Comparison of effects of simulated electric field interference and presence of a barrier in the nickel electroplating process to experimental data

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 303-313
Author(s):  
S. M. J. S. Shourije ◽  
M. E. Bahrololoom
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Nickel Electroplating ◽  
Electroplating Process

TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF PROTON CONDUCTIVITY IN HYDROGEN-BONDED MOLECULAR SYSTEMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 1239-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAO-FENG PANG ◽  
BO DENG ◽  
HUAI-WU ZHANG ◽  
YUAN-PING FENG
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Model System ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Damping Effect ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

The temperature-dependence of proton electric conductivity in hydrogen-bonded molecular systems with damping effect was studied. The time-dependent velocity of proton and its mobility are determined from the Hamiltonian of a model system. The calculated mobility of (3.57–3.76) × 10-6 m 2/ Vs for uniform ice is in agreement with the experimental value of (1 - 10) × 10-2 m 2/ Vs . When the temperature and damping effects of the medium are considered, the mobility is found to depend on the temperature for various electric field values in the system, i.e. the mobility increases initially and reaches a maximum at about 191 K, but decreases subsequently to a minimum at approximately 241 K, and increases again in the range of 150–270 K. This behavior agrees with experimental data of ice.

BALLISTIC ELECTRON ACCELERATION NEGATIVE-DIFFERENTIAL-CONDUCTIVITY DEVICES

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBAROS ASLAN ◽  
LESTER F. EASTMAN ◽  
WILLIAM J. SCHAFF ◽  
XIAODONG CHEN ◽  
MICHAEL G. SPENCER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electron Acceleration ◽  
Negative Differential Conductivity ◽  
Differential Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Ballistic Electron

We present the experimental development and characterization of GaN ballistic diodes for THz operation. Fabricated devices have been described and gathered experimental data is discussed. The major problem addressed is the domination of the parasitic resistances which significantly reduce the accelerating electric field across the ballistic region (intrinsic layer).

scholarly journals What Determines the Parameters of a Propagating Streamer: A Comparison of Outputs of the Streamer Parameter Model and of Hydrodynamic Simulations

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1664
Author(s):  
Nikolai G. Lehtinen ◽  
Robert Marskar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Propagation Velocity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Streamer Discharges

Electric streamer discharges (streamers) in the air are a very important stage of lightning, taking place before formation of the leader discharge, and with which an electric discharge starts from conducting objects which enhance the background electric field, such as airplanes. Despite years of research, it is still not well understood what mechanism determines the values of a streamer’s parameters, such as its radius and propagation velocity. The novel Streamer Parameter Model (SPM) was made to explain this mechanism, and to provide a way to efficiently calculate streamer parameters. Previously, we demonstrated that SPM results compared well with a limited set of experimental data. In this article, we compare SPM predictions to the published hydrodynamic simulation (HDS) results.

scholarly journals Моделирование плазмы короткодугового ксенонового разряда сверхвысокого давления

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Н.А. Тимофеев ◽  
В.С. Сухомлинов ◽  
G. Zissis ◽  
И.Ю. Мухараева ◽  
Д.В. Михайлов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Cathode Region ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Thoriated Tungsten ◽  
Ionization Balance

AbstractWe have studied a high- (ultrahigh-) pressure short-arc discharge in xenon with thoriated tungsten cathodes. A system of equations formulated based on earlier experimental data indicating possible emission of cathode material (thorium) into the discharge gap has made it possible to determine the electric field strength, plasma temperature, and concentration of thorium atoms as well as thorium and xenon ions in the plasma. The problem has been solved for a model discharge between planar electrodes. The results indicate the key role of thorium atoms in the cathode region. Thorium atoms determine the ionization balance and other electrokinetic properties of plasma. Emission of thorium atoms reduces the plasma temperature at the cathode, which turns out to be noticeably lower than the plasma temperature near the anode; this is a new result that agrees with experimental data. Other electrokinetic characteristics of the plasma (in particular, charged particle concentration and electric field strength) are also in good agreement with the experiment.

scholarly journals Anisotropic Diffusion and the Townsend?Huxley Experiment

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Lowke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electron Mobility ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Anisotropic Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Tubes ◽  
New Formula ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diffusion Tube

The relationship between current ratios and electron diffusion coefficients for the Townsend-Huxley experiment is reanalysed with the assumption that diffusion can be represented by two coefficients DT and DL for diffusion transverse and parallel respectively to the applied electric field. When the new formula is used to interpret previous experimental data obtained with a diffusion tube of length 2 cm, the derived values of DT/fl become independent of pressure (fl being the electron mobility). For longer diffusion tubes (~ 6 cm), current ratios are insensitive to DL and the results differ insignificantly from those obtained using the formula previously derived on the assumption that diffusion is isotropic.

High-Aspect-Ratio Electroplated Structures With 2μm Beamwidth

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Li ◽  
Siddharth Kiyawat ◽  
Hector J. De Los Santos ◽  
Chang-Jin “CJ” Kim
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Nickel Layer ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Nickel Electroplating ◽  
Electroplating Process ◽  
Micro Structures

Abstract Narrow beamwidth is highly desirable for many micromechanical elements moving parallel to the substrate. A good example is the electrostatically driven flexure structure, whose driving voltage is determined by the width of the beam. This paper presents the process flow and the result of a high-aspect-ratio electroplating process using photoresist (PR) molds. Following a systematic optimization method, PR molds with aspect ratios up to 4.0 were fabricated with a beamwidth of only 2.1μm. Higher aspect ratios, up to 6.8, were achieved using PR double coating technique, with a beamwidth of 2.6μm. Using a Cr/Cu seed layer, nickel electroplating was successfully carried out to translate the PR molds into nickel micro-structures. We observed bend-down of the fully released nickel cantilevers that are over 8μm thick. Further investigation suggested a combined effect of residual stress gradient in the electroplated nickel layer and in-use stiction of the cantilever beams.

ROTATION OF THE AXISIMMETRIC DIELECTRIC BODIES (DEB) IN ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS (ERS)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (23n24) ◽  
pp. 2903-2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZINOVIY P. SHULMAN ◽  
VALERIY NOSOV
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Electrophysical Properties ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Dielectric Bodies ◽  
Electrorheological Suspensions

Consideration is given to rotation of nonconducting bodies in electrorheological suspensions. Experimental data are presented describing the effect of an electric field on the rotation speed as well as on rheological and electrophysical properties of ERS. The dependence of speed on temperature and the rotor geometry is considered in some detail. Two examples of engineering applications are presented.

Nanocomposite Layers Obtained by Electro-Co-Deposition: Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Benea
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hybrid Coatings ◽  
Nanostructured Surfaces ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Nickel Electroplating ◽  
Dispersed Phases ◽  
Electroplating Process ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Biocompatible Coatings

High dispersed nano and micro particles as ceramics (SiC, TiC, WC, Al2O3), polymers (UHMWPE) or bioceramics (TiO2, CeO2, ZrO2) have been deposited by electrochemical method with nichel or cobalt on metallic substrate to obtain novel structured composites, cermet or hybrid coatings with specific properties to be used in industrial or biomedical applications. The industrial applications for metal matrix based nanocomposites are increasing and open a way to biocompatible coatings. electrodeposition is considered to be one of the most important techniques for producing nanocomposites and nanostructured surfaces. Electrodeposition is exceptionally versatile, so that new and exciting applications are still being invented. The paper presents some results regarding the electro-co-deposition of dispersed phases as ZrO2, CeO2, SiC, WC, TiC or polymeric dispersed phases as UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene) during cobalt or nickel electroplating process in view of obtaining new advanced functional surfaces with improved properties to corrosion or tribocorrosion systems.

An improved value for the electron affinity of the negative hydrogen ion

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard R. Scherk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Negative Hydrogen Ion

An expression is derived for the lifetime of a negative ion in a weak and static electric field. Using this expression, existing experimental data are analyzed to improve the empirical value of the electron affinity of the negative hydrogen ion by an order of magnitude.

On a Mechanizm of an Electric Field Influence on Physicotecnical Specifications of Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Rodzevich ◽  
E.G. Gazenaur ◽  
V.I. Krasheninin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Optical Purity ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Field Influence

The paper addresses experimental data that describe a constant noncontact electric field influence on physicotechnical specifications of materials, grown in an electric field, and conditioned in it. Experiments have shown that it is possible to control physical and technical specifications of materials changing intensity of a noncontact electric field during crystallization. It is observed that an electric field influences size, optical purity and conductivity of crystals grown in a field. Crystallization of inorganic salts in an electric field allows obtaining chemically pure crystals with minimum defects. A mechanism of an electric field influence on inorganic salts crystallization is provided.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document