultivated lands in the eastern part of the country. In southern Florida, it is considered as a moderately invasive species, recorded as escaping cultivation in 1928. It is invasive in floodplain wetlands, basin wetlands and mesic uplands, displacing native species. It is not reported as invasive in its native range. It is regarded as a critically endangered species in India.

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