Introduction:
Bystander cardiopulmonary (CPR) improves survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, women are less likely than men to receive CPR in public locations. Female-specific issues such as fear of touching breasts have been identified as barriers to performing CPR on women. The purpose of this study was to quantify and evaluate online CPR instructional films featuring a female victim.
Methods:
Using the search query “how to do CPR” via Google and YouTube, 374 and 500 films (38 and 25 result pages), respectively, were reviewed in May 2019. Exclusion criteria included: non-English, non-instructional, pediatric or animal victim, duplicates, parity, or in-hospital cardiac arrest. We identified 11 films featuring a female victim. These films were scored on 6 key aspects of CPR education: scene safety, check responsiveness, activate Emergency Medical Services, proper hand position, accurate rate, and appropriate depth of compressions.
Results:
Of the 874 reviewed films, 11 featured a female victim. Just 5 films were high-quality (correctly addressing 5 or 6 key aspects of CPR training, Figure 1). Furthermore, 2 of the 5 high-quality instructional films taught rescue breathing, which is no longer a recommended component of bystander CPR in the U.S. The remaining 3 films were all created outside the U.S. (Australia, New Zealand, England). None of the films explicitly addressed barriers to performing CPR on a female, including fear of touching breasts or concerns about causing harm.
Conclusion:
Out of the billions of films available online, we identified only 3 high-quality instructional films teaching modern, hands-only CPR featuring a female victim, none of which addressed specific female-related CPR issues. This gender disparity can be addressed with high-quality CPR training films that feature a female victim and explicitly address previously-identified barriers to performing CPR on a female.
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