Adeno-associated virus transformation into the normal miniature pig and the normal guinea pigs cochlea via scala tympani

2017 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunbei Shi ◽  
Nan Wu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Guo ◽  
Chang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Miniature Pig ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Virus Transformation

Perilymph Displacement by Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Cochlea

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Moscovitch ◽  
R. P. Gannon ◽  
C. A. Laszlo
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Single Opening ◽  
Continuous Displacement

On histological examination, the cochlear aqueduct of guinea pigs has a large open lumen, unlike the tissue-filled periotic duct of primates. Hence, the guinea pig's large patent periotic duct appears capable of accommodating a bulk flow of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space into the scala tympani if an egress for this fluid was provided by experimentally perforating the cochlea. In order to measure this flow the cochlea in anesthetized guinea pigs was surgically exposed and a single opening was drilled in the basal turn of the scala tympani. All of the displaced perilymph was collected in a calibrated, silicone-coated micropipette sealed into this hole, and; was measured directly by recording the advance of the meniscus in the micropipette. The displacement rates were typically 0.8 to 1 μliter/min, but could be temporarily increased by short periods of respiratory depression and changes in body orientation. From a consideration of anatomical and hydrodynamic relationships, it is concluded that a major source of the fluid which displaces perilymph in the opened guinea pig cochlea is cerebrospinal fluid which enters the scala tympani via the cochlear aqueduct. These results indicate that if a single opening is made into the cochlea at the apex, all of the perilymph in scala tympani (8.0 utters) would be displaced in approximately 10 min. Furthermore, these results have important implications for the technique of intracochlear injection used to study the effects of ions and drugs on the cochlea, because the continuous displacement of perilymph from the opened cochlea consequently removes the test substance previously injected into the scala tympani.

Spiral Modiolar Vein: Its Importance in Viral Load of the Inner Ear

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (10_suppl) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Fukuda ◽  
Jeffrey P. Harris ◽  
Elizabeth M. Keithley ◽  
Kazuo Ishikawa ◽  
Babür Küçük ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Normal Defense

Guinea pig—specific cytomegalovirus and Sendai virus were inoculated into the cochleas of seronegative guinea pigs to study the route of entry of cells participating in inner ear inflammation. Inflammatory cells accumulated around the spiral modiolar vein and appeared to be streaming from this vein into the scala tympani via a collecting venule. Inactivated virus inoculated into the cochlea and normal control cochlea failed to show inflammatory cell infiltrates. The spiral modiolar vein appears to play an important role in the movement of cells from the systemic circulation into the inner ear as part of the host's normal defense against invading pathogens such as viruses.

Therapeutic effect of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated ADNF-9 expression on cochlea of kanamycin-deafened guinea pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
pp. 1022-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxi Zheng ◽  
Zhu Zhu ◽  
Kang Zhu ◽  
Junrong Wei ◽  
Yang Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus

Induction of Endolymphatic Hydrops by Directly Infused Monoclonal Antibody against Type Ii Collagen CB11 Peptide

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuoka ◽  
Soon Seog Kwon ◽  
Marco Barbieri ◽  
Yoshiro Yazawa ◽  
T. J. Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Scala Tympani

Autoimmune ear disease induced by type II collagen has been investigated by Yoo et al. In the present study, we investigated the effects of direct chronic infusion of type II collagen-specific monoclonal antibodies into guinea pig cochlea. Type II collagen fragment CB11 peptide-specific monoclonal antibodies (anti-CB11 Mabs) were infused directly into the scala tympani of guinea pigs with an Alzet mini-osmotic pump (anti-CB11 Mab group). As a control, normal mouse serum was infused by the same method (control group). To evaluate the auditory function, we recorded brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs). In the anti-CB11 Mab group, 80% of the animals showed an increased hearing threshold of more than 25 dB at 7 days after infusion. The hearing threshold shift observed in the guinea pigs of the control group was minimal (15 dB or less). To detect the structural changes, we performed histopathologic studies using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Inflammatory cell migration was detected mainly in the scala tympani of the guinea pigs of both groups. In the anti-CB11 Mab group, endolymphatic hydrops was also observed. The results of this experiment suggest that type II collagen autoimmunity is responsible for the production of hearing loss and endolymphatic hydrops.

Investigation of the relaxant effects of propofol on ovalbumin-induced asthma in guinea pigs

2006 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I. Bagcivan ◽  
O. Cevit ◽  
M. K. Yildirim ◽  
S. Gursoy ◽  
S. Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs

Immune Electron Microscopy (IEM) of a Canine Adeno-Associated Virus

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Gunter F. Thomas ◽  
M. David Hoggan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Green Monkeys

In 1968, Sugimura and Yanagawa described a small 25 nm virus like particle in association with the Matsuda strain of infectious canine hepatitis virus (ICHV). Domoto and Yanagawa showed that this particle was dependent on ICHV for its replication in primary dog kidney cell cultures (PDK) and was resistant to heating at 70°C for 10 min, and concluded that it was a canine adeno-associated virus (CAAV). Later studies by Onuma and Yanagawa compared CAAV with the known human serotypes (AAV 1, 2, 3) and AAV-4, known to be associated with African Green Monkeys. Using the complement fixation (CF) test, they found that CAAV was serologically related to AAV-3 and had wide distribution in the dog population of Japan.

Hepatocyte Alterations in Guinea Pigs FED Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Dibenzodioxins (PCDD), AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDF)

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
J. N. Turner ◽  
D. N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cooling Fluid

A fire involving an electric service transformer and its cooling fluid, a mixture of PCBs and chlorinated benzenes, contaminated an office building with a fine soot. Chemical analysis showed PCDDs and PCDFs including the highly toxic tetra isomers. Guinea pigs were chosen as an experimental animal to test the soot's toxicity because of their sensitivity to these compounds, and the liver was examined because it is a target organ. The soot was suspended in 0.75% methyl cellulose and administered in a single dose by gavage at levels of 1,10,100, and 500mgm soot/kgm body weight. Each dose group was composed of 6 males and 6 females. Control groups included 12 (6 male, 6 female) animals fed activated carbon in methyl cellulose, 6 males fed methyl cellulose, and 16 males and 10 females untreated. The guinea pigs were sacrificed at 42 days by suffocation in CO2. Liver samples were immediately immersed and minced in 2% gluteraldehyde in cacadylate buffer at pH 7.4 and 4°C. After overnight fixation, samples were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in cacodylate for 1 hr at room temperature, embedded in epon, sectioned and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

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