Seasonal Changes in Mineral Content of Different Organs in the Alternate Bearing of Pistachio Trees

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Baninasab ◽  
Majid Rahemi ◽  
Hossein Shariatmadari
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Pistachio Trees

SEASONAL CHANGES IN LEAF MINERAL CONTENT MAY AFFECT FOLIAR DIAGNOSTIC IN STRAWBERRY

2009 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Domínguez ◽  
E. Martínez ◽  
A. Trigo ◽  
D. Alonso ◽  
R. García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mineral Content

scholarly journals Macronutrient Allocation to Leaves and Fruit of Mature, Alternate-bearing Pistachio Trees: Magnitude and Seasonal Patterns at the Whole-canopy Level

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Picchioni ◽  
P.H. Brown ◽  
S.A. Weinbaum ◽  
T.T. Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
N Resorption ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Pistachio Trees

Estimates of leaflet and fruit macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) accumulation and resorption were developed in six (three heavily cropping, on-year and three noncropping, off-year) mature pistachio (Pistacia vera L. `Kerman') trees over three growing seasons during three stages of phenology [the spring growth flush (April to June); seed fill (late June to September); and leaf senescence (September to November)]. Crop load influenced total nutrient content per tree in annual organs (leaves and fruit), the relative allocation of nutrients between leaves and fruit, temporal patterns of nutrient accumulation in annual organs, and the magnitude of net leaf nutrient resorption per tree prior to leaf fall. In off-year trees, macronutrient accumulation in annual organs (leaves) was concentrated during the spring flush of growth. In contrast, significant macronutrient accumulation in annual organs of on-year trees (leaves plus fruit) occurred not only during the spring flush of growth but also during seed fill. Duration and magnitude of macronutrient accumulation were greater in on-year vs. off-year trees. Fruit N and P demand during seed fill was partially met by a net decrease in the N and P contents of the pericarp. These decreases in pericarp nutrient content during seed fill were equivalent to 32% and 26% of embryo accumulation of N and P, respectively. Fruit demand for N, P, and K during the spring flush of “on” years was accompanied by reduced leaf N, P, and K contents per tree. Net leaf N, Ca, and Mg resorption per tree during leaf senescence differed with crop load. Net leaf N resorption was significantly greater in off-year trees than on-year trees. Leaf N resorption presumably represents an important component of the N pool stored in perennial tree parts during dormancy. The greater leaf N resorption following “off” years was a function of greater leaf N concentration and greater leaf biomass per tree. In contrast, net leaf resorption of Ca and Mg was greater in on-year vs. off-year trees. Experimental validation of the magnitude and periodicity of nutrient uptake by mature pistachio trees is needed during the alternate-bearing cycle, especially in light of the potential contribution of current fertilization practices to groundwater contamination.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes of Mineral Content of Southern Forages

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1822-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Kappel ◽  
E.B. Morgan ◽  
Laura Kilgore ◽  
R.H. Ingraham ◽  
D.K. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mineral Content

Seasonal changes in the composition and mineral content of the body of hill ewes

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Field ◽  
N. F. Suttle ◽  
R. G. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Intracellular Ions

SUMMARYGroups of ewes kept under hill conditions were killed at intervals during October to July 1965–66. Supplementary feed was given between February and May. The carcasses were divided into soft tissue, uterus and its contents and skeletal fractions. Each fraction was dissolved in HNO3 and its fat and mineral content measured. The sheep were heavier in November and lighter in May during lactation than at other times. The content of fat in the body fell progressively from October to May and then increased; initially fat was withdrawn only from the soft tissues but by April and May the fat contents of both skeleton and soft tissues were exceedingly low. The weight of fatfree soft tissue remained relatively constant but was heaviest in July. Fat-free skeleton fraction was lighter in January than in April.The contents of the predominantly intracellular ions, P, Mg and K in the soft tissue fell between November and January, remained constant between January and May and then increased. There was an increase in Na towards the end of pregnancy followed by a marked fall after parturition. The contents of Ca and P in the skeleton fell between November and January and during lactation between April and July. There was a marked increase between February and April when supplementary feeding was given. Evidence that Mg was selectively removed from the skeleton was obtained in November and January, two sheep having Ca:Mg ratios in skeleton greater than 100. Na and K contents of the skeleton were greatest at the end of pregnancy in April. For the lambs between 6 and 23 kg live weight, each kg of live-weight gain contained 8·8 g Ca, 5·0 g P, 0·27 g Mg, 0·83 g Na and 1·85 g K.

scholarly journals Effect of Fall Defoliation and Spring Shading on Shoot Carbohydrate and Growth Parameters among Individual Branches of Alternate Bearing `Kerman' Pistachio Trees

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntubani D.S. Nzima ◽  
George C. Martin ◽  
Chic Nishijima
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Carbohydrate Storage ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Artificial Shading ◽  
Pistachio Trees

Early fall (September) defoliation and late spring (early June) shading of “off” and “on” pistachio trees were used to test two hypotheses: that 1) fall defoliation would reduce carbohydrate storage sufficiently to suppress spring growth and 2) spring shading would reduce carbohydrate status and increase inflorescence bud abscission. Defoliation suppressed initial leaf area expansion the following spring on current year shoots of “off” but not “on” trees respectively. Suppression of leaf size was correlated with the initial low concentration of carbohydrates in organs of individual branches of the tree. Fruiting and artificial shading in June had more dramatic effects on growth parameters than defoliating. Shading “off” trees for 14 days in early June accelerated abscission of inflorescence buds, reduced dry mass of individual leaves, buds, current year and 1-year-old shoots. Shading also reduced the concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) of these organs in “off” and “on” trees. Fruiting suppressed leaf size and leaf dry mass by 20% and 30% among individual branches of undefoliated and defoliated trees respectively. Low carbohydrate concentrations in individual branches and inflorescence buds following shading were closely correlated with the abscission of inflorescence buds.

scholarly journals Mechanical Topping Mitigates Alternate Bearing of `Kerman' Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ferguson ◽  
J. Maranto ◽  
R. Beede
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Pistachio Trees

The effects of four mechanical pruning treatments [hedging, topping, hedging/topping, and hand-pruning (control)] on nut yield, nut quality, alternate bearing, and growth of 14-year-old female `Kerman' pistachio trees on Pistacia atlantica L. rootstocks were assessed. A single pruning was done before an “off,” or low-crop, year followed by retopping of those treatments incorporating topping the first year. Over 7 years, yields of hedged/topped and topped trees were equal to those of control trees, while hedged trees produced significantly less. The incidence of nonsplit shells and blank nuts were not affected by pruning. Nuts weighed more all years for hedged/topped and topped trees than for the others. Alternate-bearing indices within 7 years were lower for pruning treatments incorporating topping. Topping mitigated the fluctuating annual vegetative growth pattern and resulted in 27% of the shoots retaining buds through three successive alternate-bearing cycles after the year of treatment. Hedged/topped and topped trees had significantly less alternation in annual girth growth than control or hedged trees. These results demonstrated that two successive seasons of mechanical topping, started before the off year, produced changes in shoot growth, trunk growth, and bud retention that mitigated alternate bearing through three biennial cycles, without decreasing yield. Thus, severe annual hand-pruning could be used to prevent or minimize alternate bearing of pistachios.

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