Child Rearing, Prosocial Moral Reasoning, and Prosocial Behaviour

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M.A.M. Janssens ◽  
Maja Deković
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Restrictive Environment ◽  
At Home

This study examined the relations between child rearing, prosocial moral reasoning, and prosocial behaviour. The sample consisted of 125 children (6-11 years of age) and both their parents. Child-rearing behaviour was assessed by both observations at home and interviews with the parents; prosocial moral reasoning by interviews with the children, and prosocial behaviour by questionnaires filled in by their teachers and classmates. Positive relations were found between prosocial moral reasoning and prosocial behaviour, but only for the youngest children. Children growing up in a supportive, authoritative, and less restrictive environment behaved more prosocially and reasoned at a higher level about prosocial moral issues.

Psychological Aspects of Sex Differences in Moral Reasoning

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1239-1242
Author(s):  
Tuntufye S. Mwamwenda
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Men And Women

Psychologists, such as Freud, Piaget, and Kohlberg, have indicated that there are sex differences in moral reasoning of men and women. Generally men's moral reasoning is more advanced than that of women. This is attributed to various factors such as culture and over-all child-rearing practices which include greater expectation of men than of women. Despite this conclusion, it is doubtful whether some assessments of women's moral reasoning are accurate and fair.

scholarly journals 2019冠狀病毒病疫情下的道德議題的初步哲學探索

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Benedict S. B. CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
The Capability Approach

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.在2019冠狀病毒疫情之下，至少有兩個公共術生政策的道德議題變得異常重要。第一，現時有不少爭議是關於這些抗疫政策與個人自由的衡突。這是很典型的公共善與個人自由衡突的道德爭論，但疫情令這樣的衡突成為直接而迫切的顧慮。第 二，這個世界在疫情之前已有很多嚴重的不平等問題，但現在有些防疫政策令社會的不平等變得更為嚴重。儘管本文不會為這兩個道德議題給予肯定的解答，但會集中探究在討論這些道德議題的跨學科辯論中，應該用到甚麽道德推論和基礎，並會 詳細解釋以下幾個重要理念。第一，作者會論證，衛生道德人權的理念並不能充分地成為解決這些問題的道德基礎。第二， 不純粹用到權利進路的話，作者會論證應該用到阿馬蒂亞.森的後果評價和能力進路作為道德推論和基礎。第三，這兩個由森提出的理念可以把不同的道德理論和傳統與公共衛生議題連繫起來。作者會以儒家為道德傳統的例子，論證如何以後果 評價、能力進路和儒家當中的一些理念與價值，以此提出一些可能方向，去處理上述兩個道德議題。At least two moral issues of some public health policies have become significant in the COVID-19 pandemic. First, it is arguable that some policies to address the present pandemic conflict with individual freedom. This is a typical moral debate between public good and individual freedom, but the COVID-19 pandemic has made this conflict a more immediate and urgent concern. Second, the world had serious inequality problems prior to the pandemic, and some of the new public health policies have caused more severe social inequalities. Instead of providing definitive answers to these two moral issues, this paper focuses on what types of moral reasoning and foundation should be used in the interdisciplinary debates around these problems. Several ideas are discussed in detail. First, the author argues that the idea of moral human rights to health is not a sufficient moral foundation to solve these problems. Second, the author argues that in addition to the right talk, we should use Amartya Sen’s consequential evaluation and the capability approach as the foundation and moral reasoning. Third, the author argues that these two ideas from Sen can connect different moral traditions with public health issues. The author uses Confucianism as an example of a moral tradition, and argues for possible directions to address the moral issues using ideas and values from consequential evaluation, the capability approach, and Confucianism.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 60 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

The Handicapped Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Handicapped Child ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Growing Up

Despite the best efforts of the medical profession, there continue to be parents whose children are handicapped either in their senses or in their limbs. For these parents, devoid as they often are of the joy of seeing their child growing up normally, and plagued as they are by both fears and guilt, Mrs. Stern and Miss Castendyck have written this book. As they themselves point out, it is neither a general manual on child care nor encyclopedic in terms of illnesses, but it stresses "the fact that good principles of child rearing apply equally to the normal and the handicapped."

scholarly journals Pre-school nutrition-related behaviours at home and early childhood education services: findings from the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1222-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gerritsen ◽  
Sarah E Anderson ◽  
Susan MB Morton ◽  
Clare R Wall
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
School Nutrition ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectivePre-school nutrition-related behaviours influence diet and development of lifelong eating habits. We examined the prevalence and congruence of recommended nutrition-related behaviours (RNB) in home and early childhood education (ECE) services, exploring differences by child and ECE characteristics.DesignTelephone interviews with mothers. Online survey of ECE managers/head teachers.SettingNew Zealand.SubjectsChildren (n 1181) aged 45 months in the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal study.ResultsA mean 5·3 of 8 RNB were followed at home, with statistical differences by gender and ethnic group, but not socio-economic position. ECE services followed a mean 4·8 of 8 RNB, with differences by type of service and health-promotion programme participation. No congruence between adherence at home and in ECE services was found; half of children with high adherence at home attended a service with low adherence. A greater proportion of children in deprived communities attended a service with high adherence, compared with children living in the least deprived communities (20 and 12 %, respectively).ConclusionsChildren, across all socio-economic positions, may not experience RNB at home. ECE settings provide an opportunity to improve or support behaviours learned at home. Targeting of health-promotion programmes in high-deprivation areas has resulted in higher adherence to RNB at these ECE services. The lack of congruence between home and ECE behaviours suggests health-promotion messages may not be effectively communicated to parents/family. Greater support is required across the ECE sector to adhere to RNB and promote wider change that can reach into homes.

Effect of Religiosity and Moral Identity Internalization on Prosocial Behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Sukhamjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
High Level ◽  
Age Range

The main aim of the present research was to study the religiosity and moral identity internalization as effective variables of prosocial behaviour. Sample consisted of 400 emerging adults (females) in the age range of 18–24. All participants completed questionnaire measures, namely religiosity scale (Bhushan, 1970), moral identity inventory (Aquino & Reed, 2002, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1423–1440) and prosocial personality battery (Penner, Fritzsche, Craiger & Friefeld, 1995, Advances in Personality Assessment (vol. 10, pp. 147–184). Hillsdale, NJ: Lea). The data were subjected to 2 × 2 analysis of variance. The results of ANOVA clearly revealed that highly religious people are more responsible socially, exhibit higher empathic concern, are more able to take others perspective, have higher prosocial moral reasoning capabilities, are more helpful, altruistic and demonstrate a high level of other oriented empathy. High moral identity internalization leads to socially responsible behaviour, along with higher empathic concern and perspective-taking abilities. Individuals with high level of moral identity were found capable to use prosocial moral reasoning, and they also exhibited higher levels of other oriented empathy. Religiosity and moral identity internalization interacted with each other to produce a combined effect on mutual concern moral reasoning.

Structure Design of Multi-Purpose Elevation Mechanism

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 1416-1419
Author(s):  
Ke She Wang ◽  
Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Structure Design ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Bamboo Shoots ◽  
Resistance Form ◽  
At Home

Now a days, high construction are growing up just as the bamboo shoots after rain.Earthquake,fire and other disasters are running into people's eyes because of group of deaths and wounds,it teaches people to pay more attention to self-help in an emergency,especially when they are at home in the air.My design can be used as automatic lift racks in peacetime,slow down device in an emergency.It can bring a resistance form against the movement which is caused by the gravity of people by compressing spring in it,lifting victims down to safe place slowly .

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