Short-term tracking tag attachment disrupts chick provisioning by Atlantic Puffins Fratercula arctica and Razorbills Alca torda

Bird Study ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Symons ◽  
Antony W. Diamond
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Bond ◽  
Antony W. Diamond

How species allocate nutrients to egg production is an important question in contaminant analyses. Seabird eggs are sampled frequently in such studies, so it is important to know the source of nutrients in these eggs if the source of the contaminants is to be traced. We used a stable-isotope approach to evaluate the relative importance of locally derived nutrients (income breeding) and stored nutrient reserves (capital breeding) in six species of Atlantic seabirds (Arctic Tern, Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan, 1763; Common Tern, Sterna hirundo L., 1758; Atlantic Puffin, Fratercula arctica (L., 1758); Common Murre, Uria aalge (Pontoppidan, 1763); Razorbill, Alca torda L., 1758; Leach’s Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818)) breeding in the Bay of Fundy. We found that all species either were income breeders or adopted an intermediate strategy whereby varying proportions of locally derived nutrients were incorporated into eggs. Each species’ migratory behaviour is likely a main factor in determining the amount of endogenous nutrients used in egg formation.


1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Threlfall

One thousand and one alcids of six species (Alca torda, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, Plautus alle, Cepphus grylle, Fratercula arctica) were collected in the northwestern North Atlantic, during the period June, 1966 – September, 1969, and examined for parasites. Helminths belonging to 12 genera were recovered, the common murre (U. aalge) containing the greatest number of species. Statistically significant annual variations (P < 005) in the parasite burden of this species were noted. No differences in intensity of infection in male and female birds and in chicks and adults were detected. Twelve new host records are noted.


Author(s):  
David B. McCorquodale ◽  
Dan B. Banks ◽  
Matthew I. Kerr ◽  
Richard W. Knapton ◽  
David L. Harris

The Bird Islands support the largest colonies of nesting seabirds in Nova Scotia. From a continental perspective the islands host one of the largest Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) colonies in North America and a significant Razorbill (Alca torda) colony. However the islands are best known for nesting Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica). Populations of all species have changed over the past 75 years, none so dramatically as Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Kittiwakes colonized the islands 20 years ago and are now the most numerous nesting seabirds. Two other recent colonists, Herring (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gulls (L. marinus) are the next most common nesting species on the islands. In contrast the small colony of Common Murres (Uria aalge) and the large colonies of Arctic (Sterna paradisaea) and Common Terns (S. hirundo) of the 1920s have disappeared. Here we present recent estimates of breeding populations and summarize the data on changes in populations in the past 75 years based on a review of the literature, and surveys conducted from boats circumnavigating the islands during 11 different years from 1976 until 2000. The changes in breeding populations of seabirds on the Bird Islands show that their importance for conservation has changed through the years. For example in the 1920s about one third of all nesting Double-crested Cormorants in Nova Scotia were on the Bird Islands. In 1933 no Great Cormorants nested on the islands. In contrast in 2000 they supported the largest colony of Great Cormorants in North America and less than 1% of the Double-crested Cormorants in eastern Canada.En Nouvelle-Écosse, ce sont les îles Bird qui abritent les plus grosses colonies d’oiseaux de mer nicheurs. Les îles hébergent une des plus grosses colonies de Grands Cormorans (Phalacrocorax carbo) de l’Amérique du Nord et une colonie importante de Petits Pingouins (Alca torda). Cependant, les îles sont plus connues pour les Macareux moines (Fratercula arctica). Depuis les 75 dernières années, les populations de toutes les espèces ont changé, mais c’est la population de Mouettes tridactyles (Rissa tridactyla) qui a changé le plus. Il y a vingt ans, ces mouettes ont colonisé les îles et sont devenues les oiseaux de mer les plus abondants à s’y reproduire. Deux autres espèces ayant colonisé les îles depuis peu, le Goéland argenté (Larus argentatus) et le Goéland marin (L. marinus), arrivent au second rang pour ce qui est des oiseaux nicheurs les plus nombreux sur les îles. Par contre, la petite colonie de Guillemots marmettes (Uria aalge) et les grosses colonies de Sternes arctiques (Sterna paradisaea) et de Sternes pierregarins (S. hirundo) qui y vivaient durant les années 1920 ont disparu. Nous présentons ici des évaluations récentes des populations d’oiseaux nicheurs et les tendances démographiques depuis les 75 dernières années à partir d’une revue de la documentation, ainsi que les résultats de relevés effectués dans 11 années, entre 1976 et 2000, à bord de bateaux qui ont fait le tour des îles. Les changements dans les populations d’oiseaux de mer qui se reproduisent sur les îles Bird montrent que leur importance sur le plan de la conservation a varié au cours des années. Par exemple, dans les années 1920, environ un tiers de tous les Cormorans à aigrettes qui nichaient en Nouvelle-Écosse le faisaient sur les îles Bird. En 1933, aucun Grand Cormoran ne nichait sur les îles, tandis qu’en 2000, elles abritaient la plus grosse colonie de cette espèce en Amérique du Nord et moins de 1 % des Cormorans à aigrettes de l’est du Canada.PROC. N.S. INST. SCI. (2004)Volume 42, Part 2, pp. 241-252*


1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon S. Eveleigh ◽  
William Threlfall

Two hundred and fifty auks of five species (Alca torda, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, Cepphus grylle, Fratercula arctica) were collected in Newfoundland in 1972 and 1973, and examined for Ixodes uriae. Ticks were recovered from all the bird species examined except C. grylle. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found in the burden on adult auks with regard to sex and weight. The distribution of the tick stages on the hosts is presented: adult females prefer the neck, larvae prefer the body regions. The distribution of nymphs varied with the host species. The population structure of the tick on the hosts is recorded. Immature auks are rarely infested.


Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Major ◽  
Sarah E. Durham ◽  
Natalia Fana ◽  
Joy E. Rivers ◽  
Antony W. Diamond

The Gulf of Maine is warming faster than most of the world’s ocean and is also the southern-most limit for nesting, cold-adapted Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) and Razorbill (Alca torda). Beginning in 1995, the Atlantic Laboratory for Avian Research has collected annual data on phenology, productivity, and fledgling body condition for puffins and Razorbills nesting at Machias Seal Island. Here, we aimed to quantify changes in these measures of breeding performance and assess whether they are related to environmental conditions. As predicted, we found that all measures of breeding performance (except puffin fledge date) have changed between 1995 and 2020, and in many cases, puffins and Razorbills are responding differently. Specifically, hatch date has retreated for puffins (occurring approximately 1 week later in 2011–2020 than in 1995–2004) and advanced for Razorbills (occurring approximately 1 week earlier in 2011–2020 than in 1995–2004). We found that environmental conditions were important predictors for measures of breeding performance, but importance of environmental conditions differ both between the species and among the measures of breeding performance. As the climate continues to warm, we expect continued changes in breeding performance of puffins and Razorbills. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for differences between the 2 species and the impacts of continued warming.


2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.


Author(s):  
M. O. Magnusson ◽  
D. G. Osborne ◽  
T. Shimoji ◽  
W. S. Kiser ◽  
W. A. Hawk

Short term experimental and clinical preservation of kidneys is presently best accomplished by hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated and millipore filtered plasma. This study was undertaken to observe ultrastructural changes occurring during 24-hour preservation using the above mentioned method.A kidney was removed through a midline incision from healthy mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The kidneys were flushed immediately after removal with chilled electrolyte solution and placed on a LI-400 preservation system and perfused at 8-10°C. Serial kidney biopsies were obtained at 0-½-1-2-4-8-16 and 24 hours of preservation. All biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy. At the end of the preservation period the kidneys were autografted.


Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).


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