Estimating catchment area population indicators using network analysis: an application to two small-scale forests in County Galway

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cullinan ◽  
Stephen Hynes ◽  
Cathal O'Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Small Scale

scholarly journals “Splendid Isolation”: The reproduction of music industry inequalities in Spotify’s recommendation system

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110221
Author(s):  
Tamas Tofalvy ◽  
Júlia Koltai
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
Splendid Isolation

In this article, we argue that offline inequalities, such as core–periphery relations of the music industry, are reproduced by streaming platforms. First, we offer an overview of the reproduction of inequalities and core–periphery dynamics in the music industry. Then we illustrate this through a small-scale network analysis case study of Hungarian metal bands’ connections on Spotify. We show that the primary determinant of a given band’s international connectedness in Spotify’s algorithmic ecosystem is their international label connections. Bands on international labels have more reciprocal international connections and are more likely to be recommended based on actual genre similarity. However, bands signed with local labels or self-published tend to have domestic connections and to be paired with other artists by Spotify’s recommendation system according to their country of origin.

scholarly journals Toward Sustainable and Inclusive Regulatory Policies to Meet Public Demands

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8137
Author(s):  
HaeOk Choi ◽  
KwangHo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Management System ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Land Management System ◽  
Area Management

This study presents methods for finding and utilizing demand-oriented data to meet public demands for creating sustainable and inclusive regulation policies. It attempted to analyze these methods scientifically, by collecting information on public demands. The results confirmed that there is a demand for policy that utilizes consensus in the regulation standards of newly emerging services. They also indicated that the legal system should be in alignment with the priorities associated with the setting of standards for regulation-related policies. Additionally, a group network analysis revealed that standards were linked to area management, confirming that area management should also be considered when resolving regulatory issues related to new industries and services. Finally, the results suggested that a land management system for regulatory policy is needed to allow for the autonomous formulation of regulatory policies through the small-scale management of land. The present study can be used to better comprehend civil complaint data and as a reliable reference in the policymaking process, ensuring more sustainable and adaptive regulations.

scholarly journals Improving Prediction Accuracy of Socio-Human Relationships in a Small-Scale Desalination Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6949
Author(s):  
Latifah Abdul Ghani ◽  
Ilyanni Syazira Nazaran ◽  
Nora’aini Ali ◽  
Marlia Mohd Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
The Social

This study examines who are the social actors in coordinating the environmental hot spots along the process of desalination. The integrated model design of life cycle modeling and Social Network Analysis is evaluated holistically by the inventory of life cycle and actor engagement ratings. Instances of the first small-scale reverse osmosis desalination plant project in Kelantan, Malaysia were used to meet the demands of this study. Environmental performance is measured through the Eco-Indicator 99 method in the Life Cycle Assessment Principles. Meanwhile, the network analysis of the actors’ networks involves stakeholders visualized through the UCINET software. The results show three hotspot points of membrane and brine disposal, the use of electrical energy, and the use of chemicals. The results acknowledged that 87 percent of the actors’ involvement from the dominant stakeholder group has been in control of the management and of the aforementioned hotspot. Undoubtedly, the results of this study can provide a better understanding of the potential market of actors to work with a more accurate and polycentric information flow for the development of more established desalination systems. This intriguing research will require further exploration in future studies.

scholarly journals Urban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Jacklin ◽  
I. C. Brink ◽  
S. M. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Juncus Effusus

Abstract The present study evaluated engineered media for plant biofilter optimisation in an unvegetated column experiment to assess the performance of loamy sand, perlite, vermiculite, zeolite and attapulgite media under stormwater conditions enriched with varying nutrients and metals reflecting urban pollutant loads. Sixty columns, 30 unvegetated and 30 Juncus effusus vegetated, were used to test: pollutant removal, infiltration rate, particulate discharge, effluent clarity and plant functional response, over six sampling rounds. All engineered media outperformed conventional loamy sand across criteria, with engineered attapulgite consistently among the best performers. No reportable difference existed in vegetation exposed to different material combinations. For all media, the results show a net removal of NH3-N, PO43−-P, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn and an increase of NO3−-N, emphasizing the importance of vegetation in biofilters. Growth media supporting increased rate of infiltration whilst maintaining effective remediation performance offers the potential for reducing the area required by biofilters, currently recommended at 2% of its catchment area, encouraging the use of small-scale green infrastructure in the urban area. Further research is required to assess the carrying capacity of engineered media in laboratory and field settings, particularly during seasonal change, gauging the substrate's potential moisture availability for root uptake.

scholarly journals The internal mechanisms of entrepreneurs’ social capital: A multi-network analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 234094442090104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Hernández-Carrión ◽  
Carmen Camarero-Izquierdo ◽  
Jesús Gutiérrez-Cillán
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Exchange Mechanism ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Professional Relationship ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
Relational Quality ◽  
Relationship Networks

The present work addresses how and to what extent the personal and professional relationship networks of small-scale local entrepreneurs help improve their scarce resource endowments. Adopting a mechanistic and functioning oriented view of social capital, the paper suggests the existence of two different mechanisms which may explain the enrichment and entrepreneurial exploitation processes of social capital’s resources: (1) the resource mechanism, based on a network’s size and diversity, providing quantity and variety of social capital resources, and (2) the exchange mechanism, based on a network’s cohesion and relational quality, favouring the interchangeability of these resources among network members. The empirical study individually explores both the personal and professional networks of 958 Spanish entrepreneurs. Findings reveal how the two mechanisms are necessary and mutually complementary, although the resource mechanism proves more advantageous when exploiting personal networks, whereas the exchange mechanism prevails in the case of professional networks. JEL CLASSIFICATION L14; L26; M13; M14

The Strength of Weak Ties

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Granovetter
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Interaction ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Interpersonal Ties

A fundamental weakness of current sociological theory is that it does not relate micro level interactions to macro level patterns in any convincing way. Large-scale statistical, as well as qualitative, studies offer a good deal of insight into such macro phenomena as social mobility, community organization, and political structure. At the micro level, a large and increasing body of data and theory offers useful and illuminating ideas about what transpires within the confines of the small group. But how interaction in small groups aggregates to form large-scale patterns eludes us in most cases. I will argue in this paper that the analysis of processes in interpersonal networks provides the most fruitful micro-macro bridge. In one way or another, it is through these networks that small-scale interaction becomes translated into large-scale patterns and that these, in turn, feed back into small groups. Sociometry, the precursor of network analysis, has always been curiously peripheral—invisible, really—in sociological theory. This is partly because it has usually been studied and applied only as a branch of social psychology; it is also because of the inherent complexities of precise network analysis. We have had neither the theory nor the measurement and sampling techniques to move sociometry from the usual small-group level to that of larger structures. While a number of stimulating and suggestive studies have recently moved in this direction (Bott 1957; Mayer 1961; Milgram 1967; Boissevain 1968; Mitchell 1969), they do not treat structural issues in much theoretical detail. Studies which do so usually involve a level of technical complexity appropriate to such forbidding sources as the Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, where the original motivation for the study of networks was that of developing a theory of neural, rather than social, interaction (see the useful review of this literature by Coleman 1960; also Rapoport 1963). The strategy of the present paper is to choose a rather limited aspect of small-scale interaction—the strength of interpersonal ties—and to show, in some detail, how the use of network analysis can relate this aspect to such varied macro phenomena as diffusion, social mobility, political organization, and social cohesion in general.

scholarly journals Quantifying spatial accessibility of general practitioners by applying a modified huff three-step floating catchment area (MH3SFCA) method

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Subal ◽  
Piret Paal ◽  
Jukka M. Krisp
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
System Utilization ◽  
Deutschland Gmbh

Abstract Background It is necessary to ensure sufficient healthcare. The use of current, precise and realistic methods to model spatial accessibility to healthcare and thus improved decision-making is helping this process. Generally, these methods—which include the family of floating catchment area (FCA) methods—incorporate a number of criteria that address topics like access, efficiency, budget, equity and the overall system utilization. How can we measure spatial accessibility? This paper investigates a sophisticated approach for quantifying the spatial accessibility of general practitioners. (GPs). Our objective is the investigation and application of a spatial accessibility index by an improved Huff three-step floating catchment area (MH3SFCA) method. Methods We modify and implement the huff model three-step floating catchment area (MH3SFCA) method and exemplary calculation of the spatial accessibility indices for the test study area. The method is extended to incorporate a more realistic way to model the distance decay effect. To that end, instead of a binary approach, a continuous approach is employed. Therefore, each distance between a healthcare site and the population is incorporated individually. The study area includes Swabia and the city of Augsburg, Germany. The data for analysis is obtained from following data sources: (1) Acxiom Deutschland GmbH (2020) provided a test dataset for the locations of general practitioners (GPs); (2) OpenStreetMap (OSM) data is utilized for road networks; and (3) the Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder (German official census 2011) provided a population distribution dataset stemming from the 2011 Census. Results The spatial accessibility indices are distributed in an inhomogeneous as well as polycentric pattern for the general practitioners (GPs). Differences in spatial accessibility are found mainly between urban and rural areas. The transitions from lower to higher values of accessibility or vice versa in general are smooth rather than abrupt. The results indicate that the MH3SFCA method is suited for comparing the spatial accessibility of GPs in different regions. The results of the MH3SFCA method can be used to indicate over- and undersupplied areas. However, the absolute values of the indices do not inherently define accessibility to be too low or too high. Instead, the indices compare the spatial relationships between each supply and demand location. As a result, the higher the value of the accessibility indices, the higher the opportunities for the respective population locations. The result for the study area are exemplary as the test input data has a high uncertainty. Depending on the objective, it might be necessary to further analyze the results of the method. Conclusions The application of the MH3SFCA method on small-scale data can provide an overview of accessibility for the whole study area. As many factors have to be taken into account, the outcomes are too complex for a direct and clear interpretation of why indices are low or high. The MH3SFCA method can be used to detect differences in accessibility on a small scale. In order to effectively detect over- or undersupply, further analysis must be conducted and/or different (legal) constraints must be applied. The methodology requires input data of high quality.

scholarly journals Changes in EEG Brain Connectivity Caused by Short-Term BCI Neurofeedback-Rehabilitation Training: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youhao Wang ◽  
Jingjing Luo ◽  
Yuzhu Guo ◽  
Qiang Du ◽  
Qiying Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
Network Parameters ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Line Slope ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

BackgroundIn combined with neurofeedback, Motor Imagery (MI) based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) has been an effective long-term treatment therapy for motor dysfunction caused by neurological injury in the brain (e.g., post-stroke hemiplegia). However, individual neurological differences have led to variability in the single sessions of rehabilitation training. Research on the impact of short training sessions on brain functioning patterns can help evaluate and standardize the short duration of rehabilitation training. In this paper, we use the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to explore the brain patterns’ changes after a short-term rehabilitation training.Materials and MethodsUsing an EEG-BCI system, we analyzed the changes in short-term (about 1-h) MI training data with and without visual feedback, respectively. We first examined the EEG signal’s Mu band power’s attenuation caused by Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD). Then we use the EEG’s Event-Related Potentials (ERP) features to construct brain networks and evaluate the training from multiple perspectives: small-scale based on single nodes, medium-scale based on hemispheres, and large-scale based on all-brain.ResultsResults showed no significant difference in the ERD power attenuation estimation in both groups. But the neurofeedback group’s ERP brain network parameters had substantial changes and trend properties compared to the group without feedback. The neurofeedback group’s Mu band power’s attenuation increased but not significantly (fitting line slope = 0.2, t-test value p > 0.05) after the short-term MI training, while the non-feedback group occurred an insignificant decrease (fitting line slope = −0.4, t-test value p > 0.05). In the ERP-based brain network analysis, the neurofeedback group’s network parameters were attenuated in all scales significantly (t-test value: p < 0.01); while the non-feedback group’s most network parameters didn’t change significantly (t-test value: p > 0.05).ConclusionThe MI-BCI training’s short-term effects does not show up in the ERD analysis significantly but can be detected by ERP-based network analysis significantly. Results inspire the efficient evaluation of short-term rehabilitation training and provide a useful reference for subsequent studies.

scholarly journals The dynamics of grooming interactions: maintenance of partner choice and the consequences of demographic variation for female mandrills

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6332 ◽  
Author(s):  
André S. Pereira ◽  
Inês D. Rebelo ◽  
Catarina Casanova ◽  
Phyllis C. Lee ◽  
Vasilis Louca
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Biological Markets ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
Stable Conditions

A large body of evidence suggests that female Old World monkeys maintain selective long-term grooming interactions with fitness benefits. The last two decades have produced evidence that the regulation of social interactions among primates can be, in part, explained by the Biological Markets theory, with grooming behaviour as the focus of these studies. Grooming facilitates bonding between individuals, constituting an essential part of the regulation of social relationships among female cercopithecids. In contrast to the well-studied baboons (Papio spp), knowledge about the nature of grooming interactions and their regulation is generally lacking for the large, terrestrial species of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). We used a combination of social network analysis tools and well-established methods for assessing partner diversity and reciprocity to characterise grooming networks, partner choice and patterns of trade (be groomed, give grooming) among females in a captive group of mandrills, both within and across two separate observation periods. Our results suggest that, even though the relatively stable conditions of captivity allowed the studied females to maintain selective grooming interactions across time, small scale demographic changes affected the grooming dynamics of the group in accordance with the expectations of the Biological Markets theory. In particular, the maturation and consequent integration of a high ranking female into the group’s grooming network from one period to the next resulted in a more pronounced effect of rank on the regulation of grooming interactions. In addition, the influence of the maturation of a dependent infant on the grooming interactions of his mother were evident between periods. Our results also demonstrate that grooming networks are dynamic and that high ranking individuals are not necessarily the most central in grooming networks. Finally, we discuss the potential of social network analysis to identify cases of social exclusion and its consequences for captive management.

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