Nitrogen leakages and vegetable dry matter yield in a subtropical wetland soil amended with cattle manure and mineral nitrogen fertiliser

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnson Masaka ◽  
Eliton Chivandi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Subtropical Wetland

Effect of weeds and nitrogen fertiliser on yield and grain protein concentration of wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
RW Madin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Field trials at Beverley (19911, Salmon Gums (1991; 2 sites) and Merredin (1992; 2 sites), each with 5 rates of nitrogen (N) and 3 levels of weed control, were used to investigate the effect of weeds and N on wheat grain yield and protein concentration during 1991 and 1992. Weeds in the study were grasses (G) and broadleaf (BL). Weeds reduced both vegetative dry matter yield and grain yield of wheat at all sites except for dry matter at Merredin (BL). Nitrogen fertiliser increased wheat dry matter yield at all sites. Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield at Beverley and Merredin (BL), but decreased yield at both Salmon Gums sites in 1991. Nitrogen fertiliser increased grain protein concentration at all 5 sites-at all rates for 3 sites [Salmon Gums (G) and (BL) and Merredin (G)] and at rates of 69 kg N/ha or more at the other 2 sites [Beverley and Merredin (BL)]. However, the effect of weeds on grain protein varied across sites. At Merredin (G) protein concentration was higher where there was no weed control, possibly due to competition for soil moisture by the greater weed burden. At Salmon Gums (G), grain protein concentration was greater when weeds were controlled than in the presence of weeds, probably due to competition for N between crop and weeds. In the other 3 trials, there was no effect of weeds on grain protein. The effect of weeds on grain protein appears complex and depends on competition between crop and weeds for N and for water at the end of the season, and the interaction between the two.

scholarly journals Establishment of Sufficiency Ranges to Determine the Nutritional Status of ‘Gigante’ Forage Cactus Pear—Micronutrients

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean F. T. Alves ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Paulo E. R. Donato ◽  
João Abel da Silva ◽  
Bruno V. C. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Production Cycles

Micronutrient sufficiency ranges are of great importance in crop nutritional diagnosing for improved fertilizer recommendations under field conditions. The objective of this paper was establishing the micronutrients ranges in the cladodes for the evaluation of the nutritional status of ‘Gigante’ forage cactus pear. Micronutrients contents in cladodes and dry matter yield of 72 plots were used. The experiment was composed of four cattle manure rates (0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1), three spacings (l.00 × 0.50, 2.00 × 0.25, and 3.00 × 1.00 × 0.25 m), and two production cycles, in a 4 × 3 × 2 factorial plan, designed in randomized blocks, with three replicates. Sufficiency ranges of plots with dry matter ≥ 19.93 Mg ha-1 cycle-1 were determined as well as the mathematical chance for plots with dry matter ≥ 23.75 Mg ha-1 cycle-1 and the critical level. The sufficiency range, critical level and mathematical chance are, respectively, for each micronutrient, in mg kg-1: B, 22.3-32.7; 23.7; 20.36-27.94; Cu, 2.0-3.7; 1.6; 1.8-2.8; Fe, 61.1-126.6; 62.0; 35.8-85.3; Mn, 260.0-507.7; 111.0; 54.8-252.2; Zn, 34.5-57.8; 30.3; 19.7-48.5; and, Na, 29.8-56.2; 19.4; 26.6-42.7. For B, Zn, and Na, the sufficiency range, mathematical chance, and the critical level are adequate; for Cu, Fe, and Mn, the critical level and mathematical chance are more adequate for nutritional evaluation of `Gigante` forage cactus pear, associated with dry matter yield ranging from 21.8 to 31.2 Mg ha-1 cycle-1.

An evaluation of indices of available soil nitrogen

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Storrier ◽  
AT Hanly ◽  
HI Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer

Various chemical and biological measures of available soil nitrogen were evaluated as potential soil tests by estimating their relationship with the dry matter production and nitrogen uptake of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) from twelve soils treated with several rates of nitrate fertilizer. The response of the ryegrass to fertilizer was similar for all soils, and did not show any relationship with the soil tests. However, the mean dry matter yield and mean nitrogen uptake for all treatments were significantly related to some of these tests. Generally, soil nitrogen indices that measured total mineral nitrogen at planting or included this value with an estimate of the potentially available organic nitrogen gave the higher correlations. Incubation nitrogen values gave lower correlations. The best index of available soil nitrogen was based on a multiple regression involving total mineral nitrogen and alkali-permanganate soluble nitrogen. It accounted for 92 and 96 per cent of the variation in dry matter yield and plant nitrogen uptake respectively.

scholarly journals Different combinations of perennial ryegrass and white clover phenotypes do not affect mixture yield under cutting management during establishment

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
L. Rossi ◽  
D.F. Chapman ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Pasture Yield

Abstract A field experiment was conducted for 12 months under irrigation and cutting management to determine if interactions between perennial ryegrass and white clover cultivars of different phenotypes could affect pasture yield and botanical composition during establishment. Four ryegrass and four clover cultivars, differing in leaf and tiller/stolon traits, were grown in all combinations (n=16), along with monocultures of each (n=8), as sub-plots under two nitrogen fertiliser levels (100 or 325 kg N/ha/ year). Dry matter yield and botanical composition were measured on nine occasions and ryegrass and clover population densities were determined four times. Total annual yield was similar for all mixture combinations due to substitution between the sward components. While there were significant yield differences among ryegrass or clover cultivar monocultures, these seldom explained differences in mixture yields. Mixtures yielded more DM than ryegrass monocultures under both N treatments (+1.3 to +3.9 t DM/ha/year). Keywords: perennial ryegrass, white clover, dairy, dry matter yield, nitrogen fertiliser, phenotype, competition

Herbage dry-matter yield and nitrogen concentration of grass, legume and herb species grown at different nitrogen-fertiliser rates under irrigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Martin ◽  
Grant Edwards ◽  
Rachael Bryant ◽  
Miriam Hodge ◽  
Jim Moir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Herb Species

An important goal in dairy systems is to increase production while achieving environmental targets associated with lower nitrate leaching from soils. One approach is to identify forages that grow more at a given level of nitrogen (N) input and result in a lower N intake per kilogram dry matter (DM) consumed. However, while N responses have been well described for perennial ryegrasses, less information is available for alternative grasses, legumes and herbs. In the present study, conducted on the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand, six species (perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, white clover, lucerne, chicory and plantain) were grown at six N-fertiliser rates ranging from 0 to 450 kg N/ha.year and managed under irrigation and cutting management. Herbage DM yield and N concentration were measured over 12 months. As N-fertiliser rate increased from 0 to 450 kg N/ha, annual herbage yield increased linearly (from 4794 to 14 329 kg DM/ha.year in grasses and from 7146 to 13 177 kg DM/ha.year in herbs). In contrast, annual herbage yield for legumes was unaffected by N-fertiliser rate and ranged from 11 874 to 13 112 kg DM/ha. Additionally, there were contrasting responses in herbage N concentration between species. At all N-fertiliser rates, herbage N concentration was highest in legumes (43.4 g N/kg DM), then herbs (30.7 g N/kg DM), and lowest in grasses (25.8 g N/kg DM). The N concentration of legume DM was unaffected by increasing N-fertiliser rate, whereas in grasses and herbs it increased. Results suggested that there were no benefits in using herbs instead of grasses for reducing N intake in livestock in an irrigated Canterbury environment.

scholarly journals Production, nutritional status and chemical properties of soils with addition of cattle manure, reactive natural phosphate and biotite schist in Massai cultivar

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1883-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adônis Moreira ◽  
Nand Kumar Fageria ◽  
Gilberto Batista de Souza ◽  
Alfredo Ribeiro de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Natural Phosphate ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
Biotite Schist ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of cattle manure, reactive natural phosphate and biotite schist on the soil fertility, yield and nutritional status of Megathyrsus spp. cv. Massai. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in a dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol (Oxisol). It was used a randomized block experimental design with the following treatments: three natural reactive rock phosphate from Algeria (Djebel-Onk) doses (0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5), three biotite schist doses (0, 150 and 300 kg ha-1 of K2O) and three cattle manure doses (0, 20 and 40 t ha-1). The application of natural phosphate increased dry matter yield, however, application of cattle manure and biotite schist did not influence this variable. Foliar levels of nitrogen, potassium and magnesium (cattle manure), phosphorous and boron (natural rock phosphate) and potassium (biotite schist) were influenced by the applied fertilizer doses. Only the levels of phosphorous in the soil and in the plant and levels of magnesium and boron in the plant show interaction with dry matter yield of Massai cultivar.

Growth and yield of sugar beet on contrasting soils in relation to nitrogen supply: II. Growth, uptake and leaching of nitrogen

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Last ◽  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen

SUMMARYNine field experiments with sugar beet in 1968–70 tested eight amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (0–290 kg N/ha) on a shallow calcareous loam (Icknield Series), on a deep sandy loam (Newport Series) and on a heavy clay loam (Evesham Series). The amount of mineral nitrogen in the top and sub-soils was determined before applying fertilizer and at monthly intervals from May to October in plots given 0, 125 and 250 kg N/ha. The crop on these plots was also sampled at monthly intervals throughout the growing season and the yield and nitrogen uptake determined. The soil analyses indicated that in springs with average rainfall, the leaching losses of nitrogen fertilizer are negligibly small, although there was some evidence that losses may be greatest on sandy loams. In very wet springs such as 1969, with almost double the normal rainfall, losses through leaching are considerable – on average, 40 kg N/ha. Dry-matter yields and response to nitrogen fertilizer differed between the three soils consistently from year to year. On the calcareous loam, neither amount of fertilizer changed the dry-matter yield of roots in any year. The crop on the clay loam needed a small dressing and on the sandy loam a larger dressing of fertilizer for maximum root dry-matter yield. Uptake of nitrogen by the crops usually paralleled the decreases in soil mineral nitrogen although on the clay loam nearly a third of the nitrogen applied could not be accounted for in the soil or plants, suggesting that some denitrification may have taken place. When the amount of nitrogen taken up by unfertilized crops is allowed for, the percentage recovery of applied fertilizer nitrogen at final harvest ranged from 42% on the calcareous loams to 62% on the sandy loams.

scholarly journals Establishment of Sufficiency Ranges to Determine the Nutritional Status of ‘Gigante’ Forage Cactus Pear—Macronutrients

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean F. T. Alves ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Paulo E. R. Donato ◽  
João Abel da Silva ◽  
Bruno V. C. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Production Cycles

Determining the sufficiency range of essential macronutrients in plants is of utmost importance for successfully diagnosing the crop’s nutrient demands, thereby improving fertilizer recommendations. The aim of this study was to establish the macronutrients ranges in the cladodes for the evaluation of the nutritional status of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. Macronutrients contents of cladodes and dry matter yield in 72 plots were used. The experiment consisted of four cattle manure rates (0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1), three spacings (1.00 × 0.50, 2.00 × 0.25, and 3.00 × 1.00 × 0.25 m) and two production cycles, arranged in a 4 × 3 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, and three replicates. Sufficiency ranges of plots with dry matter ≥ 19.93 Mg ha-1 cycle-1 were determined as well as the mathematical chance for plots with dry matter ≥ 23.75 Mg ha-1 cycle-1 and the critical level. The sufficiency ranges, critical level and mathematical chance are, respectively, for each nutrient in g kg-1: N, 12.7-18.5; 14.4; 15.5-19.7; P, 1.0-1.8; 1.0; 0.4-1.7; K, 31.6-44.1; 31.9; 33.7-39.7; Ca, 23.2-32.8; 24.6; 25.0-29.6; Mg, 9.5-14.3; 10.2; 7.4-14.0; and S, 1.1-2.0; 1,1; 1.0-1.8. The mathematical chance model was adequate for all macronutrients except for P and Mg which showed low sufficiency range values. Sufficiency range and critical level of nutrients are useful for diagnosing macronutrient contents and improving the nutritional status of ‘Gigante’ forage cactus pear.

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