Ochratoxin A concentrations in food and feed from a region with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Abouzied ◽  
A. D. Horvath ◽  
P. M. Podlesny ◽  
N. P. Regina ◽  
V. D. Metodiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy

scholarly journals Rat Tumour Histopathology Associated with Experimental Chronic Dietary Exposure to Ochratoxin A in Prediction of the Mycotoxin’s Risk for Human Cancers

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Diana Herman ◽  
Peter Mantle
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Tract Cancer ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Human Nephropathy

Mammalian animal toxicity of ochratoxin A (OTA) has focused largely in the past half-century on pigs because of initial recognition of it as a principal cause of intermittent growth suppression and renal disease caused by mouldy feed. Subsequent classical toxicology has used laboratory rodents because renal pathology in pigs raised questions concerning possible involvement in the human idiopathic bilateral renal atrophy of Balkan endemic nephropathy for which OTA was a focus of attention for human nephropathy through 1980s and into 2000s. Emphasis on human nephropathy has more recently concerned the plant metabolite aristolochic acid. Recognition that agricultural management can often minimise food and feed-stuff spoilage by OTA-producing Aspergilli and Penicillia has moderated some of the risks for animals. Legislation for human food safety combined with sophisticated analysis generally provides safety in the developed world. Chronic experimental exposure of male rats, in the absence of clinical dis-ease, specifically causes renal cancer. The possibility of this as a unique model for the human has generated considerable experimental evidence which may be more directly relevant for carcinogenesis in the complex kidney than that obtained from biochemical toxicities in vitro. Nevertheless, there does not appear to be any case of human renal or urinary tract cancer for which there is verified etiological proof for causation by OTA, contrary to much claim in the literature. To contribute to such debate, histopathology review of OTA/rat renal cancers, augmented where appropriate by immune profiles, has been completed for all remaining tumours in our research archive. Overall consistency of positivity for vimentin, is matched with occasional positives either for CD10 or the cytokeratin MNF 116. The current situation is discussed. Suggestion that OTA could cause human testicular cancer has also been challenged as unsupported by any experimental findings in rats, where the Leydig cell tumour immune profile does not match that of human germ cell neoplasms.

scholarly journals A Journey Through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Ochratoxin A Interactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lada Rumora ◽  
Tihana Grubišić
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Cytotoxic Action ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
A Cell

A Journey Through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Ochratoxin A InteractionsOchratoxin A (OTA) is a ubiquitous mycotoxin with potential nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, and cytotoxic action. It has been proposed that OTA might be involved in the development of Balkan endemic nephropathy, which is associated with an increased risk of urinary tract tumours, and of other forms of interstitial nephritis. Cell susceptibility to OTA mainly depends on mycotoxin concentrations, duration of exposure, and intracellular molecular and genetic context. OTA can affect a cell by stimulating or inhibiting certain signalling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Three major mammalian MAPKs have been described: extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. All MAPKs regulate diverse cellular programmes, but in most cases ERKs have been linked to cell survival, while JNKs, and p38 MAPKs have been implicated in cell death by apoptosis. This review looks into OTA-mediated MAPK activation and its effects.

Ochratoxin A in human blood in relation to nephropathy in Tunisia

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Maaroufi ◽  
A. Achour ◽  
M. Hammami ◽  
M. El May ◽  
AM Betbeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Interstitial Nephropathy

The determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in human blood in Tunisian populations is underway. The range of conta mination is between 0.7 to 7.8 ng ml-1 for the general popu lation and 12 to 55 ng ml-1 for people suffering from chron ic renal failure. It appears that 21 to 64% of people suffer ing from nephropathy are OTA positive with a detection limit of 1ng ml-1. This situation prompted us to search for possible association of OTA contamination and nephropa thy resembling Balkan endemic nephropathy. The classifi cation of the ill population into chronic interstitial nephropathy (CIN), chronic glomerular nephropathy (CGN), chronic vascular nephropathy (CVN) and others, indicated that the largest is the CIN group which is signifi cantly different from the other groups, and from the con trol (P < 0.005). Furthermore, it presented the highest OTA mean values (25 to 59 ng ml-1) compared with the control, CGN, CVN and other groups (6 to 18 ng ml-1) according to the designated region in Tunisia. The rural population seems to be more exposed to ochratoxins in Tunisia, as has been previously reported in the Balkans and Western Europe. Altogether, these results emphasise that in Tunisia an endemic ochratoxin-related nephropathy is probably occurring.

Ochratoxin A in human blood and Balkan endemic nephropathy

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Hult ◽  
Radovan Pleština ◽  
Vlasta Habazin-Novak ◽  
Božica Radić ◽  
Stjepan Čeović
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy

scholarly journals Ochratoxin A in foods of animal origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GOVARIS (Α. ΓΚΟΒΑΡΗΣ) ◽  
N. SOLOMAKOS (Ν. ΣΟΛΩΜΑΚΟΣ) ◽  
A. PAXARA (Α. ΠΕΞΑΡΑ)
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Carcinogenic Action ◽  
Pork Kidney ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungi Aspergillus ochraceus καιPénicillium verrucosum. OTA shows a nephrotoxic, teratogenic, immunotoxic and carcinogenic action against animals and humans. In humans, OTA is implicated in the aetiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. OTA can be mainly found in foods of animal origin as a result of indirect transmission from animals exposed to naturally contaminated feed. Results from research works in various countries showed that the  pork meat was the most important source of human contamination with OTA, as compared to other products of animal origin. Sausages containing blood or pork kidney presented the highest amounts of OTA among other food products of animal origin. The presence of OTA in cow's milk was rather low, since the bacteria in the rumen of ruminants are capable of splitting OTA to ochratoxin a, which is generally accepted as no toxic metabolite. The European Union has not yet set limits of ochratoxin in foods of animal origin, in contrast to these of limits in foods of plant origin.

Ochratoxin A in human plasma in Morocco: a preliminary survey

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Filali ◽  
A M Betbeder ◽  
I Baudrimont ◽  
A Benayada ◽  
R Soulaymani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
North African Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Available epidemiological information seems to indicate that Balkan endemic nephropathy is associated with consumption patterns involving foodstuffs contaminated with ochratoxin A (OTA) and with a higher frequency of OTA-positive blood samples. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess OTA concentrations in human plasma in Morocco. Therefore, samples from 309 healthy volunteers (213 males, 96 females) were analysed. The analyses revealed that 60% of the human plasma sampled was positive for OTA (61.5% in the male and 56% in the female population), and an average concentration of 0.29 ng// /mL (0.31 ng///mL in males, 0.26 ng// /mL in females). The highest concentration found was 6.59 ng// /mL. The results suggest that the Moroccan population is exposed to OTA, even though the OTA plasma levels are lower than that reported in some North African countries.

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