scholarly journals Normative Functional Performance Values in High School Athletes: The Functional Pre-Participation Evaluation Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Onate ◽  
Cambrie Starkel ◽  
Daniel R. Clifton ◽  
Thomas M. Best ◽  
James Borchers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Grade Levels

Context:  The fourth edition of the Preparticipation Physical Evaluation recommends functional testing for the musculoskeletal portion of the examination; however, normative data across sex and grade level are limited. Establishing normative data can provide clinicians reference points with which to compare their patients, potentially aiding in the development of future injury-risk assessments and injury-mitigation programs. Objective:  To establish normative functional performance and limb-symmetry data for high school-aged male and female athletes in the United States. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  Athletic training facilities and gymnasiums across the United States. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 3951 male and female athletes who participated on high school-sponsored basketball, football, lacrosse, or soccer teams enrolled in this nationwide study. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Functional performance testing consisted of 3 evaluations. Ankle-joint range of motion, balance, and lower extremity muscular power and landing control were assessed via the weight-bearing ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge, single-legged anterior-reach, and anterior single-legged hop-for-distance (SLHOP) tests, respectively. We used 2-way analyses of variance and χ2 analyses to examine the effects of sex and grade level on ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge, single-legged anterior-reach, and SLHOP test performance and symmetry. Results:  The SLHOP performance differed between sexes (males = 187.8% ± 33.1% of limb length, females = 157.5% ± 27.8% of limb length; t = 30.3, P < .001). A Cohen d value of 0.97 indicated a large effect of sex on SLHOP performance. We observed differences for SLHOP and ankle-dorsiflexion–lunge performance among grade levels, but these differences were not clinically meaningful. Conclusions:  We demonstrated differences in normative data for lower extremity functional performance during preparticipation physical evaluations across sex and grade levels. The results of this study will allow clinicians to compare sex- and grade-specific functional performances and implement approaches for preventing musculoskeletal injuries in high school-aged athletes.

scholarly journals An Exploratory, Preliminary Report on United States Weather Education Trends and General Population Links Between Weather Salience and Systemizing

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Bolton ◽  
H. Michael Mogil ◽  
Lara K. Ault
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
General Population ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
K 12

Meteorologists have been interested in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) education endeavors for many years. The present study’s authors recently observed an apparent trend in United States public schools away from weather content in physical science classes, especially at higher grade levels. Through the blending of multiple psychological theories, this study sought to examine when people in the United States are presented with educational weather content at the Kindergarten to Grade 12 (K-12) levels and also investigated links between two psychological constructs: Weather salience and systemizing. Recent evidence among people on the autism spectrum suggests that weather salience—psychological attention to weather—is linked to systemizing, a psychological process that involves attention-to-detail and pattern recognition, thus prompting an investigation of this relationship in the general population. Results preliminarily suggest that K-12 weather education in the United States occurs most often in the elementary and middle school years, but that people receiving weather education only in high school, and intriguingly a combination of elementary and high school, but not middle school, have the highest weather salience levels. There was also a positive relationship between weather salience and systemizing. Results are discussed in light of the weather salience, systemizing, and social cognitive career theories.

Possible Gender Bias in Ivy League and Selective Colleges

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 970-970
Author(s):  
Russell Eisenman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
African American ◽  
College Women ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ivy League ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Selective Colleges ◽  
States Data

In a 1991 report it was shown that many college women, especially conservatives, would not want a woman or an African-American to be President of the United States. Data are presented from a 1989 report by Persell and Cookson of 1035 high school seniors, showing Ivy League colleges and other highly selective colleges appeared to discriminate against female applicants. Even though both male and female applicants were from the pool of what elite colleges might consider to be the most qualified candidates, 92% of the boys but only 77% of the girls were accepted by the colleges.

scholarly journals Concussion-Reporting Behavior in Rugby: A National Survey of Rugby Union Players in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596712097214
Author(s):  
J. Chance Miller ◽  
Kenneth Shubin Stein ◽  
Tyler J. Moon ◽  
David P. Trofa ◽  
Hamish Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Medical Provider ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Or Practice

Background: Rugby is the fastest growing team sport in the United States for male and female athletes. It is a contact/collision sport with an injury risk profile that includes concussions. Purpose: To examine the prevalence of concussions in male and female rugby players in the United States and to characterize behaviors around reporting concussions that could be a target for prevention and treatment efforts. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: An online survey distributed to active members on the USA Rugby membership list was used to examine self-reported concussions in male and female athletes. Concussion-reporting behaviors and return to play after a concussion were also explored. Statistical analysis was used to compare male with female athletes and report differences, with years of experience as a dependent variable. Results: The proportion of athletes with a history of at least 1 concussion was 61.9% in all respondents. Of those who reported a concussion, 50.8% reported the concussion during the game or practice in which it occurred, and 57.6% reported at least 1 concussion to a qualified medical provider. Overall, 27.7% of participants who reported ≥1 rugby-related concussion in our survey noted that at least 1 of these concussions was not formally reported. The most commonly cited reasons for not reporting a concussion included not thinking that it was a serious injury, not knowing that it was a concussion at the time, and not wanting to be pulled out of the game or practice. Additionally, 61.0% of athletes did not engage in recommended return-to-play protocols after their most recent rugby-related concussion. Conclusion: US rugby union athletes may not report concussions to medical personnel or follow return-to-play protocols guided by medical advice. This could result from a lack of education on concussion recognition and the risks associated with continued play after a concussion as well as limited access to health care. Further education efforts focusing on the identification of concussions, removal from play, and return-to-play protocols are necessary in the US rugby union population.

ILLITERACY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
Edward B. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
School System ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Graduate ◽  
Local School ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
The Third

A high school graduate on Long Island sues the local school system because he cannot read above the third-grade level. The chief of personnel for the Navy reports $250,000 in damage to a diesel engine because a sailor who worked on it could not read the maintenance manual. The National Assessment of Educational Progress shows a group of 17-year-olds a replica of a traffic ticket, and more than half cannot determine the last day on which the fine can be paid. Such anecdotes are being heard with increasing frequency these days and point to a conclusion that is becoming painfully obvious to employees, educators, politicians, and the general public alike: the United States has a serious problem of illiteracy.

Androgen Use by Athletes: A Reevaluation of the Health Risks

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Street ◽  
Jose Antonio ◽  
David Cudlipp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Key Words Testosterone ◽  
Altered Blood ◽  
Exercise Muscle

It has been estimated that 1 to 3 million male and female athletes in the United States have used androgens. Androgen use has been associated with liver dysfunction, altered blood lipids, infertility, musculotendinous injury, and psychological abnormalities. Although androgens have been available to athletes for over 50 years, there is little evidence to show that their use will cause any long-term detriment; furthermore, the use of moderate doses of androgens results in side effects that are largely benign and reversible. It is our contention that the incidence of serious health problems associated with the use of androgens by athletes has been overstated. Key words: testosterone, exercise, muscle, steroids, hypertrophy

Normative data stratified by age and education for the Neuropsychological Screening Battery for Hispanics (NeSBHIS): Initial report

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel O. Pontón ◽  
Paul Satz ◽  
Lawrence Herrera ◽  
Freddy Ortiz ◽  
Carla P. Urrutia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Neuropsychological Screening ◽  
Screening Battery ◽  
Education Effects

AbstractNeuropsychological assessment of monolingual Spanish-speaking people in the United States is both a common practice and an ethical dilemma. Lack of appropriate tests, the absence of norms, use of interpreters, and the multiplicity of in-house translations of commonly used measures add to the problem of accurate assessment. This paper helps address the lack of appropriate measures for the neuropsychological assessment of Latinos in the United States by providing a standardization of the Neuropsychological Screening Battery for Hispanics (NeSBHIS). Normative data on a sample of 300 Hispanic subjects stratified by gender, age, and education are provided. Current results reveal that not one measure of cognitive functioning is free from education effects. Both nonverbal measures and psychomotor speed measures were highly related to education. Age effects were noted on measures of psychomotor speed, visuospatial reasoning, and visuoconstructive skills. Gender effects were found on measures of psychomotor speed and language, with males achieving higher scores than females. The limitations of the current findings are considered. Further research for the validation of the NeSBHIS with clinical populations, as well as further normative data collection at the national and international levels, is needed. (JINS, 1996, 2, 96–104.)

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