Removal of Adsorbable Organic Halides from Water Containing Bromide Ions by Conventional and Advanced Oxidation

Effluents originated in cellulose pulp manufacturing processes are usually toxic and recalcitrant, specially the bleaching effluents, which exhibit high contents of aromatic compounds (e.g. residual lignin derivates). Although biological processes are normally used, their efficiency for the removal of toxic lignin derivates is low. The toxicity and recalcitrance of a bleached Kraft pulp mill were assessed through bioassays and ultraviolet absorption measurements, i.e. acid soluble lignin (ASL), UV280, and specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVA), before and after treatment by an integrated system comprised of an anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor and oxidation step with ozone. Furthermore, adsorbable organic halides (AOX) were measured. The results demonstrated not only that the toxic recalcitrant compounds can be removed successfully using integrated system, but also the ultraviolet absorption measurements can be an interesting control-parameter in a wastewater treatment.

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Post-Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewaters Using Oxidation and Adsorption Processes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0720 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5-6) ◽

pp. 259-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J. Kallas ◽

R. Munter

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Main Process ◽

Equilibrium Conditions ◽

Adsorbable Organic Halides ◽

Organic Halides ◽

Adsorption Processes ◽

Kinetics Of

The feasibility of using ozonation and adsorption for the post-treatment of biologically treated effluents of the pulp and paper industry has been studied. Equilibrium conditions, as well as the kinetics of both processes, have been determined. The COD, AOX (adsorbable organic halides) content and color were chosen as the main process parameters. General design of an ozone reactor and adsorption unit, as well as estimates of capital and operating costs for both processes, have also been presented. Some remarkable advantages of ozonation in comparison to PAC-adsorption have been emphasized: at the same purification cost ($/m3) ozonation can guarantee 7-8 times higher efficiency than adsorption. Destroying color bodies and toxic organochlorine compounds in the effluents from the pulp and paper industry with ozone has become very promising.

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The effects of oxygen delignification, complete chloride dioxide substitution, and biological treatment on bleached kraft mill effluent quality

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0468 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (2-3) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mark M. Hasegawa ◽

Douglas A. Barton

Keyword(s):

Biological Treatment ◽

Oxygen Delignification ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Biological Removal ◽

Adsorbable Organic Halides ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Organic Halides ◽

Percent Confidence Level ◽

Percent Increase ◽

Kraft Mill Effluent

The effects of bleaching modifications on the biotreatability of the resulting Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX) were studied using laboratory-scale bioreactors and mill-scale bleach plant filtrates. Under conventional pulping/bleaching conditions, biological removal of AOX averaged 40 percent. After modification to oxygen delignification and complete ClO2 substitution, the removal efficiency increased to 47 percent. Under the treatment conditions employed, the eight percent increase was found to be statistically significant at a 95 percent confidence level. These results indicate that AOX biotreatability efficiencies following bleaching sequence modifications to oxygen delignification and complete ClO2 substitution remain at least as high as those observed prior to such modifications.

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The impact of chloride or bromide ions on the advanced oxidation of atrazine by combined electrolysis and ozonation

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jece.2019.103105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 103105

Author(s):

Greg L. Saylor ◽

Margaret J. Kupferle

Keyword(s):

Advanced Oxidation ◽

Bromide Ions ◽

The Impact

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The reaction of lignin model compounds during enzymatic bleaching with a Curvularia verruculosa haloperoxidase: impact on chlorination

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2018-0283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 156-165

Author(s):

Owik M. Herold-Majumdar ◽

Pedro E.G. Loureiro ◽

René Ullrich ◽

Claus Felby

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Chloride ◽

High Performance ◽

Bond Cleavage ◽

Veratryl Alcohol ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Adsorbable Organic Halides ◽

Organic Halides ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Lignin Model ◽

Curvularia Verruculosa

AbstractRecent developments in enzymatic bleaching processes have led to replacement strategies of harsh chemicals by haloperoxidases. For this purpose, it is important to control the haloperoxidase-mediated formation of adsorbable organic halides (AOX). In this study, we studied the chlorination of monomeric and dimeric lignin model substrates. Guaiacol, acetovanillone, veratryl alcohol, pinoresinol and adlerol were treated with Curvularia verruculosa haloperoxidase and compared to a sodium hypochlorite treatment. High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) analysis was employed for the characterization of the reaction products. Our results show that while treatment with haloperoxidases in the presence of sodium chloride and hydrogen peroxide leads to no improvement in AOX formation compared to chemical treatment with NaOCl, addition of ammonium chloride substantially lessens chlorination and promotes β-O-4 ether bond cleavage. The use of ammonium chloride in conjunction with enzymatic haloperoxidase-based bleaching could be a route to minimize lignin chlorination.

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PACTTM process for treatment of kraft mill effluent

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0539 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (2-3) ◽

pp. 283-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. M. Narbaitz ◽

R. L. Droste ◽

L. Fernandes ◽

K. J. Kennedy ◽

D. Ball

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Activated Sludge Process ◽

Conventional Activated Sludge ◽

Adsorbable Organic Halides ◽

Organic Halides ◽

Solids Retention ◽

Year 2000

The PACTTM process (powdered activated carbon addition to the activated sludge process) was evaluated for the treatment of Kraft pulp mill wastewater in a series of bench scale experiments. Possibly due to the relatively low strength wastewater, the PACTTM process with carbon doses between 0.5 and 1.0 g/L of influent only performed marginally better than the conventional activated sludge process. Chemical oxygen demand and toxicity, evaluated with the Microtox® assay, were among the parameters monitored. For the operating conditions tested the solids retention time had no impact on performance. The main improvement was increased in adsorbable organic halides (AOX) removal, the magnitude of the improvement was dependent on the wastewater batch and the carbon dose. However conventional activated sludge treatment will meet Ontario's year 2000 AOX regulations. An empirical model from the literature described the data fairly well.

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Reducing the formation of adsorbable organic halides using an ammonium thiosulfate chlorine dioxide bleaching process

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.4.8677-8688 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 8677-8688

Author(s):

Yan Li ◽

Liming Cao ◽

Kaiqi Gu ◽

Xinyue Wang ◽

Yunbiao Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bleaching Agent ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Bleaching Process ◽

Ammonium Thiosulfate ◽

Adsorbable Organic Halides ◽

Organic Halides ◽

Effective Reduction ◽

Optimal Reaction

Reducing the formation of adsorbable organic halides during chlorine dioxide bleaching (the first stage chlorine dioxide bleaching, D0) is necessary to obtain clean bleaching processes. A new bleaching agent, ammonium thiosulfate (AT), was investigated to determine its potential for reducing the amount of adsorbable organic halides (AOX). Upon investigating the optimal reaction conditions for an effective reduction in AOX, the authors determined that adding 0.20% of AT 10 min after the beginning of the bleaching reaction, while maintaining a pH of 4 and a temperature of 70°C, yielded the best results. Under these conditions, AOX formation decreased by 22.0%. The bleaching effluent after the addition of AT was analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which showed an inhibited production rate of chlorobenzene and chlorophenol, which are both highly toxic and difficult-to-degrade compounds. Therefore, AT not only reduces AOX formation during the bleaching process, but also minimizes the difficulty of treating bleaching effluent. The results of this study provided a new, clean method for reducing AOX formation during chlorine dioxide bleaching.

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Kandungan Hexenuronic Acid pada Pulp serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Kualitas Pulp dan Air Limbah: Tinjauan

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v8i02.238 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (02) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Andri Taufick Rizaluddin ◽

Krisna Septiningrum

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Kappa Number ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Bleaching Process ◽

Adsorbable Organic Halides ◽

Organic Halides ◽

Cooking Process ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

Organic Chlorine ◽

Hexenuronic Acid

Proses pemasakan kayu dengan cara alkali aktif akan menghasilkan hexenuronic acid (HexA) yang berasal dari grup glucuronoxylan, tepatnya 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan pada hemiselulosa. Proses hidrolisis HexA menghasilkan dua jenis senyawa furan, yaitu 2-furancarboxylic acid (FA) dan 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA). Proses hidrolisis HexA hasil proses pemasakan dan terkandung dalam pulp dan kertas merupakan salah satu penyebab proses penguningan pada kertas akibat adanya paparan kelembapan dan panas dari lingkungan. Selain itu, kandungan HexA pada pulp juga dapat meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kimia pada proses produksi pulp dan kertas, terutama pada proses pemutihan dan pengujian parameter bilangan Kappa, serta dapat berkontribusi pada kandungan senyawa organik klorin terlarut dalam air limbah industri pulp dan kertas. Metode untuk menurunkan kandungan HexA dari pulp dan kertas antara lain dengan mengaplikasikan proses oksidatif kimia pada proses pemutihan atau dengan menggunakan proses enzimatis. Kandungan HexA yang rendah, akan dapat mempertahankan pulp dan kertas dari terjadinya proses penguningan, menghemat konsumsi bahan kimia serta menurunkan kandungan adsorbable organic halides (AOX) pada air limbah.Kata kunci: hexenuronic acid, pemasakan kayu, bilangan Kappa, AOX, enzimatis Hexenuronic Acid Content on Pulp and its Effects on Pulp Quality and Wastewater: a ReviewAbstractThe wood active alkali cooking process will produce hexenuronic acid (HexA) originating from 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan of the glucuronoxylan group in hemicellulose. Hydrolysis process of HexA produces two types of furan compounds, namely 2-furancarboxylic acid (FA) and 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA). The HexA hydrolysis process contained in pulp and paper resulting from the cooking process is one of the causes of the yellowing process on paper due to exposure to moisture and heat from the environment. In addition, the HexA content of pulp can also increase the consumption of chemicals in the pulp and paper production process, especially in the bleaching process and testing of Kappa number parameters, and can also contribute to the content of organic chlorine soluble compounds in the waste water of the pulp and paper industry. There are several methods for reducing the HexA content of pulp and paper including by applying the oxidative chemical process to the bleaching process or by using an enzymatic process. Low HexA content, will be able to maintain pulp and paper from the occurrence of the pulp yellowing process, save on chemical consumption and reduce the adsorbable organic halides (AOX) content in wastewater.Keywords: hexenuronic acid, wood cooking, Kappa number, AOX, enzymatic

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