The emergence of a market-driven funding mechanism in K-12 education in British Columbia: creeping privatization and the eclipse of equity

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Fallon ◽  
Wendy Poole
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
K 12

scholarly journals Introducing a Market Element into the Funding Mechanism of Public Education in British Columbia: A critical policy analysis of the School Amendment Act, 2002

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Fallon ◽  
Jerald Paquette
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Public Education ◽  
School District ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Public School Districts ◽  
Policy Study ◽  
Critical Policy Analysis ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
Critical Policy

Abstract This policy study explores origins of part 6.1 of Bill 34 (School Amendment Act, 2002) and its impacts on the institutional behaviour of two public school districts in British Columbia. Part 6.1 permits school districts to raise funds through for-profit school district business companies (SDBC). The analysis found several consequences of the policy: lack of accountability of SDBCs, increased fiscal inequity among school districts, and greater responsiveness of school districts to the needs of a globally rather than locally situated community of students.

scholarly journals Impacts of mean annual air temperature change on a regional permafrost probability model for the southern Yukon and northern British Columbia, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Bonnaventure ◽  
A. G. Lewkowicz
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

Abstract. Air temperature changes were applied to a regional model of permafrost probability under equilibrium conditions for an area of nearly 0.5 × 106 km2 in the southern Yukon and northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Associated environmental changes, including snow cover and vegetation, were not considered in the modelling. Permafrost extent increases from 58% of the area (present day: 1971–2000) to 76% under a −1 K cooling scenario, whereas warming scenarios decrease the percentage of permafrost area exponentially to 38% (+ 1 K), 24% (+ 2 K), 17% (+ 3 K), 12% (+ 4 K) and 9% (+ 5 K) of the area. The morphology of permafrost gain/loss under these scenarios is controlled by the surface lapse rate (SLR, i.e. air temperature elevation gradient), which varies across the region below treeline. Areas that are maritime exhibit SLRs characteristically similar above and below treeline resulting in low probabilities of permafrost in valley bottoms. When warming scenarios are applied, a loss front moves to upper elevations (simple unidirectional spatial loss). Areas where SLRs are gently negative below treeline and normal above treeline exhibit a loss front moving up-mountain at different rates according to two separate SLRs (complex unidirectional spatial loss). Areas that display high continentally exhibit bidirectional spatial loss in which the loss front moves up-mountain above treeline and down-mountain below treeline. The parts of the region most affected by changes in MAAT (mean annual air temperature) have SLRs close to 0 K km−1 and extensive discontinuous permafrost, whereas the least sensitive in terms of areal loss are sites above the treeline where permafrost presence is strongly elevation dependent.

scholarly journals Symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in K-12 schools, British Columbia, April to June 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Choi ◽  
Louise Masse ◽  
Samantha Bardwell ◽  
Yanjie Zhao ◽  
Yang Xin Zi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Secondary Transmission ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Close Contacts

We prospectively studied SARS-CoV-2 transmission at schools in an era of Variants of Concern (VoCs), offering all close contacts serial viral asymptomatic testing up to 14 days. Of 229 school close contacts, 3 tested positive (1.3%), of which 2 were detected through asymptomatic testing. Most secondary transmission (90%) occurred in households. Routine asymptomatic testing of close contacts should be examined in the context of local testing rates, preventive measures, programmatic costs, and health impacts of asymptomatic transmission.

scholarly journals Amalgamation of early care and learning and education: a presentation and facilitated discussion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrea Maurice
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Parallel Systems ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Early Care ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
K 12

The intent of this project to create a presentation and facilitation guide to support School Districts with the amalgamation of early care and learning and education into the same Governmental Ministry. The early care and learning system and the kindergarten-grade 12 (K- 12) systems currently sit in two separate government ministries. The project articulates both the parallel systems of the early care and learning and the K-12 systems and preparation of the amalgamation of the two systems. This project examines the historical differences between the two systems, the rights to access early care and learning and different types of governance models. This project will include a PowerPoint presentation and facilitation guide and can be used, as a template, for School Districts in British Columbia to start the initial discussion of this amalgamation with key stakeholders.

scholarly journals Moving From the Margins: Culturally safe teacher education in remote northwestern British Columbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-343
Author(s):  
Edward B. Harrison ◽  
Alexander K. Lautensach ◽  
Verna L. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Teacher Education Program ◽  
Affective Learning ◽  
Cultural Safety ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
The North ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
K 12 ◽  
The University

In 2007 the University of Northern British Columbia initiated a two-year elementary teacher education program at the Northwest Campus in Terrace, British Columbia. The program was designed to meet specific community needs in the North that arise from inequities in the cultural safety of Indigenous teachers and students. The authors share three collegial inquiries into the program’s contribution toward improving cultural safety in K-12 schools and meeting social justice challenges in the region’s communities. Culturally safe allocation of space became better understood, affective learning outcomes were recognized as important determinants of cultural safety, and teacher action in classrooms towards cultural safety was scaffolded for various settings.

scholarly journals A Short History of K-12 Public School Spending in British Columbia, 1970-2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-123
Author(s):  
Jason Ellis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spending Growth ◽  
Teacher Contracts ◽  
K 12

This article looks at fifty years’ worth (1970-2020) of public K-12 education expenditure data from the Canadian province of British Columbia. It asks if spending has increased or decreased in this period and examines the causes and correlates of spending changes. Previous research has tended to assume that spending has decreased during this “neoliberal” period. However, historical and empirical research in this article gives a much different picture. K-12 public education spending in British Columbia – adjusted for inflation – is 250 percent higher in 2020 than it was in 1970. Meanwhile, enrolment in 2020 is only 110 percent of 1970 enrolment. The main cause of spending growth is increase in the number of teachers the system employs, which depended in no small part on the British Columbia Teachers’ Federation (BCTF)’s successful attempts to negotiate class size and composition rules. Other causes of spending growth are provincial and district spending priorities. Successive provincial governments have tried to rein in education spending by legislating cost controls on district spending and teacher contracts but have seldom achieved reductions for long. Spending increases and attempts at cost control are at best only linked partially to governing party ideology, with right-wing and left-wing provincial governments both initiating years of increases and cutbacks. More empirical research is needed, especially into spending’s effects on educational equity and quality, to complete the picture of education finance in British Columbia.

scholarly journals International Education and the Internationalization of Public Schooling in Canada: Approaches and Conceptualizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
Abdelhady Elnagar ◽  
Jon Young
Keyword(s):  
International Education ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Public Schooling ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Public School Systems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Learning Focused

While there is now an extensive literature related to the internationalization of post-secondary education in Canada, developments within K-12 public schooling have received much less attention. This article explores recent developments in international education in Canadian public school systems, with specific attention to developments in Manitoba. In doing so it argues that these developments incorporate three distinct policy interests – trade, immigration and education – resulting in strong federal influences on provincial education policies and practices. The article examines two major international education initiatives: the recruitment of international students; and, the establishment of affiliate school agreements overseas. It argues that these recent developments reflect a particular notion of “the internationalization of public schooling” where a historical notion of “international education” as a learning-focused concept has been supplanted by an economic and market-driven notion that has trade and immigration considerations as its primary interests.

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