Effect of Religiosity and Moral Identity Internalization on Prosocial Behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Sukhamjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
High Level ◽  
Age Range

The main aim of the present research was to study the religiosity and moral identity internalization as effective variables of prosocial behaviour. Sample consisted of 400 emerging adults (females) in the age range of 18–24. All participants completed questionnaire measures, namely religiosity scale (Bhushan, 1970), moral identity inventory (Aquino & Reed, 2002, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1423–1440) and prosocial personality battery (Penner, Fritzsche, Craiger & Friefeld, 1995, Advances in Personality Assessment (vol. 10, pp. 147–184). Hillsdale, NJ: Lea). The data were subjected to 2 × 2 analysis of variance. The results of ANOVA clearly revealed that highly religious people are more responsible socially, exhibit higher empathic concern, are more able to take others perspective, have higher prosocial moral reasoning capabilities, are more helpful, altruistic and demonstrate a high level of other oriented empathy. High moral identity internalization leads to socially responsible behaviour, along with higher empathic concern and perspective-taking abilities. Individuals with high level of moral identity were found capable to use prosocial moral reasoning, and they also exhibited higher levels of other oriented empathy. Religiosity and moral identity internalization interacted with each other to produce a combined effect on mutual concern moral reasoning.

scholarly journals Does Empathy Promote Helping by Activating Altruistic Motivation or Concern About Social Evaluation? A Direct Replication of Fultz et al. (1986)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Granville McCauley ◽  
Michael E. McCullough ◽  
William H.B. McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Altruistic Motivation ◽  
Large N ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Do So

Empathy motivates people to help needy others. Does it do so by activating genuine concern, or by activating more self-interested goals that helping needy others might enable them to fulfill? The empathy-altruism hypothesis claims that empathic concern reflects a non-instrumental desire to improve the welfare of a person in need. To rule out the alternative hypothesis that empathy motivates prosocial behavior by first generating fear of appearing selfish, Fultz et al. (1986) manipulated empathy for a needy target using perspective-taking instructions; they also manipulated whether the subject’s opportunity to help was subject to social evaluation. However, Fultz et al.’s (1986) experiments were underpowered. Here, we conducted a large-N pre-registered replication of Experiment 2 in Fultz et al. (1986). We also administered self-report measures of moral identity and endorsement of the principle of care to test whether these traits reflect altruistic desires or desires to avoid disapprobation. We found that volunteering did not differ between the high and low social evaluation conditions, and that volunteering was not significantly higher in the high-empathy condition. These results sit uneasily with Fultz et al. (1986)’s evidence in support of the empathy-altruism hypothesis. We also failed to find evidence that the principle of care or moral identity internalization reflect altruistic motivation. Consistent with the empathy-altruism hypothesis, however, we did find that self-reported empathic concern predicted helping.

The Roles of Perspective Taking, Empathic Concern, and Prosocial Moral Reasoning in the Self-Reported Prosocial Behaviors of Filipino and Turkish Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 814-830
Author(s):  
Zehra Gülseven ◽  
Asiye Kumru ◽  
Gustavo Carlo ◽  
Maria Rosario de Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Prosocial Development ◽  
And Gender

Traditional social cognitive model of prosocial development suggests important links between both sociocognitive and socioemotive traits and prosocial behaviors. The present study examined the relations among perspective taking, empathic concern, prosocial moral reasoning, and public, emotional, compliant, and anonymous prosocial behaviors in Filipino and Turkish young adults to test the generalizability of this traditional model. Participants were 257 college students recruited from state universities in Ankara, Turkey (57 women, 83 men; Mage = 19.26 years, SD = 0.63) and Manila, the Philippines (75 women, 42 men; Mage = 18.41 years, SD = 1.44). Results showed that the relations among perspective taking, empathic concern, prosocial moral reasoning, and four types of self-reported prosocial behaviors were robust across two countries and gender. Perspective taking was positively related to empathic concern, which, in turn, was positively related to emotional and compliant prosocial behaviors. Perspective taking was also positively related to prosocial moral reasoning, which, in turn, was positively related to anonymous and negatively related to public prosocial behaviors. Overall, the findings provide support for the generalizability of traditional model of prosocial development and extend our understanding of prosocial behaviors to two non-Western, collectivist-oriented societies.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Prosocial Behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isah Aliyu Abdullahi ◽  
Dr. Pardeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Males And Females

The objective of current research was to examine the gender differences in prosocial behaviour. Total 60 students (N = 60, 30 Males and 30 Females) participated in the current study from Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India. The Prosocial Personality Battery (PSB) consisting seven dimensions including social responsibility (SR), emphatic concern (EC), perspective taking (PT), personal distress (PD), other oriented moral reasoning (O), mutual concern moral reasoning (M) and self report altruism (SRA) has been used in the study to collect the data. The results revealed significant gender differences on two dimensions of prosocial personality battery, i.e. perspective taking (t = 2.04, p <.05) and other oriented moral reasoning (t = 2.01, p <.05), being females on the higher side. On rest of the five dimensions the differences were negligible falling far away from the probability level of .05. The results suggest that males and females are both almost equal on most of the prosocial behaviour dimensions. However, in case of perspective taking and mutual concern moral reasoning females are on higher side suggesting that they have better understanding of others’ mental state and they are more concerned about morality in the society.

Bracketed Morality in Sport

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Visnja Djordjic
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Moral Atmosphere ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Behavior

Summary Although sport can promote moral values and prosocial behavior in youth, numerous research shows that sports engagement alone does not guarantee that outcome. Instead of striving for fair-play and sport excellence which not exclude justness, solidarity and moral integrity, contemporary sport frequently follows the Lombardian ethic, where „winning isn’t everything, it’s the only thing”. Moral pause or bracketed morality, as described in sport, refers to the phenomenon of tolerance and acceptance of aggressive behavior or cheating, that will be morally condemned outside sports arenas. Accordingly, lower levels of moral reasoning and behavior have been identified in athletes and non-athletes in the sports-related situation in comparison to other life situations; in athletes when compared to non-athletes, in more experienced athletes, high-level athletes, team-sport athletes, and male athletes. Moral reasoning and behavior of athletes are influenced by contextual and personal factors, with coaches having a particularly important role to play. The positive influence of sport on the moral development of athletes might be related to pre-service and in-service education of coaches how to develop adequate moral atmosphere, and how to plan for moral decision-making as an integral part of everyday practice.

scholarly journals Understanding the Links between Inferring Mental States, Empathy, and Burnout in Medical Contexts

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Naira Delgado ◽  
Helena Bonache ◽  
Moisés Betancort ◽  
Yurena Morera ◽  
Lasana T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Personal Distress

It is generally accepted that empathy should be the basis of patient care. However, this ideal may be unrealistic if healthcare professionals suffer adverse effects when engaging in empathy. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of inferring mental states and different components of empathy (perspective-taking; empathic concern; personal distress) in burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion; depersonalization; personal accomplishment). A total of 184 healthcare professionals participated in the study (23% male, Mage = 44.60; SD = 10.46). We measured participants’ empathy, the inference of mental states of patients, and burnout. Correlation analyses showed that inferring mental states was positively associated with perspective-taking and with empathic concern, but uncorrelated with personal distress. Furthermore, emotional exhaustion was related to greater levels of personal distress and greater levels of inferences of mental states. Depersonalization was associated with greater levels of personal distress and lower levels of empathic concern. Personal accomplishment was associated with the inference of mental states in patients, lower levels of personal distress, and perspective-taking. These results provide a better understanding of how different components of empathy and mental state inferences may preserve or promote healthcare professionals’ burnout.

scholarly journals Intentions versus Outcomes: Cooperation and Fairness in a Sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma with Nature

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Garret Ridinger
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma Game ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma Game ◽  
First Mover

This paper investigates the importance of concerns about intentions and outcomes in a sequential prisoner’s dilemma game with nature. In the game, there is a chance that the first mover’s choice is reversed. This allows the separation of intended actions from the resulting outcomes. Equilibrium predictions from theoretical models of fairness are tested experimentally by varying the chance the first mover’s choice is reversed and whether the second mover observes the first mover’s choice. The results show that second mover cooperation is higher when the first mover has little control over their choice and when the second mover is not told what the first mover chose. While subject behavior is consistent with concerns for both intentions and outcomes, the results indicate that these concerns work in ways not predicted by current theoretical models. In addition, I find that psychometric measures of empathic concern and perspective taking are correlated with second mover cooperation and provide potential explanations for the experimental results.

Moving Into the Media World: The Moral Psychology of Emerging Adults in Journalism and Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 107769582199224
Author(s):  
David A. Craig ◽  
Patrick Lee Plaisance ◽  
Erin Schauster ◽  
Ryan J. Thomas ◽  
Chris Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Ethical Ideology ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Virtuous Character ◽  
Recent Graduates ◽  
The Media

A growing body of psychology-based scholarship identifies emerging adulthood as a distinct, transitional stage of life and work characterized by several features, wherein relatively little is known regarding moral development. This study is part of a 3-year, longitudinal project involving recent graduates across six U.S. universities who studied journalism and media-related fields. Guided by emerging adulthood, moral psychology, and media exemplar research, this study analyzes results for 110 graduates who completed an online survey regarding their personality traits, virtuous character, moral reasoning, and ethical ideology. It constitutes the first detailed portrait of moral identity of emerging adults in media-related fields.

Psychiatric adjustment in chronic fatigue syndrome of childhood and in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. RANGEL ◽  
M. E. GARRALDA ◽  
A. HALL ◽  
S. WOODHAM
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Age Range

Background. High rates of psychopathology and of personality problems have been reported in children and adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). It is not clear whether this is consequent on the experience of chronic physical ill health. We compare psychiatric adjustment in children with CFS and in children suffering from another chronic physical disorder (juvenile idiopathic arthritis or JIA).Method. Our sample consisted of 28 children with CFS and 30 with JIA attending tertiary paediatric centres (age range, 11 to 18 years, mean 15, S.D. 2·3). In order to assess psychiatric status and functioning, we used the K-SADS psychiatric interviews, CGAS and Harter Self-Esteem Questionnaire with child subjects; behavioural questionnaires (CBCL) and child personality assessment interviews (PAS) with parent informants.Results. Psychiatric disorders in the year prior to interview had been present significantly more commonly in the CFS group (72% v. 34% in JIA) and were more impairing to them (CGAS scores of 45 v. 77). Most common diagnoses in both groups were depressive and anxiety disorders. Personality problems were also significantly more frequent in CFS subjects (48% disorder and 26% difficulty v. 11% and 11% in JIA). There were few differences between the two groups in self-esteem.Conclusions. Psychopathology and personality problems are common in children and adolescents with severe forms of CFS and cannot be explained strictly through the experience of chronic physical illness.

A Smarter Fight Against Corruption

Contexts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Marina Zaloznaya ◽  
Freda B. Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

According to a recent study, in forty-eight countries around the world, more than a quarter of citizens pays bribes in exchange for service. In this article, the authors suggest that a key to a more effective and socially responsible fight against corruption lies in sequencing. Here, they explain how initiatives targeting high-level corruption in government and business must take priority, preceding the reforms of the public sector.

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