Biomass Production, Tissue Nutrient Concentration, and N2-Fixing Potentials of Seven Tropical Leguminous Species

Research on sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) has been very limited. A field study was conducted to determine the yield potential, fruit quality traits, leaf nutrient composition, and scion/rootstock compatibility of ‘Prolific’ sapodilla grafted onto 16 sapodilla rootstock seedlings. For this purpose, seedlings (maternal half-sibs) of cultivars Adelaide, Arcilago, Aruz, Blackwood, Blocksberg, Guilbe, Hanna, Jamaica-1, Larsen, Mendigo-1, Gallera, Morning Star, Russel, Prolific, Timothe, and Vasallo-1 were used as rootstock seedlings and evaluated during 7 years of production at Isabela, PR. Year showed a significant effect on the number of fruit per hectare, yield, individual fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, and total soluble solids. Rootstock seedlings had a significant effect on the number of fruit per hectare, yield, and individual fruit weight but had no effect on other fruit traits. The year × rootstock interaction was not significant for any of the variables measured in the study. Rootstock seedlings ‘Timothe’, ‘Vasallo-1’, ‘Larsen’, and ‘Aruz’ had the highest 7-year mean for number and the yield of fruit averaging 4479 fruit/ha and 1245 kg·ha−1, respectively. ‘Timothe’ and ‘Vasallo-1’ significantly out yielded the ‘Prolific’ rootstock seedling. The number of fruit per hectare and corresponding yield obtained in this study were very low probably as the result of wind exposure, the presence of the fungus Pestalotia causing floral necrosis, or both. Scion/rootstock incompatibility was not the cause of the low yield performance of grafted trees. The average individual weight of fruit was 282 g and ranged from 264 to 303 g. Averaged over rootstock seedlings, leaf tissue nutrient concentration did not vary greatly over time. Moreover, tissue nutrient concentration was similar before and after fertilization events.

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Leaf-tissue Nutrient Dynamics in Mature Muscadine Cultivars Carlos and Noble in Georgia and North Carolina

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04765-20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Tekan S. Rana ◽

Erick D. Smith ◽

Cain Hickey ◽

Mark Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Nutrient Dynamics ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Vitis Rotundifolia ◽

Vine Growth ◽

Mn Concentration ◽

Tissue Nutrient Concentration

More than 3000 acres of commercial muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) vineyards exist in the southeastern United States. The muscadine wine industry is generating an economic impact of $1 billion in North Carolina alone. Muscadines have been cultivated since the 1800s, but muscadine vineyard fertilizer programs, tissue sampling, and nutrient sufficiency ranges continue to be based on anecdotal knowledge. While seasonal changes in tissue nutrient concentration are well documented in bunch grape (Vitis vinifera), questions remain about the seasonal and cultivar-dependent dynamics of muscadine leaf tissue nutrient concentrations. The aim of this study was to assess temporal and cultivar-related differences in tissue nutrient concentration of mature commercially grown muscadines. Leaf tissue nutrient concentration of the muscadine cultivars Carlos and Noble were assessed in three vineyards (Piedmont North Carolina, north Georgia, and south Georgia) at bloom, véraison, and postharvest in 2018 and 2019. Our results show that nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and manganese (Mn) were generally above the recommended sufficiency ranges, with calcium increasing over the season—and N, P, and potassium decreasing over the season. ‘Carlos’ had significantly higher levels of N and P, compared with ‘Noble’, while ‘Noble’ showed higher Mn concentration than ‘Carlos’. With this evaluation, we demonstrate the need for a modification in muscadine tissue nutrient sufficiency ranges that are based on cultivar and vine growth stage.

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The Effect of Cutting and Burning on Browse Production in Eastern Canadian Aspen Forests

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf9910041 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MG Weber

Keyword(s):

Odocoileus Virginianus ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Prescribed Burning ◽

Control Area ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Before And After ◽

Spring Leaf ◽

Leaf Flush

A 20-year-old aspen (Populur tremloides Michx.) ecosystem was subjected to two cutting and two burning treatments. Cutting and prescribed burning were carried out on separate areas . One cutting and one burning treatment was aplied both before and after spring leaf flush. An untreated control area was set aside for comparison. Three years after treatment summer and winter aspen browse production for moose (Alcesaices) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were greatest on the preflush cutting treatment (summer — 1544 kg.ha-1; winter — 395 kgha-1) followed in decreasing order by post-flush cut (summer — 635 kg.ha-1; winter — 125 kg.ha-1), postflush burn (summer — 330 kg.ha-1; winter — 96 kg.ha-1), and pre-flush burn (summer — 50 kg.ha-1; winter — no browsing). Aspen browse quality (nutrient concentration) was essentially unaffected by treatment. Post treatment biomass production of aspen is discussed in terms of known physiological and ecological responses to disturbance.

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Relatively rare root endophytic bacteria drive plant resource allocation patterns and tissue nutrient concentration in unpredictable ways

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.1002/ajb2.1373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 1423-1434

Author(s):

Jeremiah A. Henning ◽

David J. Weston ◽

Dale A. Pelletier ◽

Collin M. Timm ◽

Sara S. Jawdy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Plant Resource ◽

Allocation Patterns ◽

Tissue Nutrient Concentration

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Influence of applied nitrogen on growth and tissue nutrient concentration in the medicinal plant Ajowain (Trachyspermum ammi)

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea04146 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 425 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Ashraf ◽

A. Noman

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Negative Association ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Soil N ◽

N Level ◽

Trachyspermum Ammi ◽

K Concentration ◽

Tissue Nutrient Concentration

Growth performance and nutrient accumulation in Ajowain [Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague] under varying levels of nitrogen were examined in a field experiment. Sixty-three-day-old plants were supplied with varying levels of N, i.e. 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N/ha soil. Maximum biomass was recorded at 60 kg N/ha, whereas maximum seed yield was recorded at 60 and 90 kg N/ha. Shoot and root P and N increased with an increase in external N levels applied, reaching a maximum at 90 kg N/ha. However, tissue K concentration remained almost unchanged at varying soil N levels. Although accumulation of N and P in both shoots and roots of Ajowain increased consistently with an increase in soil N, this pattern of increase in the levels of 3 nutrients in plant tissues had a negative association with the growth of the crop, particularly at the higher N level (90 kg N/ha) where seed yield per plant was almost equal to that at 60 kg N/ha.

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Biomass production and nutrient concentration of kenaf grown on sewage sludge-amended soil

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2010082-1202 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 472 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

E. F. De Andres ◽

J. L. Tenorio ◽

I. Walter

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Amended Soil

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Serratia plymuthica MBSA-MJ1 Increases Shoot Growth and Tissue Nutrient Concentration in Containerized Ornamentals Grown Under Low-Nutrient Conditions

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.788198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan P. Nordstedt ◽

Michelle L. Jones

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Production ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Production Systems ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Serratia Plymuthica ◽

Essential Nutrients ◽

Tissue Nutrient Concentration

High fertilizer rates are often applied to horticulture crop production systems to produce high quality crops with minimal time in production. Much of the nutrients applied in fertilizers are not taken up by the plant and are leached out of the containers during regular irrigation. The application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can increase the availability and uptake of essential nutrients by plants, thereby reducing nutrient leaching and environmental contamination. Identification of PGPR can contribute to the formulation of biostimulant products for use in commercial greenhouse production. Here, we have identified Serratia plymuthica MBSA-MJ1 as a PGPR that can promote the growth of containerized horticulture crops grown with low fertilizer inputs. MBSA-MJ1 was applied weekly as a media drench to Petunia×hybrida (petunia), Impatiens walleriana (impatiens), and Viola×wittrockiana (pansy). Plant growth, quality, and tissue nutrient concentration were evaluated 8weeks after transplant. Application of MBSA-MJ1 increased the shoot biomass of all three species and increased the flower number of impatiens. Bacteria application also increased the concentration of certain essential nutrients in the shoots of different plant species. In vitro and genomic characterization identified multiple putative mechanisms that are likely contributing to the strain’s ability to increase the availability and uptake of these nutrients by plants. This work provides insight into the interconnectedness of beneficial PGPR mechanisms and how these bacteria can be utilized as potential biostimulants for sustainable crop production with reduced chemical fertilizer inputs.

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Are the interaction effects of warming and drought on nutritional status and biomass production in a tropical forage legume greater than their individual effects?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-664841/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dilier Olivera Viciedo ◽

Renato de Mello Prado ◽

Carlos Alberto Martinez ◽

Eduardo Habermann ◽

Marisa de Cássia Piccolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Climate Change Effects ◽

Change Factors ◽

Tropical Forage ◽

Managed Ecosystems

Abstract Climate change effects on natural and managed ecosystems are difficult to predict due to its multi-factor nature. However, most studies which investigate the impacts of climate change factors on plants, such as warming or drought, were conducted under one single stress and controlled environments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+ 2°C) (T) under different conditions of soil water availability (W) to understand the interactive effects of both factors on leaf, stem, and inflorescence macro and micronutrients concentration and biomass allocation of a tropical forage species, Stylosanthes capitata Vogel under field conditions. Temperature control was performed by a Temperature Free-Air Controlled Enhancement (T‐FACE) system. We observed that warming changed nutrient concentrations and plant growth depending on soil moisture levels, but the responses were specific for each plant-organ. In general, we observed that warming under well-watered conditions greatly improved nutrient concentration and biomass production, whilst the opposite effect was observed under non-irrigated and non-warmed conditions. However, under warmed and non-irrigated conditions, we observed that leaf biomass and leaf nutrient concentration greatly reduced when compared to non-warmed and irrigated plants. Our findings suggest that warming (2°C above ambient temperature) and drought, as well as both combined stresses, will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions between plant aerial organs of S. capitata in tropical ecosystems, which may impact animal feeding in the future.

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Effects of Topsoil Thickness On Winter Annual Weed Biomass Production and Nutrient Flux

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00033996 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 864-867

Author(s):

David E. Pettry ◽

Richard E. Switzer ◽

A. Wayne Cole

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Nutrient Flux ◽

High Fertility ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Biomass ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Winter Annual

The effects of topsoil thickness on winter annual weed growth and nutrient concentration were assessed for three consecutive years in soybean plots. The topsoil treatments had high fertility levels, uniform textures, and no herbicides were used in the study. Common chickweed composed 75% of the winter annual weed species. Weed biomass production decreased as topsoil thickness decreased from 22.5 cm to 0. Topsoil thickness of 22.5 cm produced 800 kg ha–1 more weed growth than 0 cm topsoil. The weed biomass grown in thicker topsoil had higher total amounts of N, K, Mg, and Ca.

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