Survey and perspective on social emotions in robotics

Why do humans, uniquely among animals, cooperate in large numbers to advance projects for the common good? Contrary to the conventional wisdom in biology and economics, this generous and civic-minded behavior is widespread and cannot be explained simply by far-sighted self-interest or a desire to help close genealogical kin. This book shows that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers. The book describes how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival. Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment. Using experimental, archaeological, genetic, and ethnographic data to calibrate models of the coevolution of genes and culture as well as prehistoric warfare and other forms of group competition, the book provides a compelling and novel account of human cooperation.

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Meditation buffers medical student compassion from the deleterious effects of depression.

10.31231/osf.io/jxdk8 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer S Mascaro ◽

Sean Kelley ◽

Alana Darcher ◽

Lobsang Negi ◽

Carol Worthman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Student ◽

Medical Students ◽

Medical School ◽

Well Being ◽

Daily Functioning ◽

Wait List ◽

School Students ◽

Social Emotions ◽

The Face ◽

Second Year

Increasing data suggest that for medical school students the stress of academic and psychologicaldemands can impair social emotions that are a core aspect of compassion and ultimately physiciancompetence. Few interventions have proven successful for enhancing physician compassion inways that persist in the face of suffering and that enable sustained caretaker well-being. To addressthis issue, the current study was designed to (1) investigate the feasibility of cognitively-basedcompassion training (CBCT) for second-year medical students, and (2) test whether CBCT decreasesdepression, enhances compassion, and improves daily functioning in medical students. Comparedto the wait-list group, students randomized to CBCT reported increased compassion, and decreasedloneliness and depression. Changes in compassion were most robust in individuals reporting highlevels of depression at baseline, suggesting that CBCT may benefit those most in need by breakingthe link between personal suffering and a concomitant drop in compassion

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Who Deserves Help? Evolutionary Psychology, Social Emotions, and Public Opinion about Welfare

Political Psychology ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00883.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 395-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Michael Bang Petersen ◽

Daniel Sznycer ◽

Leda Cosmides ◽

John Tooby

Keyword(s):

Public Opinion ◽

Evolutionary Psychology ◽

Social Emotions

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Ranking social emotions by learning listwise preference

The First Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition ◽

10.1109/acpr.2011.6166699 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Qishen Wang ◽

Ou Wu ◽

Weiming Hu ◽

Jinfeng Yang ◽

Wanqing Li

Keyword(s):

Social Emotions

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The emotion-valuation constellation: multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

10.31234/osf.io/2mnj8 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Sznycer ◽

Aaron Lukaszewski

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Social Value ◽

Social Emotions ◽

The Social ◽

Social Valuation ◽

Common Architecture ◽

Substantial Degree

Social emotions are hypothesized to be adaptations designed by selection to solve adaptiveproblems pertaining to social valuation—the disposition to attend to, associate with, and aid atarget individual based on her probable contributions to the fitness of the valuer. To steerbetween effectiveness and economy, social emotions need to activate in precise proportion to the local evaluations of the various acts and characteristics that dictate the social value of self and others. Supporting this hypothesis, experiments conducted in the United States and India indicate that five different social emotions all track a common set of valuations. The extent to which people value each of 25 positive characteristics in others predicts the intensities of: pride (if you had those characteristics), anger (if someone failed to acknowledge that you have thosecharacteristics), gratitude (if someone convinced others that you have those characteristics), guilt (if you harmed someone who has those characteristics), and sadness (if someone died who had those characteristics). The five emotions track local valuations (mean r = +.72) and even foreign valuations (mean r = +.70). In addition, cultural differences in emotion are patterned: They follow cultural differences in valuation. These findings suggest that multiple social emotions are governed (in part) by a common architecture of social valuation, that the valuation architecture operates with a substantial degree of universality in its content, and that a unified theoretical framework may explain cross-cultural invariances and cultural differences in emotion.

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Sex-Related Differences in Plasma Oxytocin Levels in Humans

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017901915010058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Donatella Marazziti ◽

Stefano Baroni ◽

Federico Mucci ◽

Armando Piccinni ◽

Ilenia Moroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Present Finding ◽

Human Beings ◽

Social Emotions ◽

Healthy Men

Background:Increasing evidence supports a key role of Oxytocin (OT) as a modulator of social relationships in mammals.Objective:The aim of the present study was to investigate possible sex-related differences in plasma OT levels in human beings.Methods:Forty-five healthy men and 45 women (mean age: 34.9 ± 6.2 years), were included in the study. Plasma preparation, peptide extraction and OT radioimmunoassay were carried out according to standardized methods.Results:The results showed that OT plasma levels (pg ̸ ml, mean ± SD) were significantly higher in women than in men (4.53 ± 1.18 vs 1.53 ± 1.19, p ˂ 0.001).Conclusions:The present finding demonstrates sex-related differences in plasma OT levels in humans. It is tempting to hypothesize that such differences might be related to behaviours, attitudes, as well as susceptibility to stress response, resilience and social emotions specific of women and men.

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The role of the emotions of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions

Философская мысль ◽

10.25136/2409-8728.2021.4.33716 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 11-25

Author(s):

Alexandra Shiller

Keyword(s):

Cultural Psychology ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Social Emotions ◽

History Of Research ◽

Current State ◽

History Of ◽

Methodological Problems ◽

The Individual ◽

Methodology Of Science

This article is dedicated to examination of the role of guilt and shame, namely to prevalence one of these emotions in a particular culture as the leading mechanism of social control. The prevalence of guilt or shame as a cultural “dimension” has become one of the first criteria for the division of cultures into Western and Eastern, and was used by the researchers as a basic postulate for cross-cultural r. Over time, the perception of emotions as the criterion for the division of cultures has been revised. The article traces the history of research on emotions in general, namely the emotions of guilt and shame as social emotions, as well as describes guilt and shame as collective and individual experiences. Analysis is conducted on the role of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions, cross-cultural studies. The author outlines certain methodological problems and contradictions, and assesses the current state of scientific research dedicated to social emotions. The conclusion is made that the research on collective sense of guilt and shame is more advanced from the perspective of cross-cultural psychology and philosophy, as well as the overall methodology of science; it allows shifting from the study of the role of individual emotions in interpersonal (conditioned by collective ties), intergroup and intragroup communication towards the integrated study of emotions associated with interaction of the individual and society, i.e. social experiences.

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