Bionomics of Ixodes (Ceratixodes) uriae White, 1852 on auks (Alcidae) from Newfoundland

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon S. Eveleigh ◽  
William Threlfall
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Alca Torda ◽  
Ixodes Uriae ◽  
Fratercula Arctica ◽  
Cepphus Grylle ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference

Two hundred and fifty auks of five species (Alca torda, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, Cepphus grylle, Fratercula arctica) were collected in Newfoundland in 1972 and 1973, and examined for Ixodes uriae. Ticks were recovered from all the bird species examined except C. grylle. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found in the burden on adult auks with regard to sex and weight. The distribution of the tick stages on the hosts is presented: adult females prefer the neck, larvae prefer the body regions. The distribution of nymphs varied with the host species. The population structure of the tick on the hosts is recorded. Immature auks are rarely infested.

Helminth parasites of alcids in the northwestern North Atlantic

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Threlfall
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
New Host ◽  
Alca Torda ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Common Murre ◽  
Fratercula Arctica ◽  
Cepphus Grylle

One thousand and one alcids of six species (Alca torda, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, Plautus alle, Cepphus grylle, Fratercula arctica) were collected in the northwestern North Atlantic, during the period June, 1966 – September, 1969, and examined for parasites. Helminths belonging to 12 genera were recovered, the common murre (U. aalge) containing the greatest number of species. Statistically significant annual variations (P < 005) in the parasite burden of this species were noted. No differences in intensity of infection in male and female birds and in chicks and adults were detected. Twelve new host records are noted.

Should registrars be reporting after-hours CT scans? A calculation of error rate and the influencing factors in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen D Terreblanche ◽  
Savvas Andronikou ◽  
Linda T Hlabangana ◽  
Taryn Brown ◽  
Pieter E Boshoff
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
After Hours ◽  
The Difference

Background There is a heavy reliance on registrars for after-hours CT reporting with a resultant unavoidable error rate. Purpose To determine the after-hours CT reporting error rate by radiology registrars and influencing factors on this error rate. Material and Methods A 2-month prospective study was undertaken at two tertiary, level 1 trauma centers in Johannesburg, South Africa. Provisional CT reports issued by the registrar on call were reviewed by a qualified radiologist the following morning and information relating to the number, time and type of reporting errors made as well as the body region scanned, indication for the scan, year of training of the registrar, and workload during the call were recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 1477 CT scans were performed with an overall error rate of 17.1% and a major error rate of 7.7%. The error rate for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year registrars was 19.4%, 15.1%, and 14.5%, respectively. A significant difference was found between the error rate in reporting trauma scans (15.8%) compared to non-trauma scans (19.2%) although the difference between emergency scans (16.9%) and elective scans (22.6%) was found to be not significant, a finding likely due to the low number of elective scans performed. Abdominopelvic scans elicited the highest number of errors (33.9%) compared to the other body regions such as head (16.5%) and cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine (11.7%). Increasing workload resulted in a significant increase in error rate when analyzed with a generalized linear model. There was also a significant difference noted in the time of scan groups which we attributed to a workload effect. Missed findings were the most frequent errors seen (57.3%). Conclusion We found an increasing error rate associated with increasing workload and marked increase in errors with the reporting of abdominopelvic scans. There was a decrease in the error rate when looking an increasing year of training although this there was only found to be significant difference between the 2nd and 3rd year registrars.

Distortion of body image in the obese: a sensory phenomenon

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick M. Gardner ◽  
Renée Martinez ◽  
Tracy Espinoza ◽  
Venice Gallegos
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
And Control

SynopsisBody weight in 42 obese and normal weight subjects was measured using a video TV monitor. Tasks included a continuous task where subjects manipulated the width of their body image on TV, and a discrete task, where they judged the accuracy of their TV image which was presented as either normal, too heavy, or too thin. Subjects rated their full body, body regions which included face, waist, and thighs, and two inanimate control objects. Results from the continuous task revealed that obese subjects overestimated body size more than normals. There was also a significant difference in the ratings of the four body regions, with all regions overestimated. Judgements were more accurate for body regions and control objects on ascending trials where the subjects had to increase the width of the image. No differences were obtained between obese and normals on judgements of the control objects. On the discrete discrimination task, a signal detection analysis revealed sensory sensitivity differences between obese and normal weight subjects. Obese subjects were poorer at detecting size distortions of the body regions. The thin/normal discrimination was more difficult than the heavy/normal discrimination. No response criterion differences were found between obese and control subjects, although subjects adopted a more strict criterion with the thin/normal discriminations. Implications of these findings for clinical intervention in eating disorders are discussed.

scholarly journals Investigation of musculoskeletal system injuries in athletes doing bodybuilding and fitness sportsVücut geliştirme ve fitness sporu yapanlarda, kas, iskelet sistemi sakatlıklarının belirlenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 4023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Çetinkaya ◽  
Halil Tanır ◽  
Emrah Atay ◽  
Çilem Bulut ◽  
Hamdullah Engin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Building ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fitness Training

The aim of this research is to investigate the musculoskeletal system injuries in athletes doing bodybuilding and fitness sports.The population of the study consists of 143 female (34.5%) and 272 (65.5%) male participants aged between 16-60 (26.16 ± 8.83) doing body building and fitness training in the gymnasiums located in İzmir, Denizli, Aydın, Manisa and Muğla. The "Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal System Questionnaire (ENMSQ)" was used to question musculoskeletal disorders. ENMSQ asks yes / no whether there is pain, pain or discomfort in the nine body regions up to now, within the last 12 months, within the last four weeks, and on the day the assessment is made. The Nordic Musculoskeletal The data obtained from ENMSQ was calculated at a significance level of 0.05 in the 95% confidence interval by the SPSS 22.0 package program.In the study, it was found that there was no significant difference between individuals in terms of getting injured according to variables such as gender, sports training, warming exercises before training (p>0.05); There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between individuals in the knee region according to age variable; on shoulder and knee regions according to BMI values, elbow, hand-wrist and forearm and foot-to-foot area according to frequency of weekly training.In the study, it was concluded that increase in the likelihood of getting injured in the knee and shoulder regions due to increase in age and BMI values for the athletes doing body building and fitness sports. Therefore, doing regular physical activity, adequate and     balanced diet should be regulated the body weight according to height in order to avoid injuries in knee and shoulder areas. In addition, the study found that as the frequency of weekly training decreased in those engaged in body building and fitness, there were increases in elbows, hand-wrists and injuries to the forearms and foot-to-foot areas of them. Therefore, the likelihood of getting injured in the elbow, hand-wrist and forearm and foot-ankle regions can be reduced by increasing the frequency of weekly training and broadening its scope.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı vücut geliştirme ve fitness sporu yapanlarda görülen, kas-iskelet sistemi sakatlıklarının belirlenmesidir.Araştırmanın örneklemini İzmir, Denizli, Aydın, Manisa ve Muğla illerinde bulunan spor salonlarında vücut geliştirme ve fitness antrenmanlarına katılan, yaşları 16-60 (26.16±8.83) arasında değişen, 143’ü kadın (%34.5) ve 272‘si erkek (%65.5) olmak üzere 415 gönüllü kişi oluşturmuştur. Kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarını sorgulamak amacıyla “Genişletilmiş Nordic Kas İskelet Sistemi Anketi (GNKİSA)” kullanıldı. GNKİSA, dokuz vücut bölgesinde şimdiye kadar, son 12 ay içinde, son dört hafta içinde ve değerlendirmenin yapıldığı gün, acı, ağrı veya rahatsızlık olup olmadığını evet/hayır şeklinde sorgular. GNKİSA’dan elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 paket programında %95 güven aralığında 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirildi.Yapılan istatistiki analizlerde yaş değişkenine göre diz bölgesinden; BKİ değerlerine göre omuz ve diz bölgelerinden; haftalık antrenman yapma sıklığına göre dirsek, el-el bileği ve ön kol ile ayak-ayak bileği bölgelerinden sakatlık geçiren ve geçirmeyen bireyler arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu görüldü (p<0.05).Araştırmada vücut geliştirme ve fitness sporuyla uğraşanlarda yaş ve BKİ değerlerinin artışına bağlı olarak diz ve omuz bölgelerinde sakatlıklarının görülme oranında artışların olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Bu nedenle diz ve omuz bölgelerinde sakatlıklarla karşılaşmamak için düzenli fiziksel aktiviteye katılım, yeterli ve dengeli beslenme ile boy uzunluğuna uygun vücut ağırlığının denetimi sağlanmalıdır. Buna ek olarak, araştırmada vücut geliştirme ve fitness sporuyla uğraşanlarda haftalık antrenman sıklığı azaldıkça dirsek, el-el bileği ve ön kol ile ayak-ayak bileği bölgelerinde görülen sakatlıklarda artışların olduğu ortaya konuldu. Bundan dolayı haftalık antrenman sıklığının arttırılması suretiyle kapsam genişletilerek dirsek, el-el bileği ve ön kol ile ayak-ayak bileği bölgelerinde sakatlık görülme olasılığı azaltılabilir.

The role of scratching in the control of ectoparasites on birds

The Auk ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham B Goodman ◽  
Margaux C Klingensmith ◽  
Sarah E Bush ◽  
Dale H Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Feather Lice ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Abstract Grooming by birds is thought to serve essential anti-parasite functions. While preening has been well studied, little is known about the function of scratching in birds. We conducted a series of experiments to determine the effectiveness of scratching for controlling feather lice (Columbicola columbae) on Rock Pigeons (Columba livia). First, we used a hobbling technique to impair scratching. After 6 mo, hobbled birds had significantly more lice than controls that could scratch. In addition, lice on hobbled birds were concentrated on the birds’ heads and necks (i.e. the regions that birds scratch). Secondly, we tested the role the claw plays in scratching by declawing nestlings. Once mature, declawed pigeons had significantly more lice than control birds with claws. Moreover, lice on declawed birds were concentrated on the head and neck. Next, we tested whether the flange found on the middle claw of many bird species enhances scratching. We experimentally manipulated the flange; however, the number and location of lice on birds without flanges was not significantly different than that on control birds with intact flanges. Finally, we tested whether scratching removes parasites directly or indirectly by “flushing” them onto body regions where they can be preened. When we impaired scratching (with hobbles) and preening (with “bits”) we found that scratching no longer reduced the number of lice on birds. Our results indicated that scratching and preening work synergistically; scratching reduces parasite load by flushing lice onto regions of the body where they can be eliminated by preening.

Stomach contents of autumn-feeding marine vertebrates from Hornsund, Svalbard

Polar Record ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (153) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lydersen ◽  
Ian Gjertz ◽  
Jan Marcin Weslawski
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Rissa Tridactyla ◽  
Fulmarus Glacialis ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Fratercula Arctica ◽  
Cepphus Grylle ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius

AbstractStomachs of 171 vertebrates (two species offish, eight of birds and twoof seals) from Hornsund, Svalbard, were collected between 7 September and 5 October 1984. Arctic cod Boreogadus saida and the amphipod Pamthemisto libellula were the main prey species of black guillemots Cepphus grylle, little auks Alle alle, puffins Fratercula arctica, Brunnich's guillemots Uria lomvia, kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and ringed seals Phoca hispida. Fulmars Fulmarus glacialis preyed mainly on the squid Gonatusfabricii and the polychaete Nereis irrorata. Eiders Somateria mollissima preyed mainly on bivalves and on the amphipod Gammarellus homari. G. homari and Gammarus oceanicus were the most important prey species of striped snailfish Liparis liparis, while shorthorn sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius mainly preyed upon G. homari and Anonyx sarsi. Glaucous gulls LOTUS hyperboreus took many different prey including birds and tundra plants. Only one bearded seal Erignathus barbatus stomach with content was available for this study.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SENAM AEROBIK INTENSITAS SEDANG DAN TINGGI TERHADAP TEKANAN INTRAOKULER WANITA DEWASA NON GLAUKOMA

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy F Rumampuk ◽  
Wenny Supit ◽  
Djon Wongkar
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arterial Pulse ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract: The influence of aerobic fitness to certain physiologic changes of the body, in this case a decrease of intraocular pressure (IOP), has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to examplify the influence of medium and high intensity aerobic fitness to the IOPs of non-glaucomatous adult females by involving 30 subjects (n=30) in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Prior to doing the aerobic fitness, body weight (BW), height (H), body mass index (BMI), and the arterial pulse were measured. The IOPs were measured by using a Schiotz Tonometer. Aerobic fitness was conducted under the supervision of a fitness instructor. Subjects in the treatment group carried out aerobic fitness on a regular basis. A mild intensity aerobic fitness was carried out for 30 minutes and a high intensity one for 15 minutes. There was a significant difference between the IOP values of post-aerobic fitness in the mild intensity group and the high intensity group (P < 0.05). This is shown by the average IOP value of post-aerobic fitness in the mild intensity group 15.37±1.261 mmHg, and the average IOP value of post-aerobic fitness in the high intensity group decreasing to 12.92±1.111 mmHg. Conclusion: aerobic fitness can decrease the IOP.Keywords: intra-ocular, aerobic fitness, female, non-glaucomatousAbstrak: Pengaruh senam aerobik dalam mengakibatkan perubahan fisiologik tubuh berupa penurunan tekanan intraokuler (TIO) belum jelas diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam aerobik intensitas sedang dan tinggi terhadap TIO wanita dewasa non-glaukoma dengan mengikutsertakan 30 subyek (n=30) yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Sebelum melakukan senam aerobik, dilakukan pengukuran berat badan (BB), tinggi badan (TB), Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), serta denyut nadi. TIO diukur dengan menggunakan Tonometer Schiotz. Kegiatan senam aerobik dibimbing oleh seorang instruktur senam. Kelompok perlakuan melaksanakan aktifitas senam aerobik secara berkesinambungan. Senam aerobik intensitas sedang dilakukan selama 30 menit dan senam aerobik intensitas tinggi dilakukan selama 15 menit. Terdapat perbedaan nilai TIO yang bermakna sesudah senam aerobik intensitas sedang dengan sesudah senam aerobik intensitas tinggi (P < 0,05). Hal ini terlihat pada hasil rerata TIO pada kelompok perlakukan sesudah senam aerobik intensitas sedang sebesar 15,37±1,261 mmHg dan sesudah senam aerobik intensitas tinggi menurun menjadi 12,92±1,111. Simpulan: senam aerobik dapat menurunkan TIO.Kata kunci: intraokuler, senam aerobik, wanita, non-glaukoma

scholarly journals Practical Use of the Navigate Pain Application for the Assessment of the Area, Location, and Frequency of the Pain Location in Young Soccer Goalkeepers

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Muracki ◽  
Martyna Kumorek ◽  
Aleksandra Kisilewicz ◽  
Beata Pożarowszczyk ◽  
Dennis Boye Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
The Body ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Training Camp ◽  
Pain Location ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Mapping Software ◽  
Professional Team Sports ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Next to winning, minimizing injuries during training and matches is one of the primary goals of professional team sports games. Soreness and pain can be early indicators and risk factors for acute or long‐term injuries. Monitoring pain intensity and duration, as well as potential sources, are useful for planning practices and can be effective means for preventing injury. The aim of this study was to assess the areas and locations of pain in young soccer goalkeepers during a training camp, and to differentiate the area and frequency between pain arising from the muscles (MP), joints (JP), or as a result of an impact (IP). Recordings of the MP, JP, and IP location along with the area were performed using digital body mapping software (Navigate Pain Android app, Aalborg University, Denmark) installed on a tablet personal computer at the end of each training day across a 5‐day training camp. There was a significant difference in the area between the three types of pain (p < 0.001). The post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the pixel areas of IP versus JP (p < 0.001), IP versus MP (p < 0.001), and JP versus MP (p < 0.001). There was no significant time‐effect for the IP area between 1‐5 days of training (p = 0.610), neither for MP (p = 0.118) or JP (p = 0.797) and no significant difference for all three pain areas between the front and the back side of the body. The body regions most often reported for MP were thighs, while for JP they were groin and hips, and for IP the hips, shoulders, and forearms were most frequently indicated. This is the first study to map and report the pain distribution associated with training across a 5‐day training camp in soccer goalkeepers, and these findings emphasize the value of using digital pain drawings clinically as well as for monitoring the health status of soccer players.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

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