scholarly journals Impact of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal (RTEBC) consumption on adequacy of micronutrient intakes and compliance with dietary recommendations in Irish adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Galvin ◽  
M Kiely ◽  
A Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
The North ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Calcium Iron

AbstractObjective:To describe the consumption of ready-to-eat-breakfast cereals (RTEBCs) in Irish adults and its impact on adequacy and safety of micronutrient intakes and compliance with dietary recommendations.Design:Analysis for this paper used data from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey that estimated habitual food intake using a 7-day food diary in a representative sample of adults aged 18–64 years (n=1379; 662 men, 717 women).Results:Despite the small quantity consumed (mean 28.6gday-1or 4.7% of total energy intake), RTEBCs made an important contribution to the mean daily intake of carbohydrate (8.1%), starch (10.8%), dietary fibre (9.8%) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) (10.8%) in consumers. Increased consumption was associated with a more fibre-dense diet and with greater compliance with dietary recommendations for fat, carbohydrate and NSP. Fortified RTEBCs contributed significantly to mean daily intakes of iron (18%), thiamin (14%), riboflavin (17%), niacin (15%), vitamin B6(13%), total folate (18%) and vitamin D (10%) and most of the contribution was from micronutrients added to RTEBCs. Increased consumption of fortified RTEBCs was associated with an increased nutrient density for a number of micronutrients and with a lower prevalence of dietary inadequacy of calcium, iron, riboflavin and folate, particularly in women. However, it was not associated with intakes in excess of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for any micronutrient.Conclusions:The consumption of RTEBCs is associated with improved compliance with dietary recommendations for fat, carbohydrate and fibre, with a more micronutrient-dense diet and a reduced risk of dietary inadequacy for calcium, iron, riboflavin and folate, without increasing the risk of excessive intakes of micronutrients.

scholarly journals The importance of composite foods for estimates of vegetable and fruit intakes

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM O'Brien ◽  
M Kiely ◽  
M Galvin ◽  
A Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Do So

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the contribution of composite foods to vegetable and fruit intakes in Irish adults and to compliance with dietary guidelines for vegetable and fruit intake.Design:Data were analysed from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey of 18–64-year-old adults (n= 1379; 662 men, 717 women), which used a 7-day food diary to estimate food intake.Results:The mean intake of vegetables (excluding potatoes) was 140g day−1(men 149g day−1; women 132g day−1), of fruit was 136 g day−1(men 133g day−1; women 140 g day−1) and of potatoes was 227 g day−1(men 296g day−1; women 163 g day−1). The mean daily intakes of vegetables, fruit and potatoes from composite foods were 37 g (26%), 6 g (5%) and 17 g (7%), respectively. The mean intake of vegetables from composite foods was unrelated to age or gender, but increased with increasing social class and level of education attained. The proportions of men and women meeting the recommendation for ≥400g day−1(5 servings of 80 g per day) of vegetables and fruit were 21% (15% excluding composite foods) and 19% (12% excluding composite foods), respectively. Compliance with the dietary recommendation decreased with decreasing levels of educational attainment and social class.Conclusion:Intakes of vegetables and fruit are low compared with current dietary recommendations, particularly in those of lower levels of educational attainment and social class. Composite foods are an important source of vegetables (less importantly of fruit) and should be included when estimating vegetable intakes. Failure to do so may result in bias in estimates of intake and of compliance with dietary guidelines for population groups, as well as misclassification of individuals by level of intake.

scholarly journals The influence of cereal and dairy consumption on the Irish diet: implications for developing food-based dietary guidelines

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Burke ◽  
MJ Gibney ◽  
NA O'Dwyer ◽  
SN McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
The North ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Daily Intakes

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the intakes of cereal and dairy products and their contribution to nutrient intakes in men and women from the Republic of Ireland with a view to formulating food-based dietary guidelines.DesignThe North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey established a database of habitual food and drink consumption using a 7-day food diary. From this database all cereal and dairy products from recipes and identifiable sources were identified and a new database was generated from which analysis of the role of cereal and dairy products in the diet was carried out.ResultsAlmost 100% of the population consumed cereal and dairy products over the course of the survey week. In general, men consumed significantly more cereal and dairy products than did women (P<0.05). Cereal products made an important contribution to the mean daily intakes of energy (26%), protein (21%), fat (13%), carbohydrate (41%), fibre (45%), iron (43%) and folate (27%). Dairy products also contributed largely to the mean daily intakes of energy (11%), protein (14%), fat (17%), calcium (48%), phosphorus (24%) and vitamin A (27%). Analysis of nutrient intakes across tertiles of cereal and dairy consumption showed that high consumers of wholemeal bread, breakfast cereals, reduced-fat milk and yoghurt had lower fat and higher carbohydrate, fibre and micronutrient intakes than low consumers of these foods.ConclusionsFindings from the present study could be used to develop effective health strategies to implement changes in cereal and dairy consumption that could alter fat, fibre and micronutrient intakes in the diet.

scholarly journals Nutrient intakes in an Italian population of infants during the complementary feeding period

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 3018-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Concina ◽  
Paola Pani ◽  
Giulia Bravo ◽  
Fabio Barbone ◽  
Claudia V Carletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Dietary Data

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the nutrient intakes of an Italian cohort of infants at 6, 9 and 12 months of age.DesignDietary data were collected using a food diary at three follow-ups (6, 9 and 12 months of age of infants). The infants’ dietary data were used to estimate nutrient intakes using the Italian food composition database integrated with data from nutritional labels and the literature. The mean and standard deviation, median and interquartile range, minimum and maximum, and 5th, 25th, 75th and 95th percentiles were calculated for the daily intake of twenty-eight nutrients, with sex differences evaluated using parametric/non-parametric statistical methods.SettingA prospective population-based birth cohort.SubjectInfants (n 400) living in the urban area of Trieste (Italy).ResultsThe sex distribution was fairly balanced at each follow-up. The mean daily intakes of energy and the other twenty-seven nutrients considered were greater in males at all follow-ups. In particular, a significant statistical difference was observed in higher male consumption of cholesterol at 9 months and in energy and carbohydrate intakes at 12 months (P < 0·05). The mean daily intake of proteins was greater than that recommended by the Italian Dietary Reference Values at all follow-ups.ConclusionsThese preliminary results provide a useful basis for understanding the nutrient intake patterns of infants in this area of Italy during the first year of life.

scholarly journals Intakes of total fat, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in Irish children, teenagers and adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triona Joyce ◽  
Alison J Wallace ◽  
Sinead N McCarthy ◽  
Michael J Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Main Food ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractRecommendations limiting the intake of total fat, SFA, MUFA and PUFA have been established in several countries with the aim of reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as CVD. Studies have shown that intakes of total fat and SFA are above desired recommended intake levels across a wide range of age and sex groups. In addition, intakes of PUFA and MUFA are often reported to be less than the desired recommended intake levels. The aims of the present paper are to provide the first data on estimates of current intakes and main food sources of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in Irish children (aged 5–12 years), teenagers (aged 13–17 years) and adults (aged 18–64 years) and to analyse compliance with current dietary recommendations. Data for this analysis were based on the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey (n1379, 18–64 years), the National Children’s Food Survey (n594, 5–12 years) and the National Teen Food Survey (n441, 13–17 years). Results showed that SFA intakes in Irish children, teenagers and adults are high, with only 6 % of children, 11 % of teenagers and 21 % of adults in compliance with the recommended daily intake. The main food groups that contributed to SFA intakes were whole milk; fresh meat; meat products; biscuits, cakes, buns and pastries; and sugars, confectionery and preserves.

Determination of mean daily intakes of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins in 24-hour diets of children in the Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bakker ◽  
E. Sizoo ◽  
A. Jekel ◽  
D.P. Pereboom-de Fauw ◽  
R. Schothorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Diet Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Aflatoxin B

In 2006, a duplicate diet study of children's food was carried out in the Netherlands. Parents or guardians of 123 children collected duplicates of the 24-hour diets. Levels of aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins were determined. Aflatoxin M1 was detectable in 10% of the samples, with all toxin levels below the limit of quantification. Aflatoxin B1 could be detected in 80% of the samples, while in 47% of all samples aflatoxin B1 was quantifiable. Ochratoxin A could be quantified in all samples. Deoxynivalenol was quantified in almost every sample, while T-2 and HT-2 toxins could only be quantified in 3.2% and 6.4% of the samples respectively. 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol was detected in 1.6% of the samples. Fumonisin B1 was detected in 28% of the samples and fumonisin B2 in a quarter of merely those samples where fumonisin B1 was detected. In 20% of the samples fumonisin B1 could be quantified and in a quarter of those samples fumonisin B2 could be quantified too. The analytical results were used to estimate levels of daily intake. Only the mean daily intake levels for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins B1 and B2 could reliably be estimated. The values were 0.1, 4.1, 291 and 28 ng/kg bw/day respectively, all are well below the corresponding tolerable daily intakes. For aflatoxin B1 a tolerable intake does not exist, but the intake value for this mycotoxin was very low if compared to the value that would result from the intake of food, if it was contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at the EU regulatory limit, specified for baby food. The mean daily intakes of the mycotoxins determined in children's food in the Netherlands are low and implicate that there is no health risk for children due to exposure from the studied mycotoxins.

scholarly journals The North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey: survey design and methodology

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5a) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Harrington ◽  
PJ Robson ◽  
M Kiely ◽  
MBE Livingstone ◽  
J Lambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Consumption Survey

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this survey was to establish a database of habitual food and drink consumption in a representative sample of Irish adults aged 18-64 years.DesignA cross-sectional food consumption survey was carried out. Food intake data were collected using a 7-day estimated food diary. Anthropometric data included measurements of weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Questionnaire data included assessments of health, lifestyle and socio-demographic status, levels of physical activity, attitudes to diet and health and restrained eating.SettingNorthern Ireland and Republic of Ireland between 1997 and 1999.ResultsIn total, 1379 adults aged 18–64 years participated in the survey and completed the 7-day food diary. This paper gives details of the methods used to carry out the survey. Sampling, respondent recruitment, dietary assessment, collection of anthropometric and questionnaire data and data management and analysis are described.ConclusionThe North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey is unique in being the first food consumption survey ever to be carried out in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland concurrently using the same methodology.

scholarly journals The impact of voluntary fortification of foods on micronutrient intakes in Irish adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn M. Hannon ◽  
Mairead Kiely ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work was to quantify the impact of the voluntary fortification of foods on dietary intakes of vitamins and minerals of Irish adults. Foods that were voluntarily fortified were identified and pre- and post-fortification levels of micronutrients were determined from data supplied by manufacturers and food composition tables. Using food consumption data in 1379 adults aged 18–64 years, estimated using a 7-d food diary during the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey, intakes of micronutrients were determined, both including and excluding the fortification component in foods. Of approximately 3000 foods recorded as consumed, 1·9 % were fortified, mainly breakfast cereals and beverages. Median micronutrient content of fortified foods (FF) ranged from 18–33 % EC RDA per typical serving. Among consumers (65 % of men, 68 % of women), FF contributed, on average, 3·9 % (men) and 5·0 % (women) to mean daily intake (MDI) of energy. Relative to their contribution to MDI of energy, FF contribute a greater % MDI for Fe (men 16, women 19), folate (men 18, women 21), vitamins B1(men 14, women 16), B2(men 16, women 18), B6(men 12, women 15), D (men 5, women 11), B12(men 5, women 7) and niacin (men 10, women 12). Fortification significantly improved the adequacy of intake of some micronutrients, particularly of riboflavin, folate, vitamin D and Fe in women and did not contribute to an increased risk of adverse effects from excessive intake of any micronutrient.

Multi-mycotoxin exposure of children (0-24 months) in rural maize-subsistence farming areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
R.S. Tshalibe ◽  
J.P. Rheeder ◽  
J.F. Alberts ◽  
C. Taljaard-Krugell ◽  
W.C.A. Gelderblom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes

In South Africa, child malnutrition is highly prevalent among children from in rural areas mostly at risk. In the Eastern Cape (EC) Province, maize is commonly used as complementary and weaning food. Previous studies conducted in parts of EC have indicated high levels of fumonisin B (FB) mycotoxins in home-grown maize, as well as the co-occurrence of other Fusarium mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). A cross-sectional study of children below 24 months was conducted in rural maize-subsistence farming areas in Centane, EC to determine mycotoxin exposure. Home-grown maize samples (n=171) were collected from households in the study area and analysed by LC-MS/MS for FB, DON and ZEN. Food intakes of 129 children were quantified using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ). Individual raw maize consumption was calculated using recipes from the QFFQ. Probable daily intakes (PDIs) for each mycotoxin were determined using a deterministic approach and were compared to the respective mycotoxins’ provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI). The numerical means for total FB (sum of fumonisin B1, B2 and B3), DON and ZEN levels in home-grown maize were 1,035, 24.5 and 31.0 μg/kg, respectively. Mean daily maize intakes of children ranged from 2-321 g/day and increased with age. The mean PDIs for total FB, DON and ZEN were 8.4, 0.2 and 0.3 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day, respectively. Exposures stratified by age indicated persistent high mean PDIs for total FB, above the PMTDI of 2 μg/kg bw/day, ranging between 5.0-11.6 μg/kg bw/day. Mean exposure to DON and ZEN were below their relevant PMTDIs (1 and 0.5 μg/kg bw/day, respectively). Individually, 81 and 13% of children had exposures above the PMTDI for total FB and for ZEN, respectively. Results confirm the magnitude of FB exposure among vulnerable groups from rural maize subsistence farming areas in EC.

scholarly journals The efficacy and safety of nutritional supplement use in a representative sample of adults in the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5a) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kiely ◽  
A Flynn ◽  
KE Harrington ◽  
PJ Robson ◽  
N O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The North ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the current use of nutritional supplements and their contribution to micronutrient intakes in a representative sample of Irish adults, to evaluate the impact of supplement use on the adequacy of micronutrient intakes and to assess the risk to supplement users of exceeding tolerable upper intake levels (UL).Study design and subjectsFood intake data were collected in 1379 (662 male and 717 female) randomly selected Irish adults aged 18 to 64 years using a 7-day food diary. The current use of nutritional supplements was assessed using a selfadministered questionnaire and respondents entered each supplement as it was consumed into the food diary.ResultsTwenty-three per cent of respondents regularly used nutritional supplements. Twice as many women used supplements as men. The intakes of micronutrients were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in supplement users than in non-users. Micronutrient intakes from food sources were similar in male users and non-users of supplements, but were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in female users, by 3 to 13%, for Fe, Mg, Mn, vitamins C and E and niacin than in non-users. The percentage of female users between 18 and 50 years who had mean Fe intakes below the average requirement (AR) (10 mg) decreased from 50 to 25 when the contribution from supplements was included. The use of supplements reduced the percentage of men who had mean intakes below the AR for Zn from 19 to 13, for riboflavin from 14 to 6 and for vitamin A from 20 to 5, and reduced the percentage of women with intakes below the AR for Ca from 23 to 16 and for riboflavin from 23 to 14. Twenty-one women out of 80 aged between 18 and 50 years, who consumed supplemental folate, achieved the intake of 600 |xg recommended to prevent neural tube defects. Twenty-two per cent of the women who took iron and 15% of the women who took vitamin B$ in supplemental form had mean daily intakes that exceeded that UL for these nutrients. Supplement users did not exceed the UL for the other micronutrients.ConclusionsSupplementation appears to be beneficial in promoting adequate intakes of some micronutrients, particularly Fe and folate in women aged 18–50 years and vitamin A in men. There appears to be little risk to supplement users of experiencing adverse side effects due to excessive intakes of micronutrients.

scholarly journals The Intake of Phosphorus and Nitrites through Meat Products: A Health Risk Assessment of Children Aged 1 to 9 Years Old in Serbia

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Jelena Milešević ◽  
Danijela Vranić ◽  
Mirjana Gurinović ◽  
Vladimir Korićanac ◽  
Branka Borović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Phosphorous Content ◽  
Canned Meat ◽  
The Mean

This study provides the data on dietary exposure of Serbian children to nitrites and phosphorus from meat products by combining individual consumption data with available analytical data of meat products. A total of 2603 and 1900 commercially available meat products were categorized into seven groups and analysed for nitrite and phosphorous content. The highest mean levels of nitrite content, expressed as NaNO2, were found in finely minced cooked sausages (40.25 ± 20.37 mg/kg), followed by canned meat (34.95 ± 22.12 mg/kg) and coarsely minced cooked sausages (32.85 ± 23.25 mg/kg). The EDI (estimated daily intake) of nitrites from meat products, calculated from a National Food Consumption Survey in 576 children aged 1–9 years, indicated that the Serbian children population exceeded the nitrite ADI (acceptable daily intake) proposed by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) in 6.4% of children, with a higher proportion in 1–3-year-old participants. The mean phosphorus concentration varied from 2.71 ± 1.05 g/kg to 6.12 ± 1.33 g/kg in liver sausage and pate and smoked meat products, respectively. The EDI of phosphorus from meat products was far below the ADI proposed by EFSA, indicating that the use of phosphorus additives in Serbian meat products is generally in line with legislation.

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