Preliminary investigation of a multimodal enhanced brain function index among high school and collegiate concussed male and female athletes

For more than two decades, the behavioral categories of the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) and the Coaching Behavior Assessment System (CBAS) have been used by a wide range of researchers to measure coaching behaviors, yet little is known about how the behavioral categories in the two models relate statistically to one another. Male and female athletes on 63 high school teams (N = 645) completed the LSS and the athlete-perception version of the CBAS (CBAS-PBS) following the sport season, and they evaluated their coaches. Several of Chelladurai’s (1993) hypotheses regarding relations among behavioral categories of the two models were strongly supported. However, many significant and overlapping correlations between LSS subscales and CBAS-PBS behavioral categories cast doubt upon the specificity of relations between the two instruments. The LSS and the CBAS-PBS accounted for similar and notable amounts of variance in athletes’ liking for their coach and evaluations of their knowledge and teaching ability.

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Use of the Personal Orientation Inventory with Disabled Athletes

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1988.67.1.263 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 263-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claudine Sherrill ◽

Tamara Gilstrap ◽

Kenneth Richir ◽

Barbara Gench ◽

Marilyn Hinson

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Male And Female ◽

Personal Orientation Inventory ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Hand Eye Coordination ◽

Personal Orientation ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Athletes who are blind or have impairments in hand-eye coordination that prevent writing are unable to complete psychological inventories in the standardized manner, i.e., read silently and answered independently and anonymously. Two studies were conducted on the oral administration of the Personal Orientation Inventory as a measure of self-actualization of disabled athletes. Reliabilities were examined across modalities (oral vs written) by administering the inventory both ways to 25 high school and college athletes, M age = 21.6 yr. Test-retest reliability for oral administration was affirmed in a study of 15 blind elite male athletes and 15 cerebral palsied elite male and female athletes. It was concluded that the inventory, administered orally, may be appropriately used with disabled athletes.

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Gender differences in concussion-related knowledge, attitudes and reporting-behaviours among high school student-athletes

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2018-0031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lindsay Sullivan ◽

Michal Molcho

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Female Athletes ◽

High School Athletes ◽

Male And Female ◽

Concussion Management ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Education And Awareness ◽

Short And Long Term

Abstract Background/aim Sport-related concussion is associated with various short- and long-term health consequences, especially among adolescent athletes. Yet, many concussions go unreported and/or unrecognised. The purpose of this study was to assess high school athletes’ concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, intentions and reporting behaviours, and to explore whether gender differences are evident. Methods A total of 435 high school athletes (52.2% female; mean age, 14.55 ± 1.67 years) participated in the survey. Questions assessed athletes’ knowledge, attitudes, reporting intention and reporting behaviours, in respect to sports-related concussion. Comparisons between male and female athletes were explored using Mann-Whitney tests and chi-squared (χ2) tests as appropriate. Results We found that 60% of the participants stated that they have played in practice or during a game (this season) with concussion symptoms. Males expressed more negative outcomes of concussion reporting and lower concussion reporting intention, compared to females. We found no significant gender differences in concussion-reporting behaviours. Conclusion Our findings suggest that knowledge, favourable attitudes towards reporting and reporting intention alone are not enough to create an environment that encourages the disclosure of concussion symptoms. Health promotion communication campaigns, coupled with concussion education and awareness programmes, should be utilised to further highlight the importance of timely concussion management, and to create a culture in which the reporting of concussion is considered normative.

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Attitudes of Male and Female Athletes Toward Male and Female Coaches

Journal of Sport Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsp.6.4.448 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 448-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Robert Weinberg ◽

Margie Reveles ◽

Allen Jackson

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Junior High School ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Sex Role ◽

Background Information ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Male And Female ◽

Sex Role Socialization ◽

Males And Females ◽

Female Coaches

This investigation was done to gather some exploratory data concerning the attitudes and feelings of male and female college, high school, and junior high school varsity basketball players toward having a female coach versus a male coach. Subjects (N = 85) indicated their attitudes for playing for a hypothetical male or female coach (randomly assigned to condition) in a 2 x 2 (sex of athlete x sex of coach) between-subjects design. They were instructed to complete a questionnaire consisting of 11 items that tapped their attitudes and feelings toward a new coach. Identical background information was provided to subjects concerning the qualifications of the coach, the only difference being that for one group of subjects the coach was said to be female whereas for the other group of subjects the coach was said to be a male. Results were analyzed by a MANOVA and indicated significant interactions on seven questions, with simple main effects consistently indicating that males displayed more negative attitudes toward female coaches than did females while males and females did not differ in their view of male coaches. Results are discussed in terms of sex-role socialization patterns for males and females.

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Normative Functional Performance Values in High School Athletes: The Functional Pre-Participation Evaluation Project

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-458.16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 35-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

James A. Onate ◽

Cambrie Starkel ◽

Daniel R. Clifton ◽

Thomas M. Best ◽

James Borchers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

High School ◽

Grade Level ◽

Normative Data ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Functional Performance ◽

The United States ◽

Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽

Male And Female ◽

Grade Levels

Context: The fourth edition of the Preparticipation Physical Evaluation recommends functional testing for the musculoskeletal portion of the examination; however, normative data across sex and grade level are limited. Establishing normative data can provide clinicians reference points with which to compare their patients, potentially aiding in the development of future injury-risk assessments and injury-mitigation programs. Objective: To establish normative functional performance and limb-symmetry data for high school-aged male and female athletes in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Athletic training facilities and gymnasiums across the United States. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 3951 male and female athletes who participated on high school-sponsored basketball, football, lacrosse, or soccer teams enrolled in this nationwide study. Main Outcome Measure(s): Functional performance testing consisted of 3 evaluations. Ankle-joint range of motion, balance, and lower extremity muscular power and landing control were assessed via the weight-bearing ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge, single-legged anterior-reach, and anterior single-legged hop-for-distance (SLHOP) tests, respectively. We used 2-way analyses of variance and χ2 analyses to examine the effects of sex and grade level on ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge, single-legged anterior-reach, and SLHOP test performance and symmetry. Results: The SLHOP performance differed between sexes (males = 187.8% ± 33.1% of limb length, females = 157.5% ± 27.8% of limb length; t = 30.3, P < .001). A Cohen d value of 0.97 indicated a large effect of sex on SLHOP performance. We observed differences for SLHOP and ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge performance among grade levels, but these differences were not clinically meaningful. Conclusions: We demonstrated differences in normative data for lower extremity functional performance during preparticipation physical evaluations across sex and grade levels. The results of this study will allow clinicians to compare sex- and grade-specific functional performances and implement approaches for preventing musculoskeletal injuries in high school-aged athletes.

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