living fence
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2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samuel Novais ◽  
Vicente Hernández-Ortiz ◽  
Karla Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Mauricio Quesada ◽  
G. Wilson Fernandes ◽  
...  

Abstract The magnitude of facilitation by shelter-building engineers on community structure is expected to be greater when they increase limited resources in the environment. We evaluated the influence of local environmental context on the colonisation of leaf shelters by arthropods in a Mexican evergreen tropical rainforest. We compared the species richness and abundance of arthropods (total and for different guilds) colonising artificially rolled leaves in habitats differing in understory heterogeneity (forest edge > old-growth forests > living fences). Arthropod abundance of the most representative arthropod taxa (i.e., Araneae, Blattodea, Collembola and Psocoptera) colonising the rolled leaves was greater at forest edge, a trend also observed for average arthropod abundance, and for detritivore and predator guilds. In addition, fewer arthropod species and individuals colonised the rolled leaves in the living fence habitat, a trend also observed for most arthropod guilds. As forest edge is expected to have a greater arthropod diversity and stronger density-dependent interactions, a greater limitation of refuges from competitors or predators may have determined the higher colonisation of the rolled leaves in this habitat. Our results demonstrate that local environment context is an important factor that affects the colonisation of arthropods in leaf shelters.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 049-056
Author(s):  
Marina Silalahi ◽  
Sunarto ◽  
Teresa Riwana Marnala Munthe ◽  
Debora Pardosi

The market is the main place for buying and selling alternative food plants and its rich in local wisdom. This study aims to explain the diversity of alternative food plant that are traded in the traditional market of Kranggan Mas, Bekasi District and their potential as healthy food ingredients. The research was conducted with an ethnobotanical approach with surveys, interviews and participations observation. The respondents were all traders who traded alternative food plants. The data was qualitative analysis includes grouping plants based on benefits, families, and parts used. A total of 12 species belonging10 genera and 8 families of plants as alternative food are traded in the Kranggan Mas traditional market. A total of 7 species of food are available every day and 4 species are available seasonally. The part of used are tuber (82%) and fruits (18%). Dioscorea alata and Artocarpus altilis are foodstuff ingredients that are still very potential to be developed and cultivated because both species are easy to find in the surrounding environment and its uses as shade and living fence. The Dioscorea alata has compounds dioscorine which has activity to reduce hypertension, so that its recommended for postmenopausal women.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval

Abstract E. berteroana is widely distributed throughout lowland tropical dry forest from southern Mexico to northern Peru, and in the Greater Antilles. This species occurs naturally from low to mid-altitudes 300-600 m, however it has been planted up to the 1000 m. It grows in humid areas with an average temperature of 25.5°C and an average annual rainfall of 3500 mm. E. berteroana is important in agroforestry, for it replenishes the soil and fertilizes companion crops. This species is commonly used for live fencing from Mexico to northern South America (Russo, 1993). In Costa Rica it is also widely used for fence posts (Nygren, 1993). After pruning E. berteroana produces a great volume of large leaf shoots in only three to four weeks. Biomass production of E. berteroana living fence varied according to pruning frequency (CATIE, 1989a, 1989b). The fence produced the most woody biomass when pruned every 12 months, the least biomass when pruned every three months, and 6-month pruning produced the most edible biomass. Live fencing of E. berteroana can also provide cuttings for additional posts, and a vigorous tree can produce 10 or more cuttings of 5-15 cm diameter every two years. E. berteroana is not recommended as a shade tree because it has a fragile stem and does not provide enough shade. The leaves contain 40% crude protein, 4% nitrogen, and are commonly used as fodder for cattle, rabbits and goats (Russo, 1993). Unfortunately, leaf fall occurs in the dry season when forage is important because pasture quality decreases (Beer et al., 1989). Other uses of E. berteroana are, windbreaks, dyes, insecticides, poles to grow crops such as black pepper, Piper nigrum, Dioscorea alata (yam), Sechium edule or Passiflora ligularis (granadilla). This species also forms a useful mulch for annual crops such as maize (Russo, 1993). This species may be used for fuelwood and construction, although the timber is not used extensively because it is light, coarse, unattractive and lacks durability. The stem bark of E. berteroana contains a prenylated flavanone. This compound has an anti-fungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum (Russo, 1993). In El Salvador the bark of E. berteroana is used to poison dogs and wild animals. E. berteroana is a fast growing species, and is easy to propagate by seed layering, marcotting, cuttings, and particularly large stakes more than 2.5 m long. The stakes are usually cut at the end of the dry season or the beginning of the rains. They may be planted immediately, or stored vertically or laid individually on the ground for up to two weeks in a cool, shady place (Viquez, 1993). Flowering occurs October-February and fructification between May-June. The species produces large quantities of red beans every year, a kilogram of seed contains 3000-3500 seeds. The seed is orthodox, and has a hard, impermeable seed coat and should be scarified either with sandpaper, a knife, or soaking in warm water (40°C) for 12 hours, to aid germination. E. berteroana has germination rates of 85-90%, when using seed collected from the previous year which has been stored in cold chambers at 5°C with a relative humidity of 30-40%. The shoot borer Terastia meticulosalis has been observed on E. berteroana. Damage can be critical in newly sown agroforestry plantings, there have been reports of serious attacks on small trees (generally those less than 1.5 m tall) associated with black pepper. The adults of Phyllophaga menetriesi feed on the young foliage of this species.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Kamal Hussien Shaltout

Abstract Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa is a species of morning glory that has been introduced worldwide as an ornamental and hedge (living fence) plant. The species has escaped from cultivation to become naturalized and invasive mostly in disturbed sites, riparian areas and wetlands, and it behaves as a weed in cultivated fields, such as rice plantations. It is a strong competitor for resources (e.g. nutrients and water), with the potential to outcompete native plants. The species has been listed as a noxious weed in the USA and as invasive in India, Nepal, Egypt, South Africa, Swaziland, Cuba, and in many islands in the Pacific region.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval

Abstract Ziziphus spina-christi is a perennial, drought hardy tree. Despite some uncertainty regarding its native range, most sources suggest it originates from the Sahara and Sahel regions of Africa and the Middle East. It is adapted to grow in water-stressed habitats such as savannas and deserts. It is widely cultivated for its fruit, timber and use as fodder for livestock, as well as providing a stock-proof hedge and living fence, but is also used as a dune stabilizer, because of its very deep taproot and spreading lateral roots and in traditional medicine. Due to its cultivation, it has been introduced to parts of northern and tropical Africa and Madagascar. In 1885, Z. spina-christi was introduced to Curacao in the Caribbean, where it is now considered invasive. It has also been introduced to the neighbouring islands of Aruba and Bonaire. This species is an aggressive colonizer that, forms spiny and impenetrable thickets displacing and outcompeting native flora.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvan Kaufman

Abstract Y. aloifolia is an evergreen shrub in the Asparagaceae family that grows mainly in the coastal plain of the southern United States and Mexico along dunes, roadsides and in open coastal forests. Some sources also list it as native to islands in the Caribbean (Trelease, 1902; Jones and Goode, 1884; USDA-ARS, 2016). It is widely planted as an ornamental and living fence in temperate and tropical regions around the world and has the ability to spread by seed and vegetatively. It is listed as a transformative species in Plantas Invasoras en Cuba (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012). It is considered an environmental weed in New South Wales, Australia (Weeds of Australia, 2016) and invasive on coastal dunes in Valencia, Spain (Ferrer Marino and Donat, 2011). It has naturalized in scrublands of South Africa (Smith et al., 2012). In the USA it is naturalized in California (LSA Associates, 2010). There is no information on what environmental effects the species has on habitats, ecosystems or populations but since it can form dense stands (Sydney Weeds Committee, 2016), it is likely to compete with native species. The leaves are tipped with very sharp points and can cause an allergic reaction (Kanerva et al., 2001). There is no evidence that it is considered a weed in agricultural systems.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 135-170
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fathi Royyani

This is an ethnobotanical article that explains the use of plants by the people of Simeulue Island, Aceh to protect open agricultural fields (ladang) and rice fields (sawah) from free roaming-grazing livestock, particularly water buffalo, cows, and goats. In Simeulue, the livestock  are released roaming free for food.  In order to protect the open agricultural and rice fields, the people of Simeulue Island various species of plants are planted as living fences. The species selected are based on the local knowledge of plant morphology. The result of the current study indicates that 23 species of plants are implemented, in which the seeds and seedlings are found in the forests near the villages. In 2007, one foreign species known locally as ‘gamel’ (Gliricidia sepium; Fabaceae, the South American original) has been introduced for their easy planted, fast growing nature, and have been widely planted since.   Kajian ini hendak melihat pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai pagar hidup yang melindungi lahan pertanian dan perkebunan dari hewan ternak yang dilepas-liarkan sehingga masuk ke lahan perkebunan masyarakat dan memakan tanaman. Untuk mengantisipasinya, masyarakat membuat pagar hidup yang berupa jenis-jenis pohon yang ditanam mengelilingi lahan. Melalui penelitian etnobotani diketahui bahwa masyarakat memilih jenis-jenis pohon yang dijadikan pagar hidup berdasarkan pengetahuan lokal terkait dengan tumbuhan. Jenis-jenis yang dipilih adalah jenis-jenis yang mudah tumbuh dan bisa bertahan dalam kerapatan. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui terdapat 23 jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk pagar hidup. Dari jumlah tersebut sebagian besar tumbuh di hutan sekitar pemukiman mereka. Sejak tahun 2007 satu jenis baru, ‘gamel’ (Gliricidia sepium; Fabaceae, jenis asli Amerika Selatan) didatangkan dan ditanam menggantikan jenis lama. Tanaman baru ini lebih mudah ditanam, cepat tumbuh, dan kini sudah ditanam secara luas.  


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Marina Silalahi

AbstractThe Sundanese have been long used the home garden as a source of food, medicines, and construction materials. This study aims to document the plants diversity and its utilization in the Sindang Jaya Village, Disstict Cianjur, West Java. The research method was conducted by ethnobotany approach through surveys and interview. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively by using descriptive statistics. This study found  100 species of the useful plants belonging 88 genera and 46 families in the yard in the Sindang Jaya home garden. The plants in the home garden uses as an ornamental (46 species), fruit (18 species), vegetable (14 species), and traditional medicine (species). The mangkokan (Polyschias scutellaria) and kedondong pagar (Polyscias fruticosa) are potential to be developed as the living fence as well as function as a source of food or vegetables. The Dioscorea hispida in home garden is one of the efforts of local communities to conserve wild plants.Keywords: Disocorea hispida, Etnis Sunda, Polyschias scutellaria, Polyscias fruticosa.


2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnólia Martins Alves ◽  
Edna Ursulino Alves ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues de Araújo ◽  
Maria de Lourdes dos Santos Lima ◽  
Marina Matias Ursulino

ABSTRACT: Caesalpinia pulcherrima is a Fabaceae family species from Central America, which has a small size and is widely used as a living fence in the urban afforestation for streets, parks, and gardens. Based on this importance, the aim of this research was to study the influence of light and temperature on the germination of C. pulcherrima seeds. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, comprising a 3x5 (three temperatures and five light regimes) factorial scheme with four replicates containing 25 seeds each. Germination and vigor of seeds were evaluated under temperatures of 25°C and 30ºC constant and 20-30ºC alternated in different light regimes: white, green, red-distant, red, and absence of light. Variables analyzed were: germination, first germination count, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and the ratio of dry mass of root/shoot of the seedlings. Seeds of C. pulcherrima germinate in the presence and absence of light, being a neutral photoblastic. Recommendation to test the vigor of these seeds is the temperature of 30°C in the white light regime.


2018 ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIN B. TAYLOR ◽  
HEATHER A. HORST
Keyword(s):  

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