Late autumn occurrence of non-diapause male adults in various geographic populations of a pierid butterfly, Eurema mandarina

The sex chromosomes of most anuran amphibians are characterized by homomorphy in both sexes, and evolution to heteromorphy rarely occurs at the species or geographic population level. Here, we report sex chromosome heteromorphy in geographic populations of the Japanese Tago’s brown frog complex (2n = 26), comprising Rana sakuraii and R. tagoi. The sex chromosomes of R. sakuraii from the populations in western Japan were homomorphic in both sexes, whereas chromosome 7 from the populations in eastern Japan were heteromorphic in males. Chromosome 7 of R. tagoi, which is distributed close to R. sakuraii in eastern Japan, was highly similar in morphology to the Y chromosome of R. sakuraii. Based on this and on mitochondrial gene sequence analysis, we hypothesize that in the R. sakuraii populations from eastern Japan the XY heteromorphic sex chromosome system was established by the introduction of chromosome 7 from R. tagoi via interspecies hybridization. In contrast, chromosome 13 of R. tagoi from the 2 large islands in western Japan, Shikoku and Kyushu, showed a heteromorphic pattern of constitutive heterochromatin distribution in males, while this pattern was homomorphic in females. Our study reveals that sex chromosome heteromorphy evolved independently at the geographic lineage level in this species complex.

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Response of Total Suspended Sediment and Chlorophyll-a Concentration to Late Autumn Typhoon Events in the Northwestern South China Sea

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13152863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2863

Author(s):

Junyi Li ◽

Huiyuan Zheng ◽

Lingling Xie ◽

Quanan Zheng ◽

Zheng Ling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

Continental Shelf ◽

Suspended Sediment ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

South China ◽

Total Suspended Sediment ◽

Offshore Area ◽

Chl A ◽

Late Autumn ◽

China Sea

Strong typhoon winds enhance turbulent mixing, which induces sediment to resuspend and to promote chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) blooms in the continental shelf areas. In this study, we find limited Chl-a responses to three late autumn typhoons (typhoon Nesat, Mujigae and Khanun) in the northwestern South China Sea (NWSCS) using satellite observations. In climatology, the Chl-a and total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations are high all year round with higher value in autumn in the offshore area of the NWSCS. After the typhoon passage, the Chl-a concentration increases slightly (23%), while even TSS enhances by 280% on the wide continental shelf of the NWSCS. However, in the southern area, located approximately 100 km from the typhoon tracks, both TSS and Chl-a concentrations increase 160% and 150% after typhoon passage, respectively. In the deeper area, the increased TSS concentration is responsible for the considerable increase of the Chl-a. An empirical analysis is applied to the data, which reveals the TSS and Chl-a processes during typhoon events. The results of this study suggest a different mechanism for Chl-a concentration increase and thus contribute toward further evaluation of typhoon-induced biological responses.

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Plankton community of the lower course of the Kama River in the late autumn period

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/818/1/012006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 818 (1) ◽

pp. 012006

Author(s):

S V Bykova ◽

M V Umanskaya ◽

N G Tarasova ◽

E S Krasnova ◽

O V Mukhortova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plankton Community ◽

Autumn Period ◽

Late Autumn

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Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Lateolabrax maculatus from Chinese coastal waters using polymorphic microsatellite markers

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93000-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Wang ◽

Chunyan Ma ◽

Longling Ouyang ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Ming Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Structure Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Genetic Constitution ◽

Southern Group ◽

Population Structure Analysis ◽

Lateolabrax Maculatus ◽

Geographic Populations ◽

Geographic Separation

AbstractIn order to provide valuable guidelines for the conservation of germplasm of Lateolabrax maculatus, the genetic diversity and population structure analysis were evaluated for eight geographic populations along coastal regions of China, using 11 microsatellite DNA markers. The genetic parameters obtained showed that, eight populations can be clustered into two groups, the Northern group and the Southern group, concordant with their geographical positions. The UPGMA tree constructed according to the Nei’s genetic distance along with the structure analysis and discriminant analysis of principal component also supported this result. This might be explained by the geographic separation and the divergent environmental conditions among the populations. It's worth noting that, QD (Qingdao) population from northern area was assigned to the Southern group and showed a close genetic relationship and similar genetic constitution with the southern populations. We speculated that large scales of anthropogenic transportation of wild fries from QD populations to the southern aquaculture areas in history should be the primary cause. The populations from GY (Ganyu), RD (Rudong) and BH (Binhai) had higher genetic diversity and showed limited genetic exchange with other populations, indicating better conservation of the natural resources in these regions. All populations were indicated to have experienced bottleneck events in history.

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Unraveling the fine-tuned lemon coloration of a pierid butterfly Catopsilia pomona

Microscopy ◽

10.1093/jmicro/dfx037 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 414-423

Author(s):

Monalisa Mishra ◽

Ashutosh Choudhury ◽

P Sagar Achary ◽

Harekrushna Sahoo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Variable Temperature ◽

Wing Pattern ◽

Physical Composition ◽

Different Types ◽

Microscopy Techniques ◽

Pierid Butterfly ◽

Best Fit ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Butterflies wings possess different types of scales to perform diverse functions. Each scale has many nano and microstructures, which interferes with light, resulting in unique coloration for each butterfly. Besides coloration, the arrangement of scales further helps in giving better survivability. Thus, analysis of wing pattern provides an overall idea about adaptation and activity of the animal. The current study deciphers the structure and composition of a wing of a pierid butterfly Catopsilia pomona, which remains active at 42°C at which temperature all other butterflies face a tougher task for existence. In order to know the relation between survivability and adaptation in the wing, we have investigated the structural and physical composition of the wing of C. pomona under optical spectroscopy (absorption, reflectance and transmittance) along with microscopy techniques (optical and scanning electron microscopy), which are not described in earlier studies. The current findings reveal unique structural arrangement within scales to provide the best fit to the animal in variable temperature.

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A SERVICEABLE INSECTARY

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent3173-4 ◽

1899 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 73-76

Author(s):

F. M. Webster

Keyword(s):

Natural Condition ◽

Inactive State ◽

Late Autumn ◽

Amount Of Information ◽

Vast Amount ◽

Close Range ◽

Eggs And Larvae

With the constantly increasing activity in applied entomology in America, the necessity for rooms or apartments especially adapted for the study of the development of insects is becoming each year more imperative. The insectary has, in fact, become almost as necessary to the working entomologist as has the laboratory to the chemist. While it is especially true in entomological investigations that one must “study nature where nature is,” it is equally true that on cannot, in all cases, watch with the necessary care and constant application in the fields that he will be able to do in a faily well equipped insectary. Not only can forms be transported thousands of miles while in an inactive state and their development watched at close range, as it were, but eggs and larvae may be brought in during late autumn or winter and studied through their various stages, frequently long before they have appeared outside; and in cases of uncommon or unfamiliar forms this will give the investigator a vast amount of information that he can use to great advantage when the species appears in the fields under a natural condition, perhaps months later.

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The Predator-Prey Interaction of the Mite Balaustium Sp. and the Pierid Butterfly Colias alexandra

Ecology ◽

10.2307/1941332 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 300-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jane Leslie Hayes

Keyword(s):

Predator Prey ◽

Prey Interaction ◽

Pierid Butterfly

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Aetiology and epidemiology of viral croup in Glasgow, 1966–72

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400023937 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 143-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K. A. Buchan ◽

Karen W. Marten ◽

D. H. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Influenza A ◽

Seasonal Distribution ◽

Late Autumn ◽

Small Peak ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Autumn And Winter ◽

Viral Croup

SUMMARYA retrospective study of 258 children admitted to Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow, with croup between 1966 and 1972 indicated that the viruses most frequently associated with the syndrome were parainfluenza types 1 and 3 and influenza A. Most cases were admitted in the late autumn and winter months, with a small peak in May and June. This seasonal distribution mirrored the circulation of the main causative agents in the community, parainfluenza 1 being principally associated with the autumn cases, influenza A the winter cases and parainfluenza 3 the summer cases. Two of these ‘croup associated’ viruses showed regular periodicity, parainfluenza 1 occurring biennially in even years and influenza A in most years. The periodicity of parainfluenza 3 is as yet undetermined.

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