Short‐term effects of food protein content on subsequent diet selection by chickens and the consequences of alternate feeding of high‐ and low‐protein foods

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Forbes ◽  
F. Shariatmadari
2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiridoula Athanasiadou ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis ◽  
Frank Jackson ◽  
Robert L. Coop

The aims of the present study were to investigate (1), the potential anthelmintic properties and (2), the nutritional consequences of commercially available condensed tannins on parasitised sheep fed,ad libitum, either a high- or a low-protein food. For this purpose, forty-eight previously parasite-naïve sheep (n12) were infected with 2000Trichostrongylus colubriformislarvae/d for a 67-d experimental period. Two experimental foods were made: a low (L), formulated to be inadequate in meeting the requirements of growing sheep for metabolisable protein (MP), and based on wheat, citrus pulp, and oatfeed; a high (H), expected to be above the requirements of growing sheep for MP, based on similar ingredients but supplemented with protected soyabean meal. Two additional foods were made by adding 60 gQuebracho(a condensed tannins (CT) extract)/kg fresh matter to foods L and H (foods LQ and HQ respectively). This level ofQuebrachosupplementation has been previously shown to reduce the level of parasitism in restrictedly fed, parasitised sheep. The experiment was divided into two periods: period 1 (P1, day 1–38) and period 2 (P2, day 39–67), each one associated with different phases of an intestinal parasitic infection. Six sheep from each group were slaughtered at the end of P1, and the remaining sheep were slaughtered at the end of P2(day 67). Although faecal egg counts (FEC; number of parasite eggs/g faeces) and total egg output were reduced in sheep offered the supplemented foods during P1(P<0·05), worm burdens on day 38 were unaltered. NeitherQuebrachosupplementation nor food protein content during P2affected FEC and worm burdens. Food intake and performance were higher in sheep offered food HQ compared with sheep offered food H (P<0·05); no differences were observed in sheep offered foods LQ and L throughout the experiment. The previously shown anthelmintic properties of CT were not observed followingad libitumintake of either low- or high-protein foods supplemented withQuebrachoextract. Higher levels of CT supplementation may be required to reduce parasitism and consequently improve the performance of parasitised sheep, when fedad libitum. Supplementation with CT conferred advantages on the performance of parasitised sheep on a high- but not on a low-protein food.


1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cianciaruso ◽  
Vincenzo Bellizzi ◽  
Alfredo Capuano ◽  
Giuseppe Bovi ◽  
Anna Nastasi ◽  
...  

ASAIO Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
M S El-Kurdi ◽  
E L Pekarcik ◽  
K N Litwak ◽  
D A Vorp

Author(s):  
Л.А. МХИТАРЬЯНЦ ◽  
О.В. ТАРАНЕЦ ◽  
Г.А. МХИТАРЬЯНЦ

Исследовано влияние нагрева на отделяемость оболочки семян сои при их обработке в микроволновой печи токами СВЧ. Объектом исследования были семена сои сорта Вилана урожая 2017 г. Время обработки варьировали в пределах от 30 до 50 с. В образцах семян определяли температуру нагрева, после чего их выдерживали в течение суток и затем подвергали дроблению. Полученную дробленку разбирали на 3 части: ядра, целые семена и оболочки, после чего определяли массовые доли отделенной оболочки и оболочки, оставшейся в дробленке. Установлено, что кратковременный нагрев семян сои СВЧ-излучением оказывает существенное влияние на отделяемость оболочки. У семян без обработки СВЧ-излучением содержание оболочки в перерабатываемом ядре составляет 3,0%, у обработанных при 70°С – 1,6%, при 80°С – 1,3%, т. е. с повышением температуры нагрева эффективность отделения оболочки возрастает. Одновременно снижается содержание оболочки в дробленке, поступающей на извлечение масла. Снижение содержания оболочки в перерабатываемом ядре приводит к значительному повышению содержания белка в получаемом шроте. Нагрев семян сои целесообразно ограничить 70°С, чтобы предотвратить денатурацию белковых веществ. Повышение эффективности отделения оболочки при ее содержании в дробленке не более 1,6% даже при низком содержании протеина в семенах (32–33%) может обеспечить выработку стандартного по содержанию протеина шрота. The effect of heating on the separability of soybean seed shell during their treatment in a microwave oven with microwave currents was investigated. Seeds of soybean varieties Vilana harvest in 2017 were the object of study. Processing time varied from 30 to 50 seconds. In samples of seeds the heating temperature was determined, after which they were kept for a day and then subjected to crushing. The resulting crusher was disassembled into 3 parts: the core, whole seeds and the shell, and then determined the mass fractions of the separated shell and the shell remaining in the crusher. It was found that short-term heating of soybean seeds by microwave radiation has a significant effect on the separability of the shell. In seeds without treatment with microwave radiation the content of the shell in the processed core is 3,0%, in treated at 70°C – 1,6%, at 80°C –1,3%, i. e., with an increase in the heating temperature, the efficiency of the shell separation increases. At the same time the content of the shell in the crusher supplied to the oil extraction is reduced. Reducing the content of the shell in the processed core leads to a significant increase in the protein content in the resulting meal. Heating of soybean seeds should be limited to 70°C to prevent denaturation of protein substances. Increasing the efficiency of separation of the shell at its content in the crusher is not more than 1,6%, even with a low protein content in the seeds (32–33%) can provide a standard for the content of protein meal.


Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3025
Author(s):  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
Tammy Fansabedian ◽  
Vincent C.H. Wong ◽  
Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek ◽  
Neil R. Brett ◽  
...  

Dietary protein affects energy balance by decreasing food intake (FI) and increasing energy expenditure through diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in adults. Our objective was to investigate the effects of increasing the dietary protein in an isocaloric breakfast on subjective appetite, FI, blood glucose, and DIT in 9–14 y children. Two randomized repeated measures designs were used. In experiment 1, 17 children (9 boys, 8 girls) consumed isocaloric meals (450 kcal) on four separate mornings containing: 7 g (control), 15 g (low protein, LP), 30 g (medium protein, MP) or 45 g (high protein, HP) of protein. Blood glucose and subjective appetite were measured at baseline and regular intervals for 4 h, and FI was measured at 4 h. In experiment 2, 9 children (6 boys, 3 girls) consumed the control or HP breakfast on two separate mornings, and both DIT and subjective appetite were determined over 5 h. In experiment 1, all dietary protein treatments suppressed subjective appetite compared to control (p < 0.001), and the HP breakfast suppressed FI compared with the LP breakfast and control (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, DIT was higher after HP than control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing the dietary protein content of breakfast had favorable effects on satiety, FI, and DIT in children.


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