Physical Aspects of Fruit Growth: Cuticular Fracture and Fracture Patterns in Relation to Fruit Structure inVitis Vinifera

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Considine
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Fruit Structure

The synephrine content of Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa HAYATA) fruit: Analytical method and change during fruit growth

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Miyagi ◽  
T Fujise ◽  
N Koga ◽  
K Wada ◽  
M Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Citrus Depressa

Acute Traumatic Cervical Facet Fractures

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Shankar Gopinat
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Early Surgery ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Spinal Stability ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Spine Ct ◽  
Cervical Facet

Acute cervical facet fractures are increasingly being detected due to the use of cervical spine CT imaging in the initial assessment of trauma patients. For displaced cervical facet fractures with dislocations and subluxations, early surgery can decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the spine. For patients with non-displaced cervical facet fractures, the challenge in managing these patients is the determination of spinal stability. Although many of the patients with non-displaced cervical facet fractures can be managed with a cervical collar, the imaging needs to be analyzed carefully since certain fracture patterns may be better managed with early surgical stabilization.

Interaction Between CPPU and NAA on Fruit Thinning and Fruit Development in Selected Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 513c-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Bukovac ◽  
Jerome Hull ◽  
John C. Neilsen ◽  
Michael Schroeder ◽  
Georg Noga
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Carpel Development ◽  
Return Bloom

NAA is used extensively for fruit thinning of apples to increase fruit size and to promote return bloom. In some cultivars, even if thinning is achieved, fruit size at harvest may be less than expected based on crop load. CPPU, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N.-phenylurea, has been shown to increase fruit growth in apples, grapes, and kiwi. We evaluated combinations of NAA and CPPU on thinning, fruit growth and return bloom in Redchief `Delicious', `Elstar', and `Gloster'. CPPU was applied at 5 mgμL–1 (based on 0 to 10 mgμL–1 response curve) in combination with 15 mgμL–1 NAA as high-volume sprays at 7 to 10 mm KFD. Yield and fruit size distribution (on total yield) were used as index of response. In `Delicious', CPPU (3-year study) increased % large (70 mm+) fruit, but in the presence of NAA % large fruit was reduced 2 of the 3 years. CPPU did not induce significant thinning. There were no significant effects on color or soluble solids; firmness was increased slightly and seed number reduced. The L/D ratio was increased and uneven lobe and carpel development was common. CPPU had no significant effect on return bloom in presence or absence of NAA, but NAA increased bloom in both the presence and absence of CPPU. With `Elstar' (2-year study) there was no significant thinning with either chemical, but CPPU increased mean fruit size and % large (70–80 mm) fruit over nonthinned, but not significantly greater than NAA alone. There were no significant differences in firmness, color, soluble solids or seed number. NAA + CPPU did not inhibit fruit growth or cause excessive uneven carpel development. Frost damage reduced crop load in `Gloster' where results were similar to `Elstar' except seed number was reduced by the NAA + CPPU combination.

scholarly journals Impact Fracture and Fragmentation of Glass via the 3D Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2484
Author(s):  
Zhou Lei ◽  
Esteban Rougier ◽  
Earl E. Knight ◽  
Mengyan Zang ◽  
Antonio Munjiza
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Element Method ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Impact Fracture ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Fracture Processes ◽  
Element Method

A driving technical concern for the automobile industry is their assurance that developed windshield products meet Federal safety standards. Besides conducting innumerable glass breakage experiments, product developers also have the option of utilizing numerical approaches that can provide further insight into glass impact breakage, fracture, and fragmentation. The combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) is one such tool and was used in this study to investigate 3D impact glass fracture processes. To enable this analysis, a generalized traction-separation model, which defines the constitutive relationship between the traction and separation in FDEM cohesive zone models, was introduced. The mechanical responses of a laminated glass and a glass plate under impact were then analyzed. For laminated glass, an impact fracture process was investigated and results were compared against corresponding experiments. Correspondingly, two glass plate impact fracture patterns, i.e., concentric fractures and radial fractures, were simulated. The results show that for both cases, FDEM simulated fracture processes and fracture patterns are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The work demonstrates that FDEM is an effective tool for modeling of fracture and fragmentation in glass.

scholarly journals Is There Daily Growth Hysteresis versus Vapor Pressure Deficit in Cherry Fruit?

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Matteo Zucchini ◽  
Arash Khosravi ◽  
Veronica Giorgi ◽  
Adriano Mancini ◽  
Davide Neri
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Rainy Days ◽  
Clockwise Hysteresis

The growth of cherry fruit is generally described using a double sigmoid model, divided into four growth stages. Abiotic factors are considered to be significant components in modifying fruit growth, and among these, the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is deemed the most effective. In this study, we investigated sweet cherry fruit growth through the continuous, hourly monitoring of fruit transversal diameter over two consecutive years (2019 and 2020), from the beginning of the third stage to maturation (forth stage). Extensometers were used in the field and VPD was calculated from weather data. The fruit growth pattern up to the end of the third stage demonstrated three critical steps during non-rainy days: shrinkage, stabilization and expansion. In the third stage of fruit growth, a partial clockwise hysteresis curve of circadian growth, as a response to VPD, appeared on random days. The pattern of fruit growth during rainy days was not distinctive, but the amount and duration of rain caused a consequent decrease in the VPD and indirectly boosted fruit growth. At the beginning of the fourth stage, the circadian growth changed and the daily transversal diameter vs VPD formed fully clockwise hysteresis curves for most of this stage. Our findings indicate that hysteresis can be employed to evaluate the initial phenological phase of fruit maturation, as a fully clockwise hysteresis curve was observable only in the fourth stage of fruit growth. There are additional opportunities for its use in the management of fruit production, such as in precision fruit farming.

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