Ochratoxin A in human blood in relation to Balkan endemic nephropathy and urinary system tumours in Bulgaria

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1788
Author(s):  
T. Petkova-Bocharova ◽  
M. Castegnaro
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy

Ochratoxin A in human blood in relation to nephropathy in Tunisia

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Maaroufi ◽  
A. Achour ◽  
M. Hammami ◽  
M. El May ◽  
AM Betbeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Interstitial Nephropathy

The determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in human blood in Tunisian populations is underway. The range of conta mination is between 0.7 to 7.8 ng ml-1 for the general popu lation and 12 to 55 ng ml-1 for people suffering from chron ic renal failure. It appears that 21 to 64% of people suffer ing from nephropathy are OTA positive with a detection limit of 1ng ml-1. This situation prompted us to search for possible association of OTA contamination and nephropa thy resembling Balkan endemic nephropathy. The classifi cation of the ill population into chronic interstitial nephropathy (CIN), chronic glomerular nephropathy (CGN), chronic vascular nephropathy (CVN) and others, indicated that the largest is the CIN group which is signifi cantly different from the other groups, and from the con trol (P < 0.005). Furthermore, it presented the highest OTA mean values (25 to 59 ng ml-1) compared with the control, CGN, CVN and other groups (6 to 18 ng ml-1) according to the designated region in Tunisia. The rural population seems to be more exposed to ochratoxins in Tunisia, as has been previously reported in the Balkans and Western Europe. Altogether, these results emphasise that in Tunisia an endemic ochratoxin-related nephropathy is probably occurring.

Ochratoxin A in human blood and Balkan endemic nephropathy

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Hult ◽  
Radovan Pleština ◽  
Vlasta Habazin-Novak ◽  
Božica Radić ◽  
Stjepan Čeović
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy

scholarly journals A Journey Through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Ochratoxin A Interactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lada Rumora ◽  
Tihana Grubišić
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Cytotoxic Action ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
A Cell

A Journey Through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Ochratoxin A InteractionsOchratoxin A (OTA) is a ubiquitous mycotoxin with potential nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, and cytotoxic action. It has been proposed that OTA might be involved in the development of Balkan endemic nephropathy, which is associated with an increased risk of urinary tract tumours, and of other forms of interstitial nephritis. Cell susceptibility to OTA mainly depends on mycotoxin concentrations, duration of exposure, and intracellular molecular and genetic context. OTA can affect a cell by stimulating or inhibiting certain signalling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Three major mammalian MAPKs have been described: extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. All MAPKs regulate diverse cellular programmes, but in most cases ERKs have been linked to cell survival, while JNKs, and p38 MAPKs have been implicated in cell death by apoptosis. This review looks into OTA-mediated MAPK activation and its effects.

Ochratoxin A concentrations in food and feed from a region with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Abouzied ◽  
A. D. Horvath ◽  
P. M. Podlesny ◽  
N. P. Regina ◽  
V. D. Metodiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy

scholarly journals Ochratoxin A in foods of animal origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GOVARIS (Α. ΓΚΟΒΑΡΗΣ) ◽  
N. SOLOMAKOS (Ν. ΣΟΛΩΜΑΚΟΣ) ◽  
A. PAXARA (Α. ΠΕΞΑΡΑ)
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Carcinogenic Action ◽  
Pork Kidney ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungi Aspergillus ochraceus καιPénicillium verrucosum. OTA shows a nephrotoxic, teratogenic, immunotoxic and carcinogenic action against animals and humans. In humans, OTA is implicated in the aetiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. OTA can be mainly found in foods of animal origin as a result of indirect transmission from animals exposed to naturally contaminated feed. Results from research works in various countries showed that the  pork meat was the most important source of human contamination with OTA, as compared to other products of animal origin. Sausages containing blood or pork kidney presented the highest amounts of OTA among other food products of animal origin. The presence of OTA in cow's milk was rather low, since the bacteria in the rumen of ruminants are capable of splitting OTA to ochratoxin a, which is generally accepted as no toxic metabolite. The European Union has not yet set limits of ochratoxin in foods of animal origin, in contrast to these of limits in foods of plant origin.

Ochratoxin A in human plasma in Morocco: a preliminary survey

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Filali ◽  
A M Betbeder ◽  
I Baudrimont ◽  
A Benayada ◽  
R Soulaymani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
North African Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Available epidemiological information seems to indicate that Balkan endemic nephropathy is associated with consumption patterns involving foodstuffs contaminated with ochratoxin A (OTA) and with a higher frequency of OTA-positive blood samples. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess OTA concentrations in human plasma in Morocco. Therefore, samples from 309 healthy volunteers (213 males, 96 females) were analysed. The analyses revealed that 60% of the human plasma sampled was positive for OTA (61.5% in the male and 56% in the female population), and an average concentration of 0.29 ng// /mL (0.31 ng///mL in males, 0.26 ng// /mL in females). The highest concentration found was 6.59 ng// /mL. The results suggest that the Moroccan population is exposed to OTA, even though the OTA plasma levels are lower than that reported in some North African countries.

Karyomegaly of tubular kidney cells in human chronic interstitial nephropathy in Tunisia: respective role of Ochratoxin a and possible genetic predisposition

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Hassen ◽  
Salwa Abid-Essafi ◽  
Abdellatif Achour ◽  
Noureddine Guezzah ◽  
Abdelfettah Zakhama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Interstitial Nephropathy ◽  
Renal Tubular

Karyomegalic nephropathy associated to bizarre enlargement of nuclei in renal tubular epithelial cells was first described by Mihatch in 1979. We present herein additional cases occurring in three siblings suffering from chronic interstitial nephropathy (CIN) of unknown aetiology where the renal biopsies showed numerous enlarged and hyperchromatic nuclei. CIN of unknown aetiology has been previously characterized and showed striking similarities with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN). Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin suspected to be the causal agent of the BEN as well as the Tunisian CIN of unknown aetiology. OTA is incriminated in the onset of these disclosed cases of karyomegalic nephropathy since high OTA concentrations were found in blood (505.83 ng/ml, 102.63 ng/ml and 1023 ng/ml) and in urine (94.40 ng/ml and 10.18 ng/ml) of two of them. Moreover, we have investigated OTA in blood and urine as well as in food samples of the entire household (21 people). Our findings suggest (i) a link between OTA and the outcome of this karyomegalic nephropathy, and (ii) the possible involvement of a genetic factor since the three cases have the same haplotype B27/35.

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