The effect of high‐ and low‐intensity warm‐up on the physiological responses to a standardized swim and tethered swimming performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Mitchell ◽  
J.S. Huston
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Low Intensity

scholarly journals Warm-Up Intensity Does Not Affect the Ergogenic Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate in Adult Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Jones ◽  
Trent Stellingwerff ◽  
Paul Swinton ◽  
Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽  
Bryan Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Blind Trials

This study determined the influence of a high- (HI) versus low-intensity (LI) cycling warm-up on blood acid-base responses and exercise capacity following ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (SB; 0.3 g/kg body mass) or a placebo (PLA; maltodextrin) 3 hr prior to warm-up. Twelve men (21 ± 2 years, 79.2 ± 3.6 kg body mass, and maximum power output [Wmax] 318 ± 36 W) completed a familiarization and four double-blind trials in a counterbalanced order: HI warm-up with SB, HI warm-up with PLA, LI warm-up with SB, and LI warm-up with PLA. LI warm-up was 15 min at 60% Wmax, while the HI warm-up (typical of elites) featured LI followed by 2 × 30 s (3-min break) at Wmax, finishing 30 min prior to a cycling capacity test at 110% Wmax. Blood bicarbonate and lactate were measured throughout. SB supplementation increased blood bicarbonate (+6.4 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, CI [5.7, 7.1]) prior to greater reductions with HI warm-up (−3.8 mmol/L; 95% CI [−5.8, −1.8]). However, during the 30-min recovery, blood bicarbonate rebounded and increased in all conditions, with concentrations ∼5.3 mmol/L greater with SB supplementation (p < .001). Blood bicarbonate significantly declined during the cycling capacity test at 110%Wmax with greater reductions following SB supplementation (−2.4 mmol/L; 95% CI [−3.8, −0.90]). Aligned with these results, SB supplementation increased total work done during the cycling capacity test at 110% Wmax (+8.5 kJ; 95% CI [3.6, 13.4], ∼19% increase) with no significant main effect of warm-up intensity (+0.0 kJ; 95% CI [−5.0, 5.0]). Collectively, the results demonstrate that SB supplementation can improve HI cycling capacity irrespective of prior warm-up intensity, likely due to blood alkalosis.

Swimming performance and physiological responses of juvenile Cojinoba Seriolella violacea in hypoxic conditions

Aquaculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 737560
Author(s):  
Sebastián Messina-Henríquez ◽  
Álvaro Aguirre ◽  
Katherina Brokordt ◽  
Héctor Flores ◽  
Marcia Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions

Physiological responses to cold stress during prolonged intermittent low- and high-intensity walking

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. R2025-R2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Weller ◽  
C. E. Millard ◽  
M. A. Stroud ◽  
P. L. Greenhaff ◽  
I. A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Walking Exercise

In a previous study [Am. J. Physiol. 272 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 41): R226-R233, 1997], the physiological responses to 240 min of intermittent low-intensity walking exercise in a cold (+5 degrees C), wet, and windy environment (Cold) may have been influenced by a 120-min preceding phase of intermittent higher-intensity exercise. Furthermore, the physiological responses observed during this latter phase may have been different if it had been more prolonged. To address these questions, active men attempted a 360-min intermittent (15 min of rest, 45 min of exercise) exercise protocol in Cold and a thermoneutral environment (+15 degrees C, Neutral) at a low (0% grade, 5 km/h; Low; n = 14) and a higher (10% grade, 6 km/h; High; n = 10) intensity. During Low, rectal temperature was lower in Cold than in Neutral, whereas O2 consumption, carbohydrate oxidation, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, and blood lactate were higher. During High, Cold had a similar but less marked influence on the thermoregulatory responses to exercise than during Low. In conclusion, the physiological responses to Low are similarly influenced by Cold whether or not they are preceded by High. Furthermore, during intermittent exercise up to an intensity of approximately 60% of peak O2 consumption, a cold, wet, and windy environment will influence the physiological responses to exercise and potentially impair performance.

Effect of Tethered Swimming as Postactivation Potentiation on Swimming Performance and Technical, Hemophysiological, and Psychophysiological Variables in Adolescent Swimmers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zied Abbes ◽  
Monoem Haddad ◽  
Khalid W. Bibi ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Cyril Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Warm Up

Objectives: To investigate whether tethered swimming (TS) performed 8 minutes before a 50-m freestyle swimming sprint could be an effective postactivation potentiation method to improve performance in young swimmers. Methods: Fourteen regional-level male adolescent swimmers (age 13.0 [2.0] y; height 161.1 [12.4] cm; body mass 52.5 [9.5] kg) underwent 2 trial conditions in a randomized and counterbalanced order (1 experimental [TS], 1 control) on different days. During the experimental session, the participants performed a standard warm-up of 1200 m followed by a TS exercise, which consisted of 3 × 10-second maximal efforts of TS with 1-minute rests between bouts. In the control condition, the warm-up phase was immediately followed by 200 m at a moderate pace (same duration as the TS in the experimental session). Performance (time trial); biomechanical (stroke length), physiological (blood lactate concentrations), and psychophysiological (ratings of perceived exertion) variables; and countermovement-jump (CMJ) flight time were collected. Results: TS warm-up had no significant effect on 50-m swimming performance (P = .27), postexercise ratings of perceived exertion, stroke length, or CMJ flight time (P ≥ .05). Blood lactate concentrations significantly increased at the end of the warm-up in the TS condition only (interaction effect: F1.91,29.91 = 4.91, P = .01, η2 = .27) and after the 50-m trial in both conditions (F1.57,20.41 = 62.39, P = .001, η2 = .82). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that 3 × 10-second TS exercises performed 8 minutes prior to the event did not affect ratings of perceived exertion, stroke length, or CMJ flight time. In addition, tethered swimming did not affect 50-m freestyle sprint performance in young swimmers.

Training Methods and Intensity Distribution of Young World-Class Rowers

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guellich Arne ◽  
Seiler Stephen ◽  
Emrich Eike
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
World Class ◽  
International Success ◽  
Training Organization

Purpose:To describe the distribution of exercise types and rowing intensity in successful junior rowers and its relation to later senior success.Methods:36 young German male rowers (31 international, 5 national junior finalists; 19.2 ± 1.4 y; 10.9 ± 1.6 training sessions per week) reported the volumes of defined exercise and intensity categories in a diary over 37 wk. Training categories were analyzed as aggregates over the whole season and also broken down into defined training periods. Training organization was compared between juniors who attained national and international senior success 3 y later.Results:Total training time consisted of 52% rowing, 23% resistance exercise, 17% alternative training, and 8% warm-up programs. Based on heart rate control, 95% of total rowing was performed at intensities corresponding to <2 mmol·L-1, 2% at 2 to 4 mmol·L-1, and 3% at >4 mmol·L-1 blood lactate. Low-intensity work remained widely unchanged at ~95% throughout the season. In the competition period, the athletes exhibited a shift within <2 mmol exercise toward lower intensity and within the remaining ~5% of total rowing toward more training near maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) intensity. Retrospectively, among subjects going on to international success 3 y later had their training differed significantly from their peers only in slightly higher volumes at both margins of the intensity scope.Conclusion:The young world-class rowers monitored here exhibit a constant emphasis on low-intensity steady-state rowing exercise, and a progressive polarization in the competition period. Possible mechanisms underlying a potential association between intensity polarization and later success require further investigation.

Acute effects of prolonged intermittent low-intensity isometric warm-up schemes on jump, sprint, and agility performance in collegiate soccer players

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Pojskic ◽  
Jeffrey Pagaduan ◽  
Fuad Babajic ◽  
Edin Uzicanin ◽  
Melika Muratovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Low Intensity

Physiological Responses To Resistance Training In Cardiac Patients: Impact Of Differing Warm-up Procedures

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 27-28
Author(s):  
Jenna Brinks ◽  
Barry Franklin ◽  
Tom Spring ◽  
Roger Hardy ◽  
Judith Boura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Warm Up

The Mediational Mole of Social Influence in the Perception of Exertion

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Hardy ◽  
Evelyn G. Hall ◽  
Perry H. Prestholdt
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Mediational Role

Two experiments are reported that investigate the mediational role of social influence in the self-perception of exertion. In Experiment 1, subjects performed three 15-min trials on a cycle ergometer at 25%, 50%, and 75% VO2max, both in the presence of another performer (a coactor) and alone. The results indicated that subjects reported lower RPEs when performing with another, particularly at the moderate (50%) intensity. In Experiment 2, subjects performed one 15-min trial at 50% of VO2max, both alone and in the presence of another performer (coactor) exhibiting nonverbal "cues" that the work was either extremely easy or extremely difficult. The results indicated that subjects exposed to the low-intensity cue information reported lower RPEs than when performing alone. Mo significant differences were noted for those subjects exposed to the high-intensity cue information. These findings are discussed in terms of a self-presentational analysis. That such effects were evidenced without physiological responses (VO2, VE, HR) accompanying them supports the notion that psychological variables can play a significant role in the self-perception of exertion. These results, however, are limited to untrained individuals exercising at moderate intensities.

The effect of controlled warm-up exercises on the crawl swimming performance of under-15 male waterpolo players

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
David Sabor ◽  
Catherine Moll
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Muscle Temperature ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Passive Stretching ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
Positive Effect

The effect of controlled warm-up exercises on crawl swimming performance was determined in 31 under-15 male water polo players. The study employed a two-group crossover design in which the subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group swam a 50m crawl sprint with no preliminary warm-up, followed two days later by a 50m crawl sprint with a preliminary controlled warm-up. The other group did the two swims in reverse order. The controlled warm-up programme consisted of approximately 4 minutes of dynamic exercise and 8 minutes of passive stretching. Results showed a decrease in performance times of 71% of the subjects after exposure to a controlled warm-up programme. This positive effect was attributed to the increase in muscle temperature, leading to an increase in the speed of muscle contraction, smoother muscle contraction and improved strength of muscle contraction. Thus it was concluded that controlled warm-up exercises have a positive effect on the crawl swimming performance of under 15 male water polo players.

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