Increase in phosphorus concentration reduces the toxicity of copper in wheat roots (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti ◽  
Maisa Didone Wohlenberg ◽  
Juliete Araújo da Silva ◽  
Lucas Antônio Telles Rodrigues ◽  
Qamar Sarfaraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Wheat Roots

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

Changes in the Ultrastructure of the Root Tip of Wheat Following Exposure to Aluminium

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
MLD Lima ◽  
L Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Fermentative Metabolism

Investigations have been carried out on morphological changes induced by aluminium ions in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Vulcan). Lesions were evident on the surface of the roots after 4-8 h of exposure, and within 24 h there was increased vacuolation, loss of turgor, and severe cytoplasmic disorganisation in epidermal and peripheral cap cells. The central cap and cortical layers were also severely damaged by aluminium, but changes in the meristematic cells became evident only after more prolonged exposure of roots to aluminium. Mobilisation of starch in amyloplasts of peripheral and central cap cells of aluminium-stressed roots was particularly noticeable, and this was accompanied by an increase in the amount of extractable activity of starch-degrading enzymes. The possibility that the mobilisation of starch is linked to a coincident increase in fermentative metabolism in Al-stressed wheat roots is considered.

scholarly journals Changes in the structure of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots in varieties susceptible and resistant to infestation by Heterodera avenae Woll.

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Grymaszewska ◽  
Władysław Golinowski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Cell Divisions

The structure of wheat roots of the "susceptible" variety Capa and "resistant" variety AUS 10894 infested by <em>Heterodera avenae</em> was studied. The processes leading to the formation of syncytia and the range of reactions of the studied varieties to infection are described. In both varieties, necrosis of cells surrounding the nematode, and in the wheat variety AUS 10894, in addition, necrotic changes in cells surrounding syncytia were found. The syncytia formed in the resistant variety degenerated early. The cells adjacent to the syncytia underwent divisions. Cell divisions also took place in the pericycle. They led to the formation of more numerous lateral roots, especially in plants from the susceptible variety. It seems that the earlier degeneration of syncytia and the accompanying necrotic changes in the tissues surrounding the syncytia observed in wheat of the AUS 10894 variety can be taken as signs of host resistance reactions.

scholarly journals Glycine Betaine-Mediated Root Priming Improves Water Stress Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Nazir Ahmed ◽  
Mingyuan Zhu ◽  
Qiuxia Li ◽  
Xilei Wang ◽  
Jiachi Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

Droughts represent one of the main challenges that climate change imposes on crop production. As a globally cultivated staple crop, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is prone to drought environments. Therefore, improvement in drought tolerance represents a growing concern to ensure food security, especially for wheat. In this perspective, the application of Phyto-phillic exogenous materials such as glycine-betaine (GB) has been attracting attention, particularly in stress-related studies. Since roots procure the water and nutrients for plants, any improvements in their response and capacity against drought stress could induce stress tolerance in plants. However, the knowledge about the changes in root architecture, defense mechanism, hormonal metabolism, and downstream signaling, in response to GB-mediated root priming, is still limited. Therefore, we designed the present study to investigate the role of GB-mediated root priming in improving the water stress tolerance in wheat (cv. Jimai-22) under in-vitro conditions. The roots of twelve days old wheat seedlings were treated with Hoagland’s solution (GB-0), 50 mM GB (GB-1), and 100 mM GB (GB-2) for 48 h and subjected to well-watered (WW) and water-stress (WS) conditions. The osmotic stress substantially impaired shoot/root growth, dry matter accumulation, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2) production in the roots of wheat seedlings. However, GB-mediated root priming improved the redox homeostasis of wheat roots by boosting the activities of SOD and POD and triggering the significantly higher accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in the roots of GB-primed plants. Consequently, it modified the root architecture system and improved plant growth, dry matter accumulation, and water-stress tolerance of wheat seedlings. Moreover, GB-mediated root priming increased root sensitivity to water stress and induced overexpression of stress-responsive genes involved in ABA metabolism (TaNECD1, TaABA’OH2), their downstream signal transduction (TaPP2C, TaSNRK2.8), and activation of different transcriptional factors (TabZIP60, TaAREB3, TaWRKY2, TaERF3, and TaMYB3) that are associated with plant metabolite accumulation and detoxification of ROS under water stress conditions. Overall, our results demonstrated that GB-priming improved the physiological and biochemical attributes of wheat plants under WS conditions by improving the drought perception capacity of wheat roots, ultimately enhancing the water stress tolerance. Thus, the GB-priming of roots could help to enhance the water-stress tolerance of economically important crops (i.e., wheat).

EFFECTS OF FUMIGATION ON GROWTH, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, WATER RELATIONS AND MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE FIELD

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. TRENT ◽  
T. J. SVEJCAR ◽  
S. CHRISTIANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown in methyl bromide fumigated and nonfumigated soils in the field. Fumigation increased growth of wheat in the winter but depressed growth later in the spring. Growth depression of winter wheat in fumigated soils coincided with VAM-fungal colonization of wheat roots in nonfumigated soils. In the spring, wheat plants growing in fumigated soils were more chlorotic than those in nonfumigated soils. Plants grown in fumigated soils produced 18–21% less aboveground biomass during grain filling, and 42% less grain at final harvest than controls. In May, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration of flag leaves were reduced 40–52, 41–55, and 24–36%, respectively, in fumigated plots when compared to nonfumigated plots. Wheat was colonized by VAM only 20% of the growth period; however, VAM colonization may occur at a period critical to grain production of winter wheat.Key words: Triticum aestivum, fumigation, mycorrhizae, photosynthesis, water relations, wheat (winter)

DISTRIBUTION OF 14C RESIDUE OF TCA-14C IN VEGETATIVE AND GRAIN PARTS OF OATS AND WHEAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. CHOW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Wheat Seeds

A TCA-14C solution at 1.8 × 10−7M (2.42 μCi) was applied to the roots of 22-day-old greenhouse seedlings of oats (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Over a period of 42.5 h, wheat roots absorbed three times as much TCA-14C as oat roots (41.4 vs. 13.2%). A substantial reduction of 14C residues in shoots and roots in both crops occurred within 6 wk after absorption and then remained relatively constant in shoots. Most of the absorbed 14C (89.9–93.7% in oats and 88.8–98.3% in wheat) was distributed in shoots. Oat roots retained more 14C (3.6–8.4%) than wheat roots (0.7–3.6%). Small percentages of 14C residues were found in seeds (0.4–1.4% in oats and 1.8–6.6% in wheat), and about an equal amount in the chaff. Wheat seeds (0.09–0.19 ppm) tended to accumulate more 14C than oat seeds (0.01–0.03 ppm).

Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of 3,4-Dichloroaniline in Soybean and Wheat Plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Bockers ◽  
Christiane Rivero ◽  
Brigitte Thiede ◽  
Thomas Jankowski ◽  
Burkhard Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Main Metabolite ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants

The roots of 13-day-old soybean ( Glycine max L.) and 7-day-old wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) hydroponic plants were exposed to [14C]-3,4-dichloroaniline (1.0 and 0.4 mg/1 (6.2 and 2.5 μᴍ) , respectively) and harvested after 48/120 h (soybean) and 72 h (wheat). Both species metabolized the xenobiotic almost quantitatively to N-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,4-dichloroaniline, N-malonyl-3,4-dichloroaniline, 6′-O-malonyl-N-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,4-dichloroaniline and non-extractable residues. In the soybean experiments 58.8 (48 h) and 54.6% (120 h) of the applied radioactivity were found in the nutrient; this fraction consisted primarily of N-malonyl-3,4-dichloroaniline. 37.3/24.1% (48/120 h) were detected in the plants. In the soybeans, 36.2 and 52.7% (48/120 h) of the absorbed 14C were translocated, mainly into hypocotyls, primary and secondary leaves. After 120 h, the main metabolite was N-malonyl- 3,4-dichloroaniline (38.5% ); considerable levels of this metabolite accumulated in the primary and secondary leaves (10.4 and 10.4%). The glucosides were mainly found in the roots of the soybean plants. Totals of 23.5 and 35.1% (48/120 h) were transformed to non-extractable residues. In wheat, 78.3% of the applied 3,4-dichloroaniline was absorbed after 72 h. This fraction was partially translocated to the leaves, but most of the residues remained in the roots (90.3% of absorbed 14C). In wheat, a total of 45.6% was transformed to nonextractable residues. The soluble radioactivity in the roots consisted of nearly equal amounts of the glucosides and the N-malonyl conjugate. The processes observed in soybean and wheat roots resembled those of the respective cell suspension cultures published previously.

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