Urban Planning, Development and Non-communicable Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala Rao ◽  
Francoise Barten ◽  
Neil Blackshaw ◽  
Jostacio Lapitan ◽  
Gauden Galea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Planning Development

scholarly journals Strategy for primary prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and mitigation of climate change in Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215726
Author(s):  
Paolo Vineis ◽  
Jessica Beagley ◽  
Lucia Bisceglia ◽  
Luca Carra ◽  
Roberto Cingolani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

This paper derives from a document commissioned in 2019 by the Italian Minister of Health, and outlines a general strategy for primary prevention of non-communicable diseases in Italy, with a special focus on cobenefits of climate change mitigation. Given that action against climate change is primarily taken via energy choices, limiting the use of fossil fuels and promoting renewable sources, an effective strategy is one in which interventions are designed to prevent diseases and jointly mitigate climate change, the so-called cobenefits. For policies capable of producing relevant co-benefits we focus on three categories of interventions, urban planning, diet and transport that are of special importance. For example, policies promoting active transport (cycling, walking) have the triple effect of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, preventing diseases related to atmospheric pollution, and increasing physical activity, thus preventing obesity and diabetes.In particular, we propose that for 2025 the following goals are achieved: reduce the prevalence of smokers by 30%, with particular emphasis on young people; reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity by 20%; reduce the proportion of calories obtained from ultraprocessed foods by 20%; reduce the consumption of alcohol by 10%; reduce the consumption of salt by 30%; reduce the consumption of sugary drinks by 20%; reduce the average consumption of meat by 20%; increase the weekly hours of exercise by 10%. The aim is to complement individual health promotion with structural policies (such as urban planning, taxation and incentives) which render the former more effective and result in a reduction in inequality. We strongly encourage the inclusion of primary prevention in all policies, in light of the described cobenefits. Italy’s role as the cohost of the 2020 (now 2021) UN climate negotiations (COP26) presents the opportunity for international leadership in addressing health as an integral component of the response to climate change.

Adipositasprävention und non-communicable diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-251
Author(s):  
M. Braun ◽  
J. Ried
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health Assembly

ZusammenfassungDie 65. World Health Assembly hat die Bekämpfung nicht-übertragbarer Krankheiten in den Mittelpunkt globaler Aufmerksamkeit und Aktivität gerückt. Da Übergewicht bzw. Adipositas wesentliche Risikofaktoren für einen erheblichen Teil dieser Erkrankungen darstellen, kommt damit der Prävention (aber auch der Therapie) erhöhten Körpergewichtes in der Programmatik der WHO besondere Bedeutung zu. Gleichzeitig führen die hochgesteckten Ziele der WHO in das fundamentale Dilemma, dass es keine Instrumente gibt, die angestrebten Prävalenz- und Reduktionsraten im vorgegebenen Zeitrahmen zu erreichen. Daraus ergeben sich eine Reihe ethischer und sozialer Fragen, unter anderem nach dem zu Grunde gelegten Modell der Adipositas und den impliziten und expliziten Verantwortlichkeiten für ihre Bekämpfung.

Health and Physical Activity in Urban Neighbourhoods. Case Study: Shah Alam City, Selangor, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Oliver Hoon Leh Ling ◽  
Siti Nur Afiqah Mohamed Musthafa ◽  
Muhammad Solahuddin Hamzah ◽  
Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi ◽  
Nurul Ashikin Mabahwi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods

Environmental health is referring to the health of people in relation to environmental quality. Due to rapid urbanisation, more people are living in urban neighbourhoods. Urban planning and design aspects including the neighbourhood environment are potentially affecting the human healthy lifestyle and health condition. Thus, the relationship between Malaysian neighbourhood environmental aspects and human health has become the concern of this research. One of the neighbourhood units in Shah Alam city had been chosen as the study area for this purpose. Questionnaire survey had been carried out to examine the health condition and physical activeness of residents. Besides, the perception of residents on the quality of neighbourhood environmental aspects also had been collected in the questionnaire survey. The health condition of residents was measured by non-communicable diseases (NCD) and the physical activeness was measured in duration as well as the frequency of physical exercise activities. The study found that the quality of neighbourhood environmental aspects significantly increased the physical activeness of respondents. The physical activeness was positively associated with human health as measured in NCD (heart diseases and high blood pressure, HBP). It shows that neighbourhood environmental (physical and social) aspects are potentially affecting the healthy life of people living in the neighbourhood.Keywords: Healthy life, Neighbourhood environment, Non-communicable diseases (NCD), Physical activeness, Quality.

THE SITUATION OF RECOGNITION OF SOME NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND TREATMENT AND PREVENTIVE BEHAVIORS OF PEOPLE IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Phuoc Thuoc Doan ◽  
Thi Huong Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thanh Nhan Tran ◽  
Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Background: Non-communicable diseases seriously affect public health and socio-economic development of the country due to the high number of people suffering from diseases, being disabled and mortal. However, the proportion of people who recognized themselves a suffering from non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia is not high. For cases that their disease situations have been identified, there are not appropriate treatment and preventive behaviors. Objectives: 1) To determine the proportion of 25 - 84 years old peoplewho identified themselves as suffering from hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. 2) To learn treatment and preventive behaviors in the group of people who identified themselves as suffering from diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a randomly selected sample of 1600 residents in Thua Thien Hue province. Results: The proportion of people knowing that they are suffering from hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was 29.4%; 3.2% and 7.8% respectively. Among them, the proportion of people who did not treat and treated irregularly accounted for 42.7%; 13.7% and 75.2% respectively; the proportion of people who did not change their lifestyles and dietary habits accounted for 50.1%; 5.9% and 56.8% respectively. Conclusions: The proportion of people who identified themselves as suffering from some non-communicable diseases without appropriate treatment and preventive behaviors is alarming. Interventions are needed to help people realize the importance of treatment and prevention effectively. Key words: Non-communicable diseases, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia

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